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Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 121 - 128, 15.01.2024

Ali İhsan Kaya

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1399881

Abstract

Due to their many applications' benefits, adhesively bonded joints are widely utilized in nearly every industry, including space, marine, automotive, and aeronautics. Since unpredicted loadings may cause resonance in the structures, an accurate prediction of the bonded joints' dynamic characteristics is crucial. Therefore, in this study, modal analysis was performed on the two-, three-, four- and double-step adhesively bonded lap joints of Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Mild steel (Ms) materials with Epoxy Araldite adhesive. Ansys commercial program was utilized to analyze it numerically. The results showed that modeling the bonding region of single lap joints as two-, three-, and four-step adhesively bonded lap joints has no significant effect on the natural frequencies. This modeling has a minor incremental effect on the natural frequencies. However, Double-step lap joints were found to cause a considerable reduction in natural frequencies compared to not only single lap joints but also two-, three-, and four-step adhesively bonded lap joints. Double-step bonding caused a decrease of 8.82%, 8.57%, and 8.73% for Al-Al, Cu-Cu, and Ms-Ms. In general, in all models, the best increase or decrease in terms of natural frequencies was found to be Cu-Cu adhesively lap joints.

Keywords

Adhesively bonded joints Step-lap joints Modal analysis Finite element method

References

  • Aabid A, Khan SA, Al-Khalifah T, Parveez B, Anjum A. 2021. Parametric Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joint Using Finite Element Method. In: Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability, 2020, Springer, Singapore, pp: 675-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4443-3_65.
  • Akpinar S, Hacısalihoglu I, Çalık A. 2022. The effect of geometry on joint strength in adhesively bonded joints with the same adhesive area. Mech Adv Mat Struct, 2022: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2022.2162641.
  • ANSYS. 2023. The general purpose finite element software (Version 23.R2), Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, TX, US.
  • Apalak MK, Ekici R, Yildirim M. 2006. Optimal design of an adhesively-bonded corner joint with single support based on the free vibration analysis. J Adhes Sci Techol, 20(13): 1507-1528. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856106778666426.
  • Apalak MK, Engin A. 1997. Geometrically non-linear analysis of adhesively bonded double containment cantilever joint. J Adhes Sci Technol, 11(9): 1153-1195. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856197X00570.
  • Boutar Y, Naimi S, Mezlini S. 2016. Effect of surface treatment on the shear strength of aluminium adhesive single-lap joints for automotive applications. Int J Adhes Adhes, 67: 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.12.023.
  • Çitil Ş, Bozkurt I, Aydın MD. 2019. Experimental and 3D non-linear stress analysis of adhesively bonded pipes with curved-surface lap joints. J Adhes, 95(5-7): 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2018.1562922.
  • da Silva LFM, Marques EAS. 2008. Joint strength optimization of adhesively bonded patches. J Adhes, 84: 915-934. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218460802505275.
  • Demiral M, Mamedov A. 2023. Fatigue performance of a step-lap joint under tensile load: A numerical study. Polymers, 15(8): 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081949.
  • Dhilipkumar T, Rajesh M, Soundhar A. 2022. Dynamic behaviour of adhesively bonded structures in aerospace applications: An overview. In: Sultan MTH., Rajesh M, Jayakrishna K, edit. Repair of Advanced Composites for Aerospace Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, US, pp: 47-53.
  • Du Y, Shi L. 2014. Effect of vibration fatigue on modal properties of single lap adhesive joints. Int J Adhes Adhes, 53: 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.01.007.
  • Erbayrak E, Ozer H, Erbayrak S, Çeper K, Ağirkol B, Güner E. 2017. Effect of adhesıve type on Free Transverse Vibration of sıngle lap joint. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/ (accessed date: November 01, 2023).
  • Giannetti, FA. 2020. Finite Element modelling to predict wear in joint replacements. PhD thesis, University of Bologna, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Cesena, Italy, pp: 46.
  • Gültekin K, Akpinar S, Özel A. 2017. Effects of unbalance on the adhesively bonded composites-aluminium joints. J Adhes, 93(9): 674-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2015.1136998.
  • Gültekin K, Yazici ME. 2022. Mechanical properties of aluminum bonded joints reinforced with functionalized boron nitride and boron carbide nanoparticles. P I Mech Eng L-J Mat, 236(1): 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211056020.
  • Gunes R, Kemal Apalak M, Yildirim M, Ozkes I. 2010. Free vibration analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joints with wide and narrow functionally graded plates. Compos Struct, 92(1): 1-17. https://doi.org/1016/j.compstruct.2009.06.003.
  • Guo Q, Wang S. 2020. Free vibration analysis and optimal design of adhesively bonded double-strap joints by using artificial neural networks. Latin Am J Solids Struct, 17(4): e271. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78255878.
  • He J, Fu ZF. 2001. Modal Analysis, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd ed., Oxford, UK, pp: 1-11.
  • He X, Oyadiji SO. 2001. Influence of adhesive characteristics on the transverse free vibration of single lap-jointed cantilevered beams. J Mater Process Technol, 119(1-3): 366-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00936-0.
  • He X. 2012. Numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamic response of bonded beams with a single-lap joint. Int J Adhes Adhes, 37: 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.01.008.
  • Hussain F, Ingole S. 2022. A review on frequency domain analysis approach for parametric identification of nonlinear joints. Recent Advances in Machines and Mechanisms: Select 9-11 December, Jabalpur, India, pp: 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3716-3_7.
  • Ingole SB, Chatterjee A. 2011. Vibration analysis of single lap adhesive joint: experimental and analytical investigation. J Vib Control, 17(10): 1547-1556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546310380429.
  • Moaveni S. 2015. Theory and Application with ANSYS, 4th ed. Pearson Education Limited, Essex, UK, pp: 435-438.
  • Patil YB, Barjibhe RB. 2013. Modal analysis of adhesively bonded joints of different materials. Int J Mod Eng Res, 3(2): 633-636.
  • Ramalho LDC, Sánchez-Arce IJ, Gonçalves DC, Belinha J, Campilho RDSG. 2022. Numerical analysis of the dynamic behaviour of adhesive joints: A review. Int J Adhes Adhes, 118: 103219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.103219.
  • Ribeiro TEA, Campilho RDSG, da Silva LFM. 2016. Damage analysis of composite–aluminium adhesively-bonded single-lap joints. Compos Struct, 136: 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.054.
  • Shang X, Marques EAS, Machado JJM, Carbas RJC, Jiang D, da Silva LFM. 2019. Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends. Compos B Eng, 177: 107363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107363.
  • Sindi SA, Othman R, Almitani KH. 2021. Theoretical solution for the axial vibration of functionally graded double-lap adhesive joints. Math Mech Solids, 26(6): 823-842. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286520967709.
  • Thakare NB, Dhumne AB. 2015. A review on design and analysis of adhesive bonded joint by finite element analysis. SSRG Int J Mech Eng, 2(4): 6.
  • Thomas R, Fischer F and Gude M. 2021. Adhesives for increasing the bonding strength of in situ manufactured metal-composite joints. P I Mech Eng D-J Aut, 235(13): 3256-3269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407020965759.
  • URL1: ANSYS Mechanical APDL Contact Technology Guide 18.2, page 266. https://www.academia.edu/38866112/ANSYS_Mechanical_APDL_Contact_Technology_Guide (accessed date: October 02, 2023).
  • Van Belle L, Brandolisio D, Deckers E, Jonckheere S, Claeys C, Pluymers B, Desmet W. 2018. Experimental validation of numerical structural dynamic models for metal plate joining techniques. J Vib Control, 24(15): 3348-3369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546317704794.
  • Wang S, Li Y, Xie Z. 2019. Free vibration analysis of adhesively bonded lap joints through layerwise finite element. Compos Struct, 223: 110943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.110943.
  • Wani SS. 2015. Vibration analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joint. Int Res J Eng Technol, 2(2): 290-297.
  • Yaman M, Sansveren MF. 2021. Numerical and experimental vibration analysis of different types of adhesively bonded joints. Struct, 34: 368-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.071.
  • Zhu Y. 2017. Best Practices for Contact Modeling using ANSYS. URL: https://pic.huodongjia.com/ganhuodocs/2017-09-15/1505456086.9.pdf (accessed date: September 04, 2023).

Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 121 - 128, 15.01.2024

Ali İhsan Kaya

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1399881

Abstract

Due to their many applications' benefits, adhesively bonded joints are widely utilized in nearly every industry, including space, marine, automotive, and aeronautics. Since unpredicted loadings may cause resonance in the structures, an accurate prediction of the bonded joints' dynamic characteristics is crucial. Therefore, in this study, modal analysis was performed on the two-, three-, four- and double-step adhesively bonded lap joints of Aluminum (Al), Copper (Cu), and Mild steel (Ms) materials with Epoxy Araldite adhesive. Ansys commercial program was utilized to analyze it numerically. The results showed that modeling the bonding region of single lap joints as two-, three-, and four-step adhesively bonded lap joints has no significant effect on the natural frequencies. This modeling has a minor incremental effect on the natural frequencies. However, Double-step lap joints were found to cause a considerable reduction in natural frequencies compared to not only single lap joints but also two-, three-, and four-step adhesively bonded lap joints. Double-step bonding caused a decrease of 8.82%, 8.57%, and 8.73% for Al-Al, Cu-Cu, and Ms-Ms. In general, in all models, the best increase or decrease in terms of natural frequencies was found to be Cu-Cu adhesively lap joints.

Keywords

Adhesively bonded joints Step-lap joints Modal analysis Finite element method

References

  • Aabid A, Khan SA, Al-Khalifah T, Parveez B, Anjum A. 2021. Parametric Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single Lap Joint Using Finite Element Method. In: Intelligent Manufacturing and Energy Sustainability, 2020, Springer, Singapore, pp: 675-686. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4443-3_65.
  • Akpinar S, Hacısalihoglu I, Çalık A. 2022. The effect of geometry on joint strength in adhesively bonded joints with the same adhesive area. Mech Adv Mat Struct, 2022: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2022.2162641.
  • ANSYS. 2023. The general purpose finite element software (Version 23.R2), Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc., Houston, TX, US.
  • Apalak MK, Ekici R, Yildirim M. 2006. Optimal design of an adhesively-bonded corner joint with single support based on the free vibration analysis. J Adhes Sci Techol, 20(13): 1507-1528. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856106778666426.
  • Apalak MK, Engin A. 1997. Geometrically non-linear analysis of adhesively bonded double containment cantilever joint. J Adhes Sci Technol, 11(9): 1153-1195. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856197X00570.
  • Boutar Y, Naimi S, Mezlini S. 2016. Effect of surface treatment on the shear strength of aluminium adhesive single-lap joints for automotive applications. Int J Adhes Adhes, 67: 38-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.12.023.
  • Çitil Ş, Bozkurt I, Aydın MD. 2019. Experimental and 3D non-linear stress analysis of adhesively bonded pipes with curved-surface lap joints. J Adhes, 95(5-7): 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2018.1562922.
  • da Silva LFM, Marques EAS. 2008. Joint strength optimization of adhesively bonded patches. J Adhes, 84: 915-934. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218460802505275.
  • Demiral M, Mamedov A. 2023. Fatigue performance of a step-lap joint under tensile load: A numerical study. Polymers, 15(8): 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15081949.
  • Dhilipkumar T, Rajesh M, Soundhar A. 2022. Dynamic behaviour of adhesively bonded structures in aerospace applications: An overview. In: Sultan MTH., Rajesh M, Jayakrishna K, edit. Repair of Advanced Composites for Aerospace Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, US, pp: 47-53.
  • Du Y, Shi L. 2014. Effect of vibration fatigue on modal properties of single lap adhesive joints. Int J Adhes Adhes, 53: 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2014.01.007.
  • Erbayrak E, Ozer H, Erbayrak S, Çeper K, Ağirkol B, Güner E. 2017. Effect of adhesıve type on Free Transverse Vibration of sıngle lap joint. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/ (accessed date: November 01, 2023).
  • Giannetti, FA. 2020. Finite Element modelling to predict wear in joint replacements. PhD thesis, University of Bologna, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Cesena, Italy, pp: 46.
  • Gültekin K, Akpinar S, Özel A. 2017. Effects of unbalance on the adhesively bonded composites-aluminium joints. J Adhes, 93(9): 674-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2015.1136998.
  • Gültekin K, Yazici ME. 2022. Mechanical properties of aluminum bonded joints reinforced with functionalized boron nitride and boron carbide nanoparticles. P I Mech Eng L-J Mat, 236(1): 37-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207211056020.
  • Gunes R, Kemal Apalak M, Yildirim M, Ozkes I. 2010. Free vibration analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joints with wide and narrow functionally graded plates. Compos Struct, 92(1): 1-17. https://doi.org/1016/j.compstruct.2009.06.003.
  • Guo Q, Wang S. 2020. Free vibration analysis and optimal design of adhesively bonded double-strap joints by using artificial neural networks. Latin Am J Solids Struct, 17(4): e271. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78255878.
  • He J, Fu ZF. 2001. Modal Analysis, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2nd ed., Oxford, UK, pp: 1-11.
  • He X, Oyadiji SO. 2001. Influence of adhesive characteristics on the transverse free vibration of single lap-jointed cantilevered beams. J Mater Process Technol, 119(1-3): 366-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00936-0.
  • He X. 2012. Numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamic response of bonded beams with a single-lap joint. Int J Adhes Adhes, 37: 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.01.008.
  • Hussain F, Ingole S. 2022. A review on frequency domain analysis approach for parametric identification of nonlinear joints. Recent Advances in Machines and Mechanisms: Select 9-11 December, Jabalpur, India, pp: 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3716-3_7.
  • Ingole SB, Chatterjee A. 2011. Vibration analysis of single lap adhesive joint: experimental and analytical investigation. J Vib Control, 17(10): 1547-1556. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546310380429.
  • Moaveni S. 2015. Theory and Application with ANSYS, 4th ed. Pearson Education Limited, Essex, UK, pp: 435-438.
  • Patil YB, Barjibhe RB. 2013. Modal analysis of adhesively bonded joints of different materials. Int J Mod Eng Res, 3(2): 633-636.
  • Ramalho LDC, Sánchez-Arce IJ, Gonçalves DC, Belinha J, Campilho RDSG. 2022. Numerical analysis of the dynamic behaviour of adhesive joints: A review. Int J Adhes Adhes, 118: 103219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2022.103219.
  • Ribeiro TEA, Campilho RDSG, da Silva LFM. 2016. Damage analysis of composite–aluminium adhesively-bonded single-lap joints. Compos Struct, 136: 25-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.09.054.
  • Shang X, Marques EAS, Machado JJM, Carbas RJC, Jiang D, da Silva LFM. 2019. Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends. Compos B Eng, 177: 107363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107363.
  • Sindi SA, Othman R, Almitani KH. 2021. Theoretical solution for the axial vibration of functionally graded double-lap adhesive joints. Math Mech Solids, 26(6): 823-842. https://doi.org/10.1177/1081286520967709.
  • Thakare NB, Dhumne AB. 2015. A review on design and analysis of adhesive bonded joint by finite element analysis. SSRG Int J Mech Eng, 2(4): 6.
  • Thomas R, Fischer F and Gude M. 2021. Adhesives for increasing the bonding strength of in situ manufactured metal-composite joints. P I Mech Eng D-J Aut, 235(13): 3256-3269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407020965759.
  • URL1: ANSYS Mechanical APDL Contact Technology Guide 18.2, page 266. https://www.academia.edu/38866112/ANSYS_Mechanical_APDL_Contact_Technology_Guide (accessed date: October 02, 2023).
  • Van Belle L, Brandolisio D, Deckers E, Jonckheere S, Claeys C, Pluymers B, Desmet W. 2018. Experimental validation of numerical structural dynamic models for metal plate joining techniques. J Vib Control, 24(15): 3348-3369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546317704794.
  • Wang S, Li Y, Xie Z. 2019. Free vibration analysis of adhesively bonded lap joints through layerwise finite element. Compos Struct, 223: 110943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.110943.
  • Wani SS. 2015. Vibration analysis of adhesively bonded single lap joint. Int Res J Eng Technol, 2(2): 290-297.
  • Yaman M, Sansveren MF. 2021. Numerical and experimental vibration analysis of different types of adhesively bonded joints. Struct, 34: 368-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2021.07.071.
  • Zhu Y. 2017. Best Practices for Contact Modeling using ANSYS. URL: https://pic.huodongjia.com/ganhuodocs/2017-09-15/1505456086.9.pdf (accessed date: September 04, 2023).
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Dynamics, Vibration and Vibration Control, Numerical Modelling and Mechanical Characterisation
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ali İhsan Kaya 0000-0002-3040-5389

Early Pub Date January 1, 2024
Publication Date January 15, 2024
Submission Date December 4, 2023
Acceptance Date December 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kaya, A. İ. (2024). Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(1), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1399881
AMA Kaya Aİ. Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study. BSJ Eng. Sci. January 2024;7(1):121-128. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1399881
Chicago Kaya, Ali İhsan. “Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7, no. 1 (January 2024): 121-28. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1399881.
EndNote Kaya Aİ (January 1, 2024) Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7 1 121–128.
IEEE A. İ. Kaya, “Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 121–128, 2024, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1399881.
ISNAD Kaya, Ali İhsan. “Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7/1 (January 2024), 121-128. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1399881.
JAMA Kaya Aİ. Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7:121–128.
MLA Kaya, Ali İhsan. “Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 1, 2024, pp. 121-8, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1399881.
Vancouver Kaya Aİ. Effect of Different Step-Lap Joints on the Natural Frequencies of Different Adhesively Bonded Metallic Materials: A Numerical Study. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7(1):121-8.
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