The Effect of Music on Care Behaviors and Burnout Levels of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Units

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 25 - 32, 15.01.2024

İlkay Akçay , Ebru Erek Kazan

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1345380

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Studies indicate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the nurses have experienced burnout, affecting their caring behavior. It is important that nurses be provided with physical and mental health support. Therefore, music may be useful for these frontline nurses. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of music on care behaviors and burnout levels of nurses working in COVID-19 units. This was a self-controlled intervention study. The study included 38 daytime nurses in a public hospital in Ankara, Türkiye. Data were collected using the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Music was played for 30 minutes every day over eight weeks. After the music intervention, mean CBI-24 subscores significantly increased (P<0.001), and the mean MBI emotional exhaustion subscore decreased (P=0.010). We found a significantly negative correlation between the assurance subscale of the CBI-24 and the depersonalization subscale of the MBI (r=−0.418, P=0.009). The study showed that music decreased emotional exhaustion and improved their care behaviors of nurses working in COVID-19 units. Nursing leaders should develop strategies to reduce the burnout and enhance caring behaviors during the pandemic. These results may be a guide for policymakers to develop workplace policies during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords

Burnout, Caring behaviors, COVID-19, Music, Nurse

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

We would like to acknowledge the all nurses who participated in this study. We would also like to acknowledge Prof. Dr. Burcin Ucaner Cifdaloz to support and advice for music preference survey and prepared of music CD.

References

• AlAteeq DA, Aljhani S, Althiyabi I, Majzoub S. 2020. Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Pub Health, 13(10): 1432-1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.013.
• Apps K, Sunderland N. 2021. Live music in hospital oncology settings: environmental, interpersonal, and personal outcomes for staff, patients, and carers. Arts Health, 201: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2021.1946110
• Bittel C, Beckman C, Carrega J. 2021. Impact of live therapeutic music on stress levels among healthcare workers in COVID-19 critical care units. Interprof J Healthcare Res, 1(2): 45-54.
• Çapri B. 2006. Turkish adaptation of the burnout measure: A reliability and validity study. Mersin Univ J Fac Educ, 2(1): 62-77.
• Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y. 2020. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4): E15-E16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X.
• Chen R, Sun C, Chen JJ. 2021. A large-scale survey on trauma, burnout, and posttraumatic growth among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Mental Health Nurs, 30(1): 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12796.
• Çifdalöz BU. 2019. Music therapy and music based interventions for dementia and end of life care in Turkey. J Int Soc Res, 12(67): 529-535. http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.2019.3691.
• Duarte I, Teixeira A, Castro L. 2020. Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pub Health, 20(1885): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09980-z.
• Ergin C. 1992. Adaptation of burnout and Maslach burnout scale for doctors and nurses. In: VII. National Psychology Congress, September 22, Ankara, Türkiye, p:143-154.
• Fernandez R, Lord H, Halcomb E. 2020. Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. Int J Nurs Stud, 111(10363): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103637.
• Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A. 2021. Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta- analysis. J Adv Nurs, 77(8): 3286-3302. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14839.
• Giordano F, Scarlata E, Baroni M. 2020. Receptive music therapy to reduce stress and improve wellbeing in Italian clinical staff involved in COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary study. Arts Psychother, 70(101688): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2020.101688.
• Häussl A, Ehmann E, Pacher A. 2021. Psychological, physical, and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital nurses. Int Nurs Rev, 68(4): 482-492. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12716.
• Hu D, Kong Y, Li W. 2020. Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. E Clin Medic, 24(100424): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424.
• Huang CY, Chang ET, Hsieh YM, Lai HL. 2017. Effects of music and music video interventions on sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial in adults with sleep disturbances. Complement Ther Medic, 34: 116-122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.015.
• Huang JZ, Han MF, Luo TD, Ren AK, Zhou XP. 2020. Mental health survey of medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19. Chinese J Indust Hygiene Occupat Diseas, 38(3): 192-195. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200219-00063. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32131151/ (accessed date: 24 October 2021).
• Inocian EP, Cruz JP, Alshehry AS, Alshamlani Y, Ignacio EH, Tumala RB. 2021. Professional quality of life and caring behaviours among clinical nurses during the COVID- 19 pandemic. J Clin Nurs, 00: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15937.
• International Council of Nurses. 2021. International Council of Nurses COVID-19 Update. URL: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/ICN%20COVID19%20 update%20report%20FINAL.pdf (accessed date: 24 December 2021).
• Kacem I, Kahloul M, Arem SE. 2020. Effects of music therapy on occupational stress and burn-out risk of operating room staff. Libyan J Medic, 15(1768024): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/19932820.2020.1768024.
• Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. 2021. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 67(2): 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020942788.
• Kang L, Ma S, Chen M. 2020. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun, 87: 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028.
• Karlou C, Papathanassoglou E, Patiraki E. 2015. Caring behaviours in cancer care in Greece. Comparison of patients', their caregivers' and nurses' perceptions. European J Oncology Nurs, 19(3): 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2014.11.005.
• Kurşun Ş, Kanan N. 2012. Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Caring Behaviors Inventory-24. J Anatolia Nurs Health Sci, 15(4): 229-235.
• Lai HL, Li YM. 2011. The effect of music on biochemical markers and self-perceived stress among first-line nurses: A randomized controlled crossover trial. J Adv Nurs, 67(11): 2414-2424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05670.x .
• Matoso LML, Oliveira AMB, Sousa JC. 2021. The effect of organizational musical therapy on reducing the stress level of health care professionals in a public hospital. Psychol Music, 50(4): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356211042090.
• Minuye B, Alebachew W, Kebede M, Asnakew S, Belay DM. 2021. Intention to care for COVID-19 patients among nurses working at health care institutions of Debre Tabor Town, North Central Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthcare Pol, 14: 2475-2481. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S311830.
• Murat M, Köse S, Savaşer S. 2021. Determination of stress, depression and burnout levels of front-line nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Mental Health Nurs, 30(2): 533-543. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12818.
• Pinho L, Correia T, Sampaio F. 2021. The use of mental health promotion strategies by nurses to reduce anxiety, stress, and depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A prospective cohort study. Environ Res, 195(110828): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110828.
• Repar PA, Patton D. 2007. Stress reduction for nurses through arts-in-medicine at the University of New Mexico Hospitals. Holistic Nurs Pract, 21(4): 182-186. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HNP.0000280929.68259.5c.
• Sarafis P, Rousaki E, Tsounis A. 2016. The impact of occupational stress on nurses’ caring behaviors and their health related quality of life. BMC Nurs, 15(56): 2-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-016-0178-y.
• Sayilan AA, Kulakaç N, Uzun S. 2020. Burnout levels and sleep quality of COVID‐19 heroes. Perspect Psychiatric Care, 57(3): 1231-1236. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12678.
• Shanafelt T, Ripp J, Trockel M. 2020. Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA, 323(21): 2133-2134. https://doi.org/10.1001 / jama.2020.5893.
• Shen A, Wang Y, Qiang W. 2018. A multicenter investigation of caring behaviors and burnout among oncology nurses in China. Cancer Nurs, 43(5): E246-E253. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000680.
• T.R. Ministry of Health. 2020. Online Mental Support During the Coronavirus Pandemic. URL: https://istanbulism.saglik.gov.tr/TR,180686/korona-virus-pandemisinde-online-ruhsal-destek.html# (accessed date: 01 February 2022).
• T.R. Ministry of Health. 2021. Covid-19 information platform. URL: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66493/p.html (accessed date: 18 February 2022).
• Taets GGC, Borba-Pinheiro CJ, Figueiredo NMA, Dantas EHM. 2013. Impact of a music therapy program on the stress level of health professionals. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 66(3): 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71672013000300013.
• Turkish Association of Public Health Society. 2021. The Report of Community Mental Health Working Group. URL: https://hasuder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/Toplum-Ruh-Sagligi-Calisma-Grubu.pdf (accessed date: 01 February 2022).
• Vajpeyee M, Tiwari S, Jain K. 2021. Yoga and music intervention to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 outbreak on healthcare workers. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 68(4): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211006742.
• WHO. 2020. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. URL: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/ mental- health -considerations.pdf (accessed date: 27 December 2021).
• WHO. 2021. World Health Organization, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. URL: https://covid19.who.int/ (accessed date: 29 October 2021).
• Wu Y, Larrabee JH, Putman HP. 2006. Caring behaviors inventory: A reduction of the 42-item instrument. Nurs Res, 55(1): 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200601000-00003.