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Recasting Africanness: Ignatius Sancho and the Question of Identity

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 50 - 61, 30.06.2019

Abstract

The prejudice against blacks, a designation which in eighteenth-century British context describes all non-white people, including people from India, Africa, and the Caribbean, is what I tag Africanness. Africanness describes the supposed inferiority of black races. It was the predominant ideology in eighteenth-century Britain that blacks are immoral and unrefined people who lack mental abilities. In Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African, Ignatius Sancho, demonstrates his education, his Christianity, his morality, and many other traits that contradict what most Europeans assumed “Negurs” (128) to be. Caught between identities—African, slave, immigrant, Briton—Sancho represents an insider-outsider observer of British culture and literature. This paper focuses on Sancho’s demonstration of refinement and intelligence as factors that strategically situate him as a man who defines, belies and redefines Africanness to his society, setting the stage for the anti-racism discourse that followed his death. 

References

  • Carey, Brycchan. “‘The Hellish Means of Killing and Kidnapping’: Ignatius Sancho and the Campaign against the ‘Abominable Traffic for Slaves.’” Discourses of Slavery and Abolition: Britain and Its Colonies, 1760-1838. Edited by Brycchan Carey, Markaman Ellis, and Sarah Salih, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
  • Carretta, Vincent. “Three West Indian Writers of the 1780s Revisited and Revised.” Research in African Literature, vol. 29, no. 4, 1998, pp. 73-87.
  • Ellis, Markman. “Ignatius Sancho’s Letters: Sentimental Libertinism and the Politics of Form.” Genius in Bondage: Literature of the Early Black Atlantic, Edited by Vincent Carretta and Philip Gould, UP of Kentucky, 2001, pp. 199-217.
  • Griffiths, Ralph, and G. E Griffiths. The Monthly Review, Or, Literary Journal. vol. 68, 1783.
  • Jekyll, Joseph. “The Life of Ignatius Sancho.” Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African, Nichols, 1782.
  • Sancho, Ignatius. The Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African. Edited by Vincent Carretta, Broadview Editions, 2015.
  • Shakespeare, William. Othello. Penguin, 2005. The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, 1998.

Afrikalılığın Yeniden Tanımı: Ignatius Sancho ve Kimlik Problemi

Year 2019, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 50 - 61, 30.06.2019

Abstract

On sekizinci yüzyıl Britanya şartlarında Hindistan, Afrika ve Karayipler’i de içeren tüm beyaz olmayan, siyahi ırklara yöneltilen önyargıyı Afrikalılık olarak tanımlayabiliriz. Afrikalılık siyahi ırkların beyazlardan daha aşağıda görülme varsayımını ifade eder. On sekizinci yüzyıl Britanyası’nda hâkim olan bu ideoloji siyahileri ahlaki ve zihinsel açılardan yetersiz ilkel varlıklar olarak görür. Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African, adlı eserde Ignatius Sancho, çoğu Avrupalı’nın onu “Negurs” olarak aşağılamasıyla çelişen eğitimi, Hristiyanlığı, ahlaklı oluşu gibi birçok kişisel özelliğini yansıtır (128). Afrikalı, köle, mülteci, Briton kimlikleri arasında sıkışan Sancho, Britanya kültürü ve edebiyatını içerden-dışardan gözlemleyen bir bakış açısı sunar. Bu çalışma, Sancho’nun, kendi kültürüne Afrikalılık kavramını tanımlayan, reddeden ve yeniden tanımlayan ve böylece ölümünün arkasından, ırkçılık karşıtı söylemlere giden yolu açan bir yazar olarak görülmesini sağlayan nezaket ve zekâ gibi kavramları nasıl ele aldığını inceler.

References

  • Carey, Brycchan. “‘The Hellish Means of Killing and Kidnapping’: Ignatius Sancho and the Campaign against the ‘Abominable Traffic for Slaves.’” Discourses of Slavery and Abolition: Britain and Its Colonies, 1760-1838. Edited by Brycchan Carey, Markaman Ellis, and Sarah Salih, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
  • Carretta, Vincent. “Three West Indian Writers of the 1780s Revisited and Revised.” Research in African Literature, vol. 29, no. 4, 1998, pp. 73-87.
  • Ellis, Markman. “Ignatius Sancho’s Letters: Sentimental Libertinism and the Politics of Form.” Genius in Bondage: Literature of the Early Black Atlantic, Edited by Vincent Carretta and Philip Gould, UP of Kentucky, 2001, pp. 199-217.
  • Griffiths, Ralph, and G. E Griffiths. The Monthly Review, Or, Literary Journal. vol. 68, 1783.
  • Jekyll, Joseph. “The Life of Ignatius Sancho.” Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African, Nichols, 1782.
  • Sancho, Ignatius. The Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African. Edited by Vincent Carretta, Broadview Editions, 2015.
  • Shakespeare, William. Othello. Penguin, 2005. The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, 1998.
There are 7 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Banjo Olaleye This is me 0000-0003-2943-8252

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Olaleye, B. (2019). Recasting Africanness: Ignatius Sancho and the Question of Identity. Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(1), 50-61.

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