Year 2019,
Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 57 - 64, 22.03.2019
Kadriye Kündeyi
Nuray Küp Aylıkcı
References
- 1. Neumann, M, Kuepper, K. 2009. X-ray spectroscopic techniques are powerful tools for electronic structure investigations of transition metal oxides. Surface Science; 603: 1613–1621.
- 2. Haas, T.W, Grant, J.T, Dooley G.J. 1970. Auger electron spectroscopy of transition metals. Physical Review B; 1: 1449–1459.
- 3. Nemethy, A, Köver, L, Cserny, I, Varga, D, Barna P.B. 1996. The KLL and KLM Auger Spectra of 3d transition metals Z=23–26. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena; 82: 31–40.
- 4. Ursic, M, Kavcic, M, Budnar, M. 2003. Second order radiative contributions in the K1,3 X-ray spectra of 3d transition metals and their dependence on the chemical state of the element. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B; 211: 7–14.
- 5. Ito, Y, Tochio, T, Ohashi, H, Yamashita, M, Fukushima, S, Polasik, M, Slabkowska, K, Syrocki, L, Szymanska, E, Rzadkiewicz, J, Indelicato, P, Marques, J.P, Martins, M.C, Santos, J.P, Parente, F. 2016. K1,2 X-ray linewidths, asymmetry indices, and [KM] shake probabilities in elements Ca to Ge and comparison with theory for Ca, Ti and Ge. Physical Review A; 94: 042506.
- 6. Hölzer, G, Fritsch, M, Deutsch, M, Hartwig, J, Förster, E. 1997. K1,2andK1,3 X-ray emission lines of the 3d transition metals. Physical Review A; 56: 4554.
- 7. Ito, Y, Tochio, T, Oohashi, H, Vlaicu, A.M. 2006. Contribution of the [1s3d] shake process to K1,2 spectra in 3d elements. Radiation Physics and Chemistry; 75: 1534–1537.
- 8. Deutsch M,Hölzer G, Hartwig J, Wolf J, Fritsch M, Förster E, Kand K X-ray emission spectra of copper, Physical Review A 1995,51, 283.
- 9. Sorum, H. 1987. The K1,2 X-ray spectra of the 3d transition metals Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics; 17: 417–425.
- 10. Chantler, C.T, Kinnane, M.N, Su, C.-H, Kimpton, J.A. 2006. Characterization of K spectral profiles for vanadium, component redetermination for scandium, titanium, chromium, and manganese and development of satellite structure for Z=21 to Z=25. Physical Review A;73: 012508.
- 11. Chantler, C.T, Lowe, J.A, Grant, I.P. 2013. High accuracy reconstruction of titanium X-ray emission spectra, including relative intensities, asymmetry and satellites, and ab initio determination of shake magnitudes for transition metals. Journal of Physics B: Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics; 46: 015002.
- 12. Ito, Y, Tochio, T,Yamashita, M, Fukushima, S,Vlaicu, A.M, Syrocki, L, Slabkowska, K, Weder, E, Polasik, M, Sawicka, K, Indelicato, P, Marques, J.P, Sampaio, J.M, Guerra, M, Santos, J.P, Parente, F. 2018. Structure of high resolution K1,3 X-ray emission spectra for the elements from Ca to Ge. Physical Review A; 97: 052505.
- 13. Limandri, S.P, Carreras, A.C, Bonetto, R.D, Trincavelli, J.C. 2010. Ksatellite and forbidden transitions in elements with 12≤Z≤30 induced by electron impact. Physical Review A; 81: 012504.
- 14. Weissmann, R, Koschatzky, R, Schnellhammer, W, Müller, K. 1977. Some Aspects of Auger Electron Spectra of 3d transition metal oxides. Applied Physics; 13: 43–46.
- 15. Aylikci, V, Kahoul, A, Kup Aylikci, N, Tirasoglu, E, Karahan, I.H. 2015. Empirical, semi-empirical and experimental determination of K X-ray fluorescence parameters of some elements in the atomic range 21≤Z≤30. Spectroscopy Letters; 48: 331–342.
- 16. Akman, F. 2016. Experimental values of K to Li sub-shell, K to L, and K to M shell vacancy transfer probabilities for some rare earth elements. Applied Radiation and Isotopes; 115: 295-303.
- 17. Scofield, J.H, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCRL-51326 (1973).
- 18. Scofield, J.H. 1974. Relativistic Hartree-Slater Values for K and L X-Ray Emission Rates. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables; 14: 121–137.
- 19. Krause, M.O., Oliver, J.H. 1979. Natural widths of atomic K and L levels, Kα X‐ray lines and several KLL Auger lines. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data; 8: 329–338.
- 20. Perkins, S. T, Cullen, D. E, Chen, M. H, Hubbell, J.H, Rathkopf, J, Scofield, J.H. 1991. Tables and Graphs of Atomic Subshell Relaxation Data Derived from the LLNL Evaluated Atomic Data Library Z=1-100. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report; UCRL 50400, vol. 30: Livermore.
- 21. Campbell, J.L, Papp, T. 2001. Widths of the atomic K–N7 levels. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables; 77: 1–56.
- 22. Kup Aylikci, N, Tirasoglu, E, Karahan, I, Aylikci, V, Cengiz, E, Apaydin, G. 2010. Alloying effect on K shell X-ray fluorescence parameters and radiative Auger ratios of Co and Zn in ZnxCo1-x alloys. Chemical Physics Letters; 484: 368-373.
- 23. Kup Aylikci, N, Tirasoglu, E, Karahan, I, Aylikci, V, Eskil, M, Cengiz, E. 2010. Alloying effect on K X-ray intensity ratios, K X-ray production cross-sections and radiative Auger ratios in superalloys constitute from Al, Ni and Mo elements. Chemical Physics; 377: 100-108.
- 24. Cooper, J.N. 1944. Auger Transitions and Widths of X-Ray Energy Levels. Physical Review; 65: 155.
The Semi-Empirical Determination of K X-ray, KLL Auger Line and L subshell level widths for 3d transition elements at 59.5 keV
Year 2019,
Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 57 - 64, 22.03.2019
Kadriye Kündeyi
Nuray Küp Aylıkcı
Abstract
The emission of X-rays in Ka and KLL Auger energy
regions were analyzed for transition metals by using energy dispersive X-ray
fluorescence (EDXRF) system. To acquire more information in this energy region,
the semi-empirical determination of Ka, Auger line-widths
and the L sub-shell level widths were performed. Since K shell is a core shell
for transition metals and it is not easily be affected by valence shell
electronic distributions, K shell fluorescence yields were used for the
semi-empirical determinations. In the experiment, elemental form of transition
metals were excited by 59.5 keV g-rays from 241Am annular source and the emitted X-ray photons were counted by Ultra-LEGe
detector with a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. The obtained results were
compared with the other studies in the literature
References
- 1. Neumann, M, Kuepper, K. 2009. X-ray spectroscopic techniques are powerful tools for electronic structure investigations of transition metal oxides. Surface Science; 603: 1613–1621.
- 2. Haas, T.W, Grant, J.T, Dooley G.J. 1970. Auger electron spectroscopy of transition metals. Physical Review B; 1: 1449–1459.
- 3. Nemethy, A, Köver, L, Cserny, I, Varga, D, Barna P.B. 1996. The KLL and KLM Auger Spectra of 3d transition metals Z=23–26. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena; 82: 31–40.
- 4. Ursic, M, Kavcic, M, Budnar, M. 2003. Second order radiative contributions in the K1,3 X-ray spectra of 3d transition metals and their dependence on the chemical state of the element. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B; 211: 7–14.
- 5. Ito, Y, Tochio, T, Ohashi, H, Yamashita, M, Fukushima, S, Polasik, M, Slabkowska, K, Syrocki, L, Szymanska, E, Rzadkiewicz, J, Indelicato, P, Marques, J.P, Martins, M.C, Santos, J.P, Parente, F. 2016. K1,2 X-ray linewidths, asymmetry indices, and [KM] shake probabilities in elements Ca to Ge and comparison with theory for Ca, Ti and Ge. Physical Review A; 94: 042506.
- 6. Hölzer, G, Fritsch, M, Deutsch, M, Hartwig, J, Förster, E. 1997. K1,2andK1,3 X-ray emission lines of the 3d transition metals. Physical Review A; 56: 4554.
- 7. Ito, Y, Tochio, T, Oohashi, H, Vlaicu, A.M. 2006. Contribution of the [1s3d] shake process to K1,2 spectra in 3d elements. Radiation Physics and Chemistry; 75: 1534–1537.
- 8. Deutsch M,Hölzer G, Hartwig J, Wolf J, Fritsch M, Förster E, Kand K X-ray emission spectra of copper, Physical Review A 1995,51, 283.
- 9. Sorum, H. 1987. The K1,2 X-ray spectra of the 3d transition metals Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics; 17: 417–425.
- 10. Chantler, C.T, Kinnane, M.N, Su, C.-H, Kimpton, J.A. 2006. Characterization of K spectral profiles for vanadium, component redetermination for scandium, titanium, chromium, and manganese and development of satellite structure for Z=21 to Z=25. Physical Review A;73: 012508.
- 11. Chantler, C.T, Lowe, J.A, Grant, I.P. 2013. High accuracy reconstruction of titanium X-ray emission spectra, including relative intensities, asymmetry and satellites, and ab initio determination of shake magnitudes for transition metals. Journal of Physics B: Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics; 46: 015002.
- 12. Ito, Y, Tochio, T,Yamashita, M, Fukushima, S,Vlaicu, A.M, Syrocki, L, Slabkowska, K, Weder, E, Polasik, M, Sawicka, K, Indelicato, P, Marques, J.P, Sampaio, J.M, Guerra, M, Santos, J.P, Parente, F. 2018. Structure of high resolution K1,3 X-ray emission spectra for the elements from Ca to Ge. Physical Review A; 97: 052505.
- 13. Limandri, S.P, Carreras, A.C, Bonetto, R.D, Trincavelli, J.C. 2010. Ksatellite and forbidden transitions in elements with 12≤Z≤30 induced by electron impact. Physical Review A; 81: 012504.
- 14. Weissmann, R, Koschatzky, R, Schnellhammer, W, Müller, K. 1977. Some Aspects of Auger Electron Spectra of 3d transition metal oxides. Applied Physics; 13: 43–46.
- 15. Aylikci, V, Kahoul, A, Kup Aylikci, N, Tirasoglu, E, Karahan, I.H. 2015. Empirical, semi-empirical and experimental determination of K X-ray fluorescence parameters of some elements in the atomic range 21≤Z≤30. Spectroscopy Letters; 48: 331–342.
- 16. Akman, F. 2016. Experimental values of K to Li sub-shell, K to L, and K to M shell vacancy transfer probabilities for some rare earth elements. Applied Radiation and Isotopes; 115: 295-303.
- 17. Scofield, J.H, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCRL-51326 (1973).
- 18. Scofield, J.H. 1974. Relativistic Hartree-Slater Values for K and L X-Ray Emission Rates. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables; 14: 121–137.
- 19. Krause, M.O., Oliver, J.H. 1979. Natural widths of atomic K and L levels, Kα X‐ray lines and several KLL Auger lines. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data; 8: 329–338.
- 20. Perkins, S. T, Cullen, D. E, Chen, M. H, Hubbell, J.H, Rathkopf, J, Scofield, J.H. 1991. Tables and Graphs of Atomic Subshell Relaxation Data Derived from the LLNL Evaluated Atomic Data Library Z=1-100. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report; UCRL 50400, vol. 30: Livermore.
- 21. Campbell, J.L, Papp, T. 2001. Widths of the atomic K–N7 levels. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables; 77: 1–56.
- 22. Kup Aylikci, N, Tirasoglu, E, Karahan, I, Aylikci, V, Cengiz, E, Apaydin, G. 2010. Alloying effect on K shell X-ray fluorescence parameters and radiative Auger ratios of Co and Zn in ZnxCo1-x alloys. Chemical Physics Letters; 484: 368-373.
- 23. Kup Aylikci, N, Tirasoglu, E, Karahan, I, Aylikci, V, Eskil, M, Cengiz, E. 2010. Alloying effect on K X-ray intensity ratios, K X-ray production cross-sections and radiative Auger ratios in superalloys constitute from Al, Ni and Mo elements. Chemical Physics; 377: 100-108.
- 24. Cooper, J.N. 1944. Auger Transitions and Widths of X-Ray Energy Levels. Physical Review; 65: 155.