<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>cujhss</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3062-0112</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Cankaya University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47777/cankujhss.1816100</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Translation Studies</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Çeviribilim</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>A Case Study on the Quality of Literary Translations Produced via MT+Post-Editing without Source-Language Competence</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Kaynak Dil Bilinmeden Makine Çevirisi ve Son Düzeltme ile Üretilen Edebi Çevirilerin Kalitesine İlişkin Bir Vaka Çalışması</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-4685</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çimen Karayürek</surname>
                                    <given-names>Esra</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260419">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>19</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>20</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>199</fpage>
                                        <lpage>210</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20251102">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260417">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>17</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2024, Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Machine translation (MT) is preferred by many translators because it is fast and convenient; it provides time savings especially in the production of high-volume technical texts. However, in contexts where cultural and linguistic nuance is decisive, particularly in literary translation, the importance of human intervention continues. In this study, based on the example of a published translation book, a translation practice produced through an MT+post-editing workflow without knowledge of the source language was examined in terms of translation quality. The analyzed work is Milan Kundera: Une Vie d’Écrivain by Jean-Dominique Brierre. This biography was translated into Turkish and published under the title Bir Yazarın Hayatı: Milan Kundera by Osman Akınhay, through his publishing house Angora Kitaplığı. Due to the scope of the article, the research was limited to direct quotations selected through purposive sampling; these quotations, selected from seven of Kundera’s works, were examined comparatively between published human translations and Akınhay’s translation. The evaluation was conducted on the basis of the criteria of fluency, semantic accuracy, and contextual appropriateness, using an approach that draws on the MQM (Multidimensional Quality Metrics) framework; the elements identified in each example were reported at Minor/Major/Critical levels. The findings showed that, in the examined examples, the translation is generally fluent and contextually appropriate; however, they also showed that greater caution is required regarding semantic accuracy, particularly due to nuance shifts that emerge in certain verbs and evaluative expressions.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Makine çevirisi, hızlı ve kullanışlı olması hasebiyle birçok çevirmen tarafından tercih edilmekte; özellikle hacimli teknik metinlerde zaman tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Buna karşın kültürel ve dilsel nüansın belirleyici olduğu bağlamlarda, özellikle edebî çeviride, insan müdahalesinin önemi devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yayımlanmış somut bir çeviri kitabı örneğinden hareketle, kaynak dili bilinmeden MT+post-editing iş akışıyla üretilen bir çeviri uygulaması, çeviri kalitesi açısından incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kaynak metin olarak Jean Dominique Brierre’in Milan Kundera Une Vie d’Écrivain adlı eser kullanılmıştır. Hedef metin olarak, Osman Akınhay’ın Angora Kitaplığı yayınevinde yayımlayarak Türkçeye kazandırdığı Bir Yazarın Hayatı: Milan Kundera adlı eser kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, makale kapsamı gereği amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla seçilmiş doğrudan alıntılarla sınırlandırılmış; Kundera’nın yedi eserinden seçilen bu alıntılar, yayımlanmış insan çevirileri ile Akınhay’ın çevirisi arasında karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Değerlendirme, akıcılık, anlamsal doğruluk ve bağlamsal uygunluk ölçütleri temelinde MQM (Çok Boyutlu Kalite Ölçütleri) çerçevesinden yararlanılan bir yaklaşımla yürütülmüş; her örnekte tespit edilen unsurlar Minör/Majör/Kritik düzeyleriyle raporlanmıştır. Bulgular, incelenen örneklerde çevirinin genel olarak akıcı ve bağlamsal olarak uygun olduğunu; buna karşılık anlamsal doğruluğun özellikle belirli fiiller ve değerlendirme yüklü ifadelerde ortaya çıkan nüans kaymaları nedeniyle daha dikkatli olunması gerektiğini göstermiştir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>machine translation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MQM</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  post-editing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  literary translation</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The Life of a Writer</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Milan Kundera</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>makine çevirisi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  MQM</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  son düzeltme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  edebî çeviri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bir Yazarın Hayatı: Milan Kundera</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kundera</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akınhay, O. [@osmanakinhay]. (2022, April 27). Son çevirim olan Milan Kundera biyografisine ilişkin olarak bu mecrada gün boyu yazılan çok sayıdaki hakaret ve alay, az sayıdaki eleştiriye toplu bir cevap verebilirim sanırım. [Post]. X https://x.com/osmanakinhay/status/1519399464858959872</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akınhay, A. [@asyakakinhay]. (2021, 1 Mayıs). Sevgili babam @osmanakinhay, Milan Kundera biyografisi için tecrübeli Fransızca çevirmeni arıyor; ilgililerin çevirdikleri eserlerin bilgisiyle birlikte oakinhay@agorakitapligi.com adresine mail atmalari rica olunur... https://x.com/asyakakinhay/status/1388430067685068802</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Argın, Ş. (2008, 02 Ağustos). Şükrü Argın ile söyleşi: Edebiyat 12 Eylül’ü kalben destekledi Osman Akınhay (Söyleşi), Şükrü Argın https://birikimdergisi.com/guncel/242/sukru-argin-ile-soylesi-edebiyat-12-eylul-u-kalben-destekledi</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aslan, E. (2019). Makine çevirisi. Hiperlink.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brierre, J. D. (2019). Milan Kundera une vie d’écrivaine, Edition Ecriture.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Brierre, J. D. (2022). Bir yazarın hayatı: Milan Kundera, (çev. Osman Akınhay). Agora.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Briva-Iglesias, V. (2024). Fostering human-centered, augmented machine translation: Analysing interactive post-editing (Doctoral dissertation, Dublin City University).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Briva-Iglesias, V., O’Brien, S., &amp; Cowan, B. R. (2023). The impact of traditional and interactive post-editing on machine translation user experience, quality, and productivity. Translation, Cognition &amp; Behavior, 6(1), 60-86.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çevik, B. İ. (2019). Osman Akınhay, Türk Edebiyatı İsimler Sözlüğü, Ahmet Yesevi Üniversitesi, Retrieved August 22, 2025, https://teis.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/akinhay-osman</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dalmış, E., &amp; Yıldız, M. (2025). Makine çevirisinin sınırları: Edebi metin türünde makine çevirisi kalite analizi. Uluslararası Dil Edebiyat Ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 314-326. https://doi.org/10.37999/udekad.1627217</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Halktv (August 3, 2022). Google çeviri kullanarak Fransızcadan Türkçeye… Osman Akınhay: Kendime meydan okudum! [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CrDey_uFXL0</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (1990). Şaka, (çev. Zehra Gençosman)., Can Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1965).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (1998). Gülüşün ve Unutuşun Kitabı, (çev. Erhan Bener). Can Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1987).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (2011). Ayrılık Valsi, (çev. Aydın Emeç)., Can Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1976).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (2012). Roman Sanatı, (çev. Aysel Bora)., Can Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1986).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (2014). Yaşam Başka Yerde, (çev. Levent Kayaalp)., İletişim Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1973).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (2014). Varolmanın Dayanılmaz Hafifliği, (çev. Fatih Özgüven). İletişim Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1984).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kundera, M. (1995). Saptırılmış Vasiyetler, (çev. Özdemir İnce)., Can Yayınları. (The original text was published in 1993).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Le Grand Robert (2017). Le Grand Robert de la Langue Française, Version numérique, SEJER.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lommel, A. R., Burchardt, A., &amp; Uszkoreit, H. (2013). Multidimensional quality metrics: a flexible system for assessing translation quality. In Proceedings of Translating and the Computer 35. https://aclanthology.org/2013.tc-1.6</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lommel, A. (2019, April 12). MQM Top Level (2019-04-11). World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). https://www.w3.org/community/mqmcg/mqm-top-level-2019-04-11</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Melby, A. K. (2018). Human and machine translation quality: Definable? Achievable? Desirable. In LACUS Forum (Vol. 39, pp. 1-29), https://www.ttt.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/2024-08-19download-LACUS2012-melby-formatted-v9h2018-1.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research &amp; evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pekcoşkun Güner, S. (2023). Çevirmen-bilgisayar etkileşiminin kilit bileşeni: Doğal dil işleme. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Uluslararası Filoloji Ve Çeviribilim Dergisi, 5(1), 56-79. https://doi.org/10.55036/ufced.1306746</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shneiderman, B. (2020a). Human-centered artificial intelligence: Three fresh ideas. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 12(3), 109-124. https://doi.org/10.17705/1thci. 00131</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shneiderman, B. (2020b). Human-centered AI: Computer scientists should build devices to enhance and empower–not replace–humans. Issues in Science and Technology, 37, 56-61.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shneiderman, B. (2020c). Design lessons from AI’s two grand goals: Human emulation and useful applications. IEEE Transactions on Technology and Society, 1(2), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2020.2992669</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şahin, M. (2023). Yapay çeviri. Çeviribilim Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şahin, M., &amp; Gürses, Ş., (2019). Would MT kill creativity in literary retranslation? In Proceedings of the Qualities of Literary Machine Translation, 26-34. European Association for Machine Translation. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-7304</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zouinar, M. (2020). Évolutions de l’Intelligence Artificielle: quels enjeux pour l’activité humaine et la relation Humain Machine au travail? Activités, 17(1), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.4000/activites.4941</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
