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THE USAGE OF WASTE CLAYS CONTAINING BORON IN DRILLING MUDS

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 360 - 369, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.853128

Abstract

In this study, the usability of the process solid wastes (PKA) of the boron processing plant obtained from Kırka-Eskişehir province in drilling mud was investigated. Within the scope of the study, the American Petroleum Institute (API) Spec. Spud type drilling mud samples were prepared according to the 13-A standard. Different concentrations (4-8% by weight) and different particle sizes (75-50µm) of PKA and drilling bentonite were added to the prepared samples. Three different applications were made within the scope of the study. In the first stage, PKA was evaluated directly as a drilling mud additive based on its rheological and filtration properties due to its clay content. In the second stage, samples with the same concentration as bentonite, which is widely used in drilling applications, were prepared and evaluated. In the third stage, it was evaluated that PKA could be an additional additive material to the drilling bentonite. In the scope of the study, the usability of PKA for waste recycling investigated. Rheological and filtration analysis of drilling mud samples used in experimental studies API RP. Made according to the 13B-1 standard. According to the analysis results, PKA caused an increase of 2.38% on sludge weight. It provided a 112,5% increase in apparent viscosity in proportion to the concentration. There was an increase in plastic viscosity by 66,6% in 75µm particle size and 33,3% in 50µm particle size. With the amount of 4% additive for the yield point, it increased 3,5 times between 8% and reached 0,4392kg/m2. In gel strength analyzes, there was no effect for 10 seconds gel strength. However, the gel strength value increased by 50% for 10 minutes gel strength analysis. On filtration, 44,44% in 75µm particle size; It caused a decrease of 42,8% in 50µm particle size. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that PKA can be used as an auxiliary additive to bentonite in drilling muds. It can be used in shallow and deep drills within the scope of waste assessment.

References

  • Abdou M.I., Ahmed H.S., Effect of Particle Size of Bentonite on Rheological Behavior of the Drilling Mud, Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology, 29, 2220-2233, 2011.
  • Erdoğan Y., Kök O. E., Tanrıverdi İ., Atık İskenderun Siyah Mermer (Alexandrette Black) Tozunun Sondaj Çamurlarında CaCO3 Olarak Kullanımı, 2nd International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress, Adana-Türkiye, 25-27 Ekim, 2017.
  • Erdoğan, Y., Kök, O. E. Flow Characteristics of Eldivan – Çankırı (Turkey) Bentonites Compared to Wyoming (USA) in Drilling Muds: An Experimental Approach, Current Researches in Engineering and Architecture Sciences, IVPE, 1, 2020, pp. 91-101.
  • Chilingar G.V., Vorabutr P., Drilling and Drilling Fluids, 1st Edition, Elsevier Scientific Publication Company, North-Holland, 1983.
  • Erdoğan Y., Kök O. E., Production and Characterization of Nanobentonite from Sodium Bentonite with Mechanical Grinding, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(11), 8141-8150, 2019.
  • Kök O.E., Erdoğan Y., Vapur H., Bor Atığı İçeren Killerin Sondaj Çamuru Katkı Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı, 18. Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu, Kocaeli-Türkiye, 25-28 Eylül, 2019.
  • Erdoğan Y., Kök O. E., Usage of Olivine as Additive Material in Water-Based Drilling Muds, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(7), 5559-5568, 2019.
  • Caenn R., Chillingar G.V., Drilling Fluids: State of the Art, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 14, 221-230, 1996.
  • Erdoğan Y., Yıldız M.İ., Kök O.E., Correlating Rate of Penetration with the Weigth on Bit, Rotation per Minute, Flow Rate and Mud Weight of Rotary Drilling, Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(3), 378-385, 2018.
  • Kök O.E., Nanobentonit Eldesi ve Karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hatay, 2017.
  • Mahto V., Sharma V.P., Characterization of Indian Bentonite Clay Samples for Water-Based Drilling Fluids, Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology, 26, 1859–1868, 2008.
  • Kök O.E., Tanrıverdi İ., Erdoğan Y., Usage of Vermiculite as Additive Material in Water-Based Drilling Muds, Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(2), 179-186, 2018.
  • Lyens W.C., Plisga G.J., Drilling and Well Completions, Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, 2th Edition, Elsevier, 2004.
  • Meng X., Zhang Y., Zhou F., Chu P. K., Effects of Carbon Ash on Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 100, 1-8, 2012.
  • Karasu B., Kaya G., Yurdakul H., The Effect of Etibor Kırka Borax Company’s Concentration and Derivation Wastes on the Properties of Wall Tile Bodies, Proceedings of the 1st International Boron Symposium, Kütahya-Türkiye, 3-4 Ekim, 2002.
  • Özkul C., Çiftçi E., Tokel S., Savaş M., Boron as an Exploration Tool for Terrestrial Borate Deposits: A Soil Geochemical Study in Neogene Emet-Hisarcık Basin Where the World Largest Borate Deposits Occur (Kütahya-western Turkey), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 173, 31-51, 2017.
  • Garrett D. E., Borates: Handbook of Deposits, Processing, Properties, and Use, Academic Press, USA, 1998.
  • Kavas T., Önce G., The Usage Capacity of Etibor Kırka Borax Company’s Wastes in the Production of Structural Bricks as a Flax Material, Proceedings of the 1st International Boron Symposium, Kütahya-Türkiye, 3-4 Ekim, 2002.
  • Uslu T., Arol A.I., Use of Boron Waste as an Additive in Red Bricks, Waste Management, 24, 217–220, 2004.
  • Christogerou A., Kavas T., Pontikes Y., Koyas S., Tabak Y., Angelopoulos, G.N., Use of Boron Wastes in the Production of Heavy Clay Ceramics, Ceramics International, 35, 447–452, 2009.
  • Ercenk E., Şen U., Bayrak G., Yılmaz S., Glass and Glass-Ceramics Produced Fromfly Ash and Boron Waste, Acta Physica Polonica, 125, 626–628, 2014.
  • American Petroleum Intitute Spec. 13A. Specification for drilling fluid materials, USA, 2010.
  • American Petroleum Institute RP-13B-1. Recommended Practice Standard for Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids, USA, 2003.

Bor içerikli atık killerin sondaj çamurlarında kullanımı

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 360 - 369, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.853128

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir ili Kırka ilçesinden temin edilen bor işletme tesisi proses katı atıklarının (PKA) sondaj çamurlarında kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Amerikan Petrol Enstitüsü (API) Spec. 13-A standardına göre spud tip sondaj çamur numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan numunelerde farklı oranlarda (ağırlıkça %4-8) ve farklı tane boyutlarında (75-50µm) PKA ve sondaj bentoniti katkılanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında üç farklı uygulama yapılmıştır. İlk aşamada PKA, kil içeriğinden dolayı doğrudan sondaj çamuru katkı malzemesi olarak reolojik ve filtrasyon özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada sondaj uygulamalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan bentonit ile aynı konsantrasyonda numuneler hazırlanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü aşamada ise PKA’nın sondaj bentonitine ilave katkı malzemesi olabileceği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma amacında PKA’nın atık değerlendirme amacıyla kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda kullanılan sondaj çamur numunelerinin reolojik ve filtrasyon analizleriAPI RP. 13B-1 standardına göre yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre PKA, çamur ağırlığı üzerinde %2,38 oranında artış meydana getirmiştir. Görünür viskozitede katkı miktarı ile orantılı olarak %112,5 artış sağlamıştır. Plastik viskozitede 75µm tane boyutunda %66,6 oranında, 50µm tane boyutunda ise %33,3 oranında artış meydana getirmiştir. Kopma Noktası için %4 katkı miktarı ile %8 arasında 3,5 kat artış göstererek 0,4392 kg/m2 değerine ulaşmıştır. Jel kuvveti analizlerinde, 10 saniye jel kuvveti için bir etki göstermemiştir. Ancak 10 dakika jel kuvveti değerinde %50 oranında artış meydana gelmiştir. Filtrasyon üzerinde ise 75µm tane boyutunda %44,44; 50µm tane boyutunda ise %42,8 oranında düşüş meydana getirmiştir. Analizler sonucunda PKA’nın sondaj çamurlarında bentonite ek yardımcı katkı malzemesi olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Atık değerlendirme kapsamında sığ ve derin sondajlarda kullanılabilirliği bulunmaktadır.

References

  • Abdou M.I., Ahmed H.S., Effect of Particle Size of Bentonite on Rheological Behavior of the Drilling Mud, Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology, 29, 2220-2233, 2011.
  • Erdoğan Y., Kök O. E., Tanrıverdi İ., Atık İskenderun Siyah Mermer (Alexandrette Black) Tozunun Sondaj Çamurlarında CaCO3 Olarak Kullanımı, 2nd International Mediterranean Science and Engineering Congress, Adana-Türkiye, 25-27 Ekim, 2017.
  • Erdoğan, Y., Kök, O. E. Flow Characteristics of Eldivan – Çankırı (Turkey) Bentonites Compared to Wyoming (USA) in Drilling Muds: An Experimental Approach, Current Researches in Engineering and Architecture Sciences, IVPE, 1, 2020, pp. 91-101.
  • Chilingar G.V., Vorabutr P., Drilling and Drilling Fluids, 1st Edition, Elsevier Scientific Publication Company, North-Holland, 1983.
  • Erdoğan Y., Kök O. E., Production and Characterization of Nanobentonite from Sodium Bentonite with Mechanical Grinding, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(11), 8141-8150, 2019.
  • Kök O.E., Erdoğan Y., Vapur H., Bor Atığı İçeren Killerin Sondaj Çamuru Katkı Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı, 18. Ulusal Kil Sempozyumu, Kocaeli-Türkiye, 25-28 Eylül, 2019.
  • Erdoğan Y., Kök O. E., Usage of Olivine as Additive Material in Water-Based Drilling Muds, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28(7), 5559-5568, 2019.
  • Caenn R., Chillingar G.V., Drilling Fluids: State of the Art, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 14, 221-230, 1996.
  • Erdoğan Y., Yıldız M.İ., Kök O.E., Correlating Rate of Penetration with the Weigth on Bit, Rotation per Minute, Flow Rate and Mud Weight of Rotary Drilling, Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(3), 378-385, 2018.
  • Kök O.E., Nanobentonit Eldesi ve Karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İskenderun Teknik Üniversitesi, Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hatay, 2017.
  • Mahto V., Sharma V.P., Characterization of Indian Bentonite Clay Samples for Water-Based Drilling Fluids, Journal of Petroleum Science and Technology, 26, 1859–1868, 2008.
  • Kök O.E., Tanrıverdi İ., Erdoğan Y., Usage of Vermiculite as Additive Material in Water-Based Drilling Muds, Natural and Engineering Sciences, 3(2), 179-186, 2018.
  • Lyens W.C., Plisga G.J., Drilling and Well Completions, Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, 2th Edition, Elsevier, 2004.
  • Meng X., Zhang Y., Zhou F., Chu P. K., Effects of Carbon Ash on Rheological Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 100, 1-8, 2012.
  • Karasu B., Kaya G., Yurdakul H., The Effect of Etibor Kırka Borax Company’s Concentration and Derivation Wastes on the Properties of Wall Tile Bodies, Proceedings of the 1st International Boron Symposium, Kütahya-Türkiye, 3-4 Ekim, 2002.
  • Özkul C., Çiftçi E., Tokel S., Savaş M., Boron as an Exploration Tool for Terrestrial Borate Deposits: A Soil Geochemical Study in Neogene Emet-Hisarcık Basin Where the World Largest Borate Deposits Occur (Kütahya-western Turkey), Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 173, 31-51, 2017.
  • Garrett D. E., Borates: Handbook of Deposits, Processing, Properties, and Use, Academic Press, USA, 1998.
  • Kavas T., Önce G., The Usage Capacity of Etibor Kırka Borax Company’s Wastes in the Production of Structural Bricks as a Flax Material, Proceedings of the 1st International Boron Symposium, Kütahya-Türkiye, 3-4 Ekim, 2002.
  • Uslu T., Arol A.I., Use of Boron Waste as an Additive in Red Bricks, Waste Management, 24, 217–220, 2004.
  • Christogerou A., Kavas T., Pontikes Y., Koyas S., Tabak Y., Angelopoulos, G.N., Use of Boron Wastes in the Production of Heavy Clay Ceramics, Ceramics International, 35, 447–452, 2009.
  • Ercenk E., Şen U., Bayrak G., Yılmaz S., Glass and Glass-Ceramics Produced Fromfly Ash and Boron Waste, Acta Physica Polonica, 125, 626–628, 2014.
  • American Petroleum Intitute Spec. 13A. Specification for drilling fluid materials, USA, 2010.
  • American Petroleum Institute RP-13B-1. Recommended Practice Standard for Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids, USA, 2003.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hüseyin Vapur 0000-0003-4438-3982

Onur Eser Kök 0000-0002-7061-2921

Yasin Erdoğan 0000-0002-2314-5216

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date October 7, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Vapur, H., Kök, O. E., & Erdoğan, Y. (2021). Bor içerikli atık killerin sondaj çamurlarında kullanımı. Journal of Boron, 6(4), 360-369. https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.853128

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