A Comprehensive Analysis to Determine the Phytochemical Characteristics of Fraxinus Americana and Fraxinus Excelsior Leaves Extracts: Influence of the Extraction Method

Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 103 - 107, 27.03.2020

Buse Aydoğan Mustafa Cittan Ali Çelik Kenan Dost

Abstract

A comprehensive investigation was carried out to
determine the phytochemical properties of Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus excelsior leaves
extracts. In addition, infusion extraction method using only water as the
extraction solvent and ultrasound-assisted extraction technique were followed
comparatively to extract the phenolic compounds from the leaves to estimate the
efficacy of the traditional hot water infusion method. Initially, total antioxidant capacities, total phenolic contents, and radical
scavenging activities of the extracts were determined. Afterwards, 34 potential
phenolic compounds were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS technique. The paper gives a
comprehensive insight to the literature about the phytochemical properties of Fraxinus americana and Fraxinus excelsior leaves extracts.

Keywords

Oleaceae; Genus Fraxinus; Traditional preparation; Hot water infusion technique; LC-ESI-MS/MS

References

• 1. Ayvaz, MÇ. 2019. Phenolic profile and cholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease and lipid peroxidation inhibition potentials of Artemisia argyi from Ordu, Turkey. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science; 15(1): 29–33.
• 2. Uygun, M, Kilimci, N, Kaya, SK, Yavaş, İ. 2017. Investigation of some chemical and biochemical properties of locally grown Lavandula stoechas. Celal Bayar University Journal of Science; 13(1): 63–69.
• 3. Cittan, M, Koçak, S, Çelik, A, Dost, K. 2016. Determination of oleuropein using multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode by adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry. Talanta; 159: 148–154. 4. Radojković, M, Moreira, MM, Soares, C, Fátima Barroso, M, Cvetanović, A, Švarc-Gajić, J. et al. 2018. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Morus nigra leaves: optimization and characterization of the antioxidant activity and phenolic composition. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology; 93(6): 1684–1693.
• 5. Goltz, C, Ávila, S, Barbieri, JB, Igarashi-Mafra, L, Mafra, MR. 2018. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Macela (Achyrolcine satureioides) extracts. Industrial Crops and Products; 115: 227–234.
• 6. Luo, X, Cui, J, Zhang, H, Duan, Y, Zhang, D, Cai, M. et al. 2018. Ultrasound assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from red sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) bran and their biological activities and polyphenolic compositions. Industrial Crops and Products; 112: 296–304.
• 7. Nipornram, S, Tochampa, W, Rattanatraiwong, P, Singanusong, R. 2018. Optimization of low power ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Sainampueng) peel. Food Chemistry; 241: 338–345.
• 8. Giannuzzo, AN, Boggetti, HJ, Nazareno, MA, Mishima, HT. 2003. Supercritical fluid extraction of naringin from the peel of Citrus paradisi. Phytochemical Analysis; 14(4): 221–223.
• 9. Alvarez, MV, Cabred, S, Ramirez, CL, Fanovich, MA. 2019. Valorization of an agroindustrial soybean residue by supercritical fluid extraction of phytochemical compounds. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids; 143: 90–96.
• 10. Luthria, DL. 2008. Influence of experimental conditions on the extraction of phenolic compounds from parsley (Petroselinum crispum) flakes using a pressurized liquid extractor. Food Chemistry; 107(2): 745–752.
• 11. Toubane, A, Rezzoug, SA, Besombes, C, Daoud, K. 2017. Optimization of Accelerated Solvent Extraction of Carthamus Caeruleus L. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts. Industrial Crops and Products; 97: 620–631.
• 12. Nile, SH, Nile, AS, Keum, YS. 2017. Total phenolics, antioxidant, antitumor, and enzyme inhibitory activity of Indian medicinal and aromatic plants extracted with different extraction methods. 3 Biotech; 7(1): 76.
• 13. Jun, X, Deji, S, Ye, L, Rui, Z. 2011. Comparison of in vitro antioxidant activities and bioactive components of green tea extracts by different extraction methods. International Journal of Pharmaceutics; 408(1–2): 97–101.
• 14. Cittan, M, Çelik, A. 2018. Development and Validation of an Analytical Methodology Based on Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Olive Leaf Extract. Journal of Chromatographic Science; 56(4): 336–343.
• 15. Singleton, VL, Orthofer, R, Lamuela-Raventós, RM. 1999. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in Enzymology; 299: 152–178.
• 16. Apak, R, Güçlü, K, Özyürek, M, Karademir, SE. 2004. Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, Using Their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in the Presence of Neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry; 52(26): 7970–7981.
• 17. Molyneux, P. 2004. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology; 26: 211–219.
• 18. Soler-Rivas, C, Espin, JC, Wichers, HJ. 2000. Oleuropein and related compounds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture; 80(7): 1013–1023.
• 19. Sugiyama, M, Machida, K, Matsuda, N, Kikuchi, M. 1993. A secoiridoid glycoside from Osmanthus asiaticus. Phytochemistry; 34(4): 1169–1170.