Endless Becoming: Identity Formation in Michèle Roberts’ Flesh and Blood
Abstract
Working with a Chinese box narrative structure,
Michèle Roberts creates a set of embedded stories in her 1994 novel, Flesh and Blood that would seem like a
loose collage of unrelated stories of women at first sight, but are actually
interwoven by the novel’s protagonist, Frederica Stonehouse. The multitude of
histories responds to a variety of needs: personal, cultural, social or
religious, all alluding to the narratable self and its desire for recognition
and change. Roberts offers an alternative account of the Cartesian subject by
introducing Frederica’s character as an ‘agentic subject’ who embarks on a
psychological journey and moves freely through different identities. The
plurality of voices presented in the text alludes to the fragmented and
contextual nature of the self and shows how a contingent identity is able to
escape the notion of a single and stable meaning in a literary narration. The
endlessness of the embedded cyclic narration and its explicit function as a
force of transformation allows Frederica to become able to eventually re-invent
herself, find self-recognition and to formulate herself in her own terms, even
if only temporarily. By utilising recognition theory and focusing primarily on
Axel Honneth’s critical social theory of recognition and idea of autonomy, I
investigate the ways in which particular characters express their expectations
for appropriate levels of recognition. In choosing to weave my paper around the
histories of specific characters—namely, the protagonist Frederica, who
journeys from daughterhood into motherhood, and the late nineteenth-century
painter character of the embedded stories, Georgina, whose story most
powerfully portrays a struggle against social subordination—I wish to examine
how the characters face struggles between social obligations, family roles, and
individual desires and scrutinise the means by which the text questions a
fixed, stable, and homogeneous identity. Roberts’s fluid view of the self
emphasises the fact that we, as human beings, are formed through multiple
discourses of identity and always in-process, devoid of a complete inner,
secure or authentic self.
References
- Anderson, Sybol C. Hegel’s Theory of Recognition: From Oppression to Ethical Liberal Modernity. Continuum, 2009.
- Baur, Michael, and Frederick Neuhouser. Fichte: Foundations of Natural Right. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- Butler, Judith. Undoing Gender, Routledge, 2004.
- Campbell, Kirsten. Jacques Lacan and Feminist Epistemology. Routledge, 2004.
- Castle, Terry. Masquerade and Civilization, Stanford University Press, 1987.
- Cixous, Hélène, and Jacques Derrida. Stigmata: Escaping Texts. Routledge, 2010.
- Condra, Jill. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Clothing through World History: Volume 3. Greenwood Press, 2008.
- Jacobus, Lee A. Helene Cixous: Critical Impressions. Gordon and Breach, 1999.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Krisztina Kitti Tóth
*
This is me
0000-0002-7750-531X
Hungary
Publication Date
June 30, 2019
Submission Date
May 31, 2019
Acceptance Date
June 27, 2019
Published in Issue
Year 2019 Volume: 13 Number: 1