<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1309-6672</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2618-6322</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bingol University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29029/busbed.1815172</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>MOLEKÜLER DÜZEYDE YAŞAM YÖNETİMİ: ANNALEE NEWITZ’İN AUTONOMOUS ROMANINDA BİYOSERMAYE VE ÖZNELLİK POLİTİKALARI</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>GOVERNING LIFE AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL: BIOCAPITAL AND THE POLITICS OF AGENCY IN ANNALEE NEWITZ’S AUTONOMOUS</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-4032</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şentürk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Selçuk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Ordu Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-3243</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Beken</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mert Can</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260428">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>31</issue>
                                        <fpage>13</fpage>
                                        <lpage>21</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251101">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260405">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu makale, Annalee Newitz’in Autonomous (2017) adlı eserini Nikolas Rose’un moleküler biyopolitika kavramı üzerinden ele alarak, romanın biyoteknolojik rejimde biyokapital ve öznellik tartışmalarına katkısını inceler. Yakın gelecekte geçen anlatı, yaşam kurtarıcı ilaçların yüksek bedellerle patentlenmesi ve küresel ekonominin ilaç şirketleri tarafından belirlenmesi üzerine kuruludur. Kurgu, sistemi ihlal ederek değiştirilmiş ilaçları dolaşıma sokan bilim insanı Jack ile, gelişen öz farkındalığı üzerinden özgürlük, mülkiyet ve özerklik kavramlarını sorgulayan askeri robot Paladin etrafında ilerler. Çalışma, Rose’un molekülerleşme, optimizasyon, özneleştirme, uzmanlık ve biyoekonomi kavramlarını temel alır ve yaşamın moleküler düzeyde yönetildiği bir düzeni tartışır. Roman, patentli ilaçlar, tasarlanmış duygulanım biçimleri ve yapay varlıklar aracılığıyla bu yapıyı somutlaştırır; yaşamın ekonomik değere indirgenişini ve öznelliğin biyokapitalist sistemler içinde düzenlenişini açık biçimde ortaya koyar. Jack’in Zacuity’ye müdahalesi ile Paladin’in benlik arayışı, öznelliğin bağımsız bir özellik olmadığını, bu sistemler içinde üretildiğini ve sınırlandığını gösterir. Bu çerçevede makale, öznelliği insan, teknoloji ve biyolojik süreçler arasındaki ilişkiler içinde yeniden düşünür ve bu dönüşümü açıklamak üzere “sentetik moleküler öznellik” kavramını önerir. Autonomous, böylece moleküler biyopolitikayı yaşamı, emeği ve öznelliği düzenleyen, aynı zamanda sınırlı direniş imkanları barındıran bir yapı olarak ortaya koyar.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This article examines Annalee Newitz’s Autonomous (2017) through Nikolas Rose’s concept of molecular biopolitics, focusing on the novel’s contribution to debates on biocapital and subjectivity within a biotechnological regime. Set in the near future, the narrative is structured around the patenting of life saving drugs at high cost and the dominance of pharmaceutical corporations over the global economy. It follows Jack, a scientist who disrupts this system by recirculating modified drugs, and Paladin, a military robot whose emerging self-awareness prompts questions of freedom, ownership, and autonomy. The study employs Rose’s key concepts of molecularization, optimization, subjectification, expertise, and bioeconomy to frame a mode of governance in which life is regulated at the molecular level. The novel articulates this structure through patented pharmaceuticals, engineered affect, and artificial beings, exposing how life is reduced to economic value and how subjectivity is organized within biocapitalist systems. Jack’s intervention in the productivity drug Zacuity and Paladin’s search for selfhood demonstrate that subjectivity is neither autonomous nor inherent, but produced and constrained within these systems. In this context, the article reconsiders subjectivity through the relations between human, technological, and biological processes and proposes the concept of synthetic molecular subjectivity to account for its reconfiguration. Autonomous thus presents molecular biopolitics as a system that regulates life, labour, and subjectivity, while still containing limited possibilities for resistance.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Agency</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Autonomous</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Biocapital</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Molecular Biopolitics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Speculative Novel</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Öznellik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Autonomous</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Biyokapital</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Moleküler Biyopolitika</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Spekülatif Roman</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Polity Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cooper, M. (2008). Life as surplus: Biotechnology and capitalism in the neoliberal era. University of Washington Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1975)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Foucault, M. (1978). The history of sexuality: Vol. 1. An introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). Pantheon Books.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Foucault, M. (2003). &quot;Society must be defended&quot;: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1975–76 (D. Macey, Trans.). Picador.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Haraway, D. J. (2016). Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene. Duke University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hogle, L. F. (2005). Enhancement technologies and the body. Annual Review of Anthropology, *34*, 695–716. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.144020</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Larrodera-Arcega, L. (2025). Indenture rights for all: Challenging the human status quo in Annalee Newitz&#039;s Autonomous. In M. Ferrández-Sanmiguel, E. Muñoz-González, &amp; C. Laguarta-Bueno (Eds.), The posthuman condition in 21st century literature and culture. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83701-2_5</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Al-Maamouri, A., &amp; Husain, F. R. (2025). The ethics of transhumanism in Annalee Newitz&#039;s Autonomous. Journal of the College of Languages, *52*, 133–154. https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2025.0.52.0133</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Makhdum, S. J., &amp; Qasim Shafiq, D. (2025). Techno subjectivities: The politics of cyborg-cyber feminist resistance in Annalee Newitz&#039;s Autonomous. Dialogue Social Science Review (DSSR), *3*(7), 137–155. https://dialoguessr.com/index.php/2/article/view/649</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Newitz, A. (2017). Autonomous. Tor, A Tom Doherty Associates Book.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Novas, C. (2006). The political economy of hope: Patients&#039; organizations, science, and biovalue. BioSocieties, *1*(3), 289–305.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rajan, K. S. (2006). Biocapital: The constitution of postgenomic life. Duke University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Roberts, D. (2011). Fatal invention: How science, politics, and big business re-create race in the twenty-first century. The New Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rose, N. (2007a). Molecular biopolitics, somatic ethics and the spirit of biocapital. Social Theory &amp; Health, *5*(1), 3–29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rose, N. (2007b). The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rose, N., &amp; Novas, C. (2005). Biological citizenship. In A. Ong &amp; S. J. Collier (Eds.), Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems (pp. 439–463). Blackwell Publishing.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vint, S. (2021). Biopolitical futures in twenty-first-century speculative fiction. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108979382</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wald, P. (2008). Contagious: Cultures, carriers, and the outbreak narrative. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11sms36</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Waldby, C., &amp; Mitchell, R. (2006). Tissue economies: Blood, organs, and cell lines in late capitalism. Duke University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
