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Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices

Year 2014, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 275 - 285, 01.12.2014

Gretchen Geng Leight Disney

Abstract

This article reviewed the literature on parental rearing styles and used responses from an online discussion forum to investigate people’s opinions towards parental rearing styles and strategies when children use hand-held devices. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used as an analysis method via micro, meso and macro multi-level interpretations. The majority of online responses agree that parents’ positive engagement using an authoritative rearing style play an important role in children’s use of hand-held devices, while authoritarian, permissive and uninvolved rearing styles hindered children’s development. Five positive parenting strategies were promoted by online responses, which included accepting technology, managing the use of technology, being responsible for children’s technology choice, setting playing time, and encouraging children to have no-technology time. Educators and parents who are interested in using hand-held devices with children will find this article useful in understanding positive strategies to implement when children use these devices.

Keywords

Hand-held devices Parental rearing style Children Online responses

References

  • Ainsworth, S. & Hardy, C. (2004). Critical discourse analysis and identity: Why bother? Critical Discourse Studies, 1(2), 225-259.
  • Amato, P. R. & Fowler, F. (2002). Parenting practices, child adjustment, and family diversity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 703-716.
  • Aunola, K., Stattin, H., & Nurmi, J. E. (2000). Parenting styles and adolescents’ achievement strategies. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 205-222.
  • Barber, B. K. & Olsen, J. A. (1997). Socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in the family, school, and neighbourhood, and with peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 287-315.
  • Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph, 4(1, Pt.2).
  • Baumrind, D. & Black, A. E. (1967). Socialization practices associated with dimensions of competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 38, 291-327.
  • Berk, L. E. (2009). Child development (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
  • Berk, L. E. (2013). Child development (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
  • Burchina, M., Vandergrift, N., & Pianta, R. (2010). Threshold analysis of association between child care quality and child outcomes for low-income children in pre-kindergarten programs. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 42, 166-176.
  • Chuan, W. W.(2002) Research of elementary children’s computing play behavior, creativity, and loneliness (Unpublished thesis). Child Welfare Department of Wen-hua College.
  • Chuo, M-J. & Lee, H-C. (2012). The application of the iPad on children’s play-based brain science theory, the International Journal of Organisational Innovation, 5(1), 296-308.
  • Cipriano, E. A. & Stifter, C. A. (2010). Predicting preschool effortful control from toddler temperament and parenting behavior. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 221-230.
  • Colker, L., J. (2011). Technology and learning what early childhood educators have to say. Teaching Young Children, 4(3), 25-27.
  • Disney, L., Barnes, A., McDowall, J., & Geng, G. (2013, November). Observation of children’s engagement when playing iPads, Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE2013, pp. 602-607). Bali, Indonesia.
  • Ebbeck, M. & Waniganayake, M. (2010). Perspectives on play in a changing world. In M. Ebbeck & M. Waniganayake (Eds.), Play in early childhood education: Learning in diverse contexts (pp. 5-25). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
  • Fairclough, N. (2001). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis. London, UK: Sage.
  • Gonzalez, A.-L. , & Wolters, C.A. (2006). The relation between perceived parenting practices and achievement motivation in mathematics. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 21, 203-217.
  • Gonzalez-Mena, J. (2008). Foundations of early childhood education: Teaching children in a diverse society (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Gray, M. R. & Steinberg, L. D. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 574-587.
  • Habermas, J. (1990). Moral consciousness and communicative action (Trans. C. Lendart & S. W. Nicholson). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hart, C. H., Newell, L. D., & Olsen, S. F. (2003). Parenting skills and social-communicative competence in childhood. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 753-797). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Henderson, R. (2005). A Faircloughian approach to CDA: principled eclecticism or a method searching for a theory? Melbourne Studies in Education, 46(2), 9-24.
  • Kakihara, F. Tilton-Weaver, L., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2010). The relationship of parental control to youth adjustment: Do youths’ feelings about their parents play a role? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1442-1456.
  • Kleopatra, N. (2009). Early childhood educational software: Specific features and issues of localization. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(2), 173-179.
  • Knight, K. & Hunger, C. (2013). Using technology in service delivery to families, children and young people. Child Family Community Australia Paper No 17. Retrieved on 10 July 2014 from http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/AIFS_UsingTechnologyInServiceDeliveryTo FamiliesChildrenAndYoungPeople_Nov_2013.pdf
  • Kochanska, G., Philibert. R. A., & Barry, R. A. (2009). Interplay of genes and early mother-child relationship in the development of self-regulation from toddler to preschool age. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1331-1338.
  • Kuzynski, L.(2003). Beyond bidirectionality. In L. Kuzynski (Ed.), Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations (pp. 3-24). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kuzynski, L. & lollis, S. (2002). Four foundations for a dynamic model of parenting. In J. R. M. Gerris (Eds.), Dynamics of parenting. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K.A. (2003). Parents’ monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents’ delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences. Child Development, 74, 752-768.
  • Lamb, M. E. & Ahnert, L. (2006). Nonparental child care: Context, concepts, correlates, and consequences. In K. A. Renninger & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 4. Child psychology in practice (96th ed., pp. 700-778). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Lim, M.-Y. S. (2010). Reconsidering the play-work dichotomy in pedagogy. In M. Ebbeck & M. Waniganayake (Eds.), Play in early childhood education: Learning in diverse contexts (pp. 141-156). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
  • Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression, and life satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 39-47.
  • Nelson, D. A., Hart, C. H., Yang, C., Olsen, J.A., & Jin, S. (2006). Aversive parenting in China: Associations with child physical and relational regression. Child Development, 77, 554- 572.
  • Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008). Born digital: Understanding the first generation of digital natives. New York: Basic Books.
  • Richards, J. E. (2008). Attention in young infants: A developmental psychophysiological perspective. In C. A. Nelson & M. Luciana (Eds.), Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience (2nd ed., pp. 479-497). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Rubin, K. H.& Burgess, K. B. (2002). Parents of aggressive and withdrawn children. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 383-418). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Russell, A., Mize, J., & Bissaker, K. (2004). Parent-child relationships. In P.K. Smith & C.H. Hart (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of childhood social development (pp. 204-222). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Schroeder, R. D., Bulanda, R. E., Giordano, P. C., & Cernkovich, S. A. (2010). Parenting and adult criminality: An examination of direct and indirect effects by race. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25, 64-98.
  • Scott, J. (August 11, 2014). Comment: Parenting while distracted. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 21 August 2014 from http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/08/11/comment- parenting-while-distracted
  • Steinberg, L. Blatt-Eisengart, I., & Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes: A replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 47-58.
  • Stewart, D. W. (2006). Generational mentoring. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 37(3), 113-120.
  • Tamatea, L. (2008). If robots R-US, who am I: Online “christian’ responses to artificial intelligence. Culture and Religion: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 141-160.
  • Tamatea, L. (2010). Artificial intelligence, networks, and spirituality. Zygon, 45(4), 979-1002.
  • Thompson, A., Hollis, C., & Richards, D. (2003). Authoritarian parenting attitudes as a risk for conduct problems: Results of a British national cohort study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 84-91.
  • Wodak, R. (2001). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London, UK. Sage.
  • Correspondence: Gretchen Geng, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, Charles Darwin
  • University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

Year 2014, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 275 - 285, 01.12.2014

Gretchen Geng Leight Disney

Abstract

References

  • Ainsworth, S. & Hardy, C. (2004). Critical discourse analysis and identity: Why bother? Critical Discourse Studies, 1(2), 225-259.
  • Amato, P. R. & Fowler, F. (2002). Parenting practices, child adjustment, and family diversity. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 703-716.
  • Aunola, K., Stattin, H., & Nurmi, J. E. (2000). Parenting styles and adolescents’ achievement strategies. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 205-222.
  • Barber, B. K. & Olsen, J. A. (1997). Socialization in context: Connection, regulation, and autonomy in the family, school, and neighbourhood, and with peers. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 287-315.
  • Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph, 4(1, Pt.2).
  • Baumrind, D. & Black, A. E. (1967). Socialization practices associated with dimensions of competence in preschool boys and girls. Child Development, 38, 291-327.
  • Berk, L. E. (2009). Child development (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
  • Berk, L. E. (2013). Child development (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon.
  • Burchina, M., Vandergrift, N., & Pianta, R. (2010). Threshold analysis of association between child care quality and child outcomes for low-income children in pre-kindergarten programs. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 42, 166-176.
  • Chuan, W. W.(2002) Research of elementary children’s computing play behavior, creativity, and loneliness (Unpublished thesis). Child Welfare Department of Wen-hua College.
  • Chuo, M-J. & Lee, H-C. (2012). The application of the iPad on children’s play-based brain science theory, the International Journal of Organisational Innovation, 5(1), 296-308.
  • Cipriano, E. A. & Stifter, C. A. (2010). Predicting preschool effortful control from toddler temperament and parenting behavior. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31, 221-230.
  • Colker, L., J. (2011). Technology and learning what early childhood educators have to say. Teaching Young Children, 4(3), 25-27.
  • Disney, L., Barnes, A., McDowall, J., & Geng, G. (2013, November). Observation of children’s engagement when playing iPads, Proceedings of 21st International Conference on Computers in Education (ICCE2013, pp. 602-607). Bali, Indonesia.
  • Ebbeck, M. & Waniganayake, M. (2010). Perspectives on play in a changing world. In M. Ebbeck & M. Waniganayake (Eds.), Play in early childhood education: Learning in diverse contexts (pp. 5-25). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
  • Fairclough, N. (2001). Critical discourse analysis as a method in social scientific research. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of critical discourse analysis. London, UK: Sage.
  • Gonzalez, A.-L. , & Wolters, C.A. (2006). The relation between perceived parenting practices and achievement motivation in mathematics. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 21, 203-217.
  • Gonzalez-Mena, J. (2008). Foundations of early childhood education: Teaching children in a diverse society (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Gray, M. R. & Steinberg, L. D. (1999). Unpacking authoritative parenting: Reassessing a multidimensional construct. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 574-587.
  • Habermas, J. (1990). Moral consciousness and communicative action (Trans. C. Lendart & S. W. Nicholson). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Hart, C. H., Newell, L. D., & Olsen, S. F. (2003). Parenting skills and social-communicative competence in childhood. In J. O. Greene & B. R. Burleson (Eds.), Handbook of communication and social interaction skills (pp. 753-797). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Henderson, R. (2005). A Faircloughian approach to CDA: principled eclecticism or a method searching for a theory? Melbourne Studies in Education, 46(2), 9-24.
  • Kakihara, F. Tilton-Weaver, L., Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2010). The relationship of parental control to youth adjustment: Do youths’ feelings about their parents play a role? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39, 1442-1456.
  • Kleopatra, N. (2009). Early childhood educational software: Specific features and issues of localization. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(2), 173-179.
  • Knight, K. & Hunger, C. (2013). Using technology in service delivery to families, children and young people. Child Family Community Australia Paper No 17. Retrieved on 10 July 2014 from http://apo.org.au/files/Resource/AIFS_UsingTechnologyInServiceDeliveryTo FamiliesChildrenAndYoungPeople_Nov_2013.pdf
  • Kochanska, G., Philibert. R. A., & Barry, R. A. (2009). Interplay of genes and early mother-child relationship in the development of self-regulation from toddler to preschool age. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1331-1338.
  • Kuzynski, L.(2003). Beyond bidirectionality. In L. Kuzynski (Ed.), Handbook of dynamics in parent-child relations (pp. 3-24). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Kuzynski, L. & lollis, S. (2002). Four foundations for a dynamic model of parenting. In J. R. M. Gerris (Eds.), Dynamics of parenting. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Dodge, K.A. (2003). Parents’ monitoring-relevant knowledge and adolescents’ delinquent behavior: Evidence of correlated developmental changes and reciprocal influences. Child Development, 74, 752-768.
  • Lamb, M. E. & Ahnert, L. (2006). Nonparental child care: Context, concepts, correlates, and consequences. In K. A. Renninger & I. E. Sigel (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol 4. Child psychology in practice (96th ed., pp. 700-778). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • Lim, M.-Y. S. (2010). Reconsidering the play-work dichotomy in pedagogy. In M. Ebbeck & M. Waniganayake (Eds.), Play in early childhood education: Learning in diverse contexts (pp. 141-156). South Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
  • Milevsky, A., Schlechter, M., Netter, S., & Keehn, D. (2007). Maternal and paternal parenting styles in adolescents: Associations with self-esteem, depression, and life satisfaction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16, 39-47.
  • Nelson, D. A., Hart, C. H., Yang, C., Olsen, J.A., & Jin, S. (2006). Aversive parenting in China: Associations with child physical and relational regression. Child Development, 77, 554- 572.
  • Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008). Born digital: Understanding the first generation of digital natives. New York: Basic Books.
  • Richards, J. E. (2008). Attention in young infants: A developmental psychophysiological perspective. In C. A. Nelson & M. Luciana (Eds.), Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience (2nd ed., pp. 479-497). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Rubin, K. H.& Burgess, K. B. (2002). Parents of aggressive and withdrawn children. In M. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting (2nd ed., pp. 383-418). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Russell, A., Mize, J., & Bissaker, K. (2004). Parent-child relationships. In P.K. Smith & C.H. Hart (Eds.), Blackwell handbook of childhood social development (pp. 204-222). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Schroeder, R. D., Bulanda, R. E., Giordano, P. C., & Cernkovich, S. A. (2010). Parenting and adult criminality: An examination of direct and indirect effects by race. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25, 64-98.
  • Scott, J. (August 11, 2014). Comment: Parenting while distracted. The Washington Post. Retrieved on 21 August 2014 from http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/08/11/comment- parenting-while-distracted
  • Steinberg, L. Blatt-Eisengart, I., & Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes: A replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16, 47-58.
  • Stewart, D. W. (2006). Generational mentoring. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 37(3), 113-120.
  • Tamatea, L. (2008). If robots R-US, who am I: Online “christian’ responses to artificial intelligence. Culture and Religion: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 141-160.
  • Tamatea, L. (2010). Artificial intelligence, networks, and spirituality. Zygon, 45(4), 979-1002.
  • Thompson, A., Hollis, C., & Richards, D. (2003). Authoritarian parenting attitudes as a risk for conduct problems: Results of a British national cohort study. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 84-91.
  • Wodak, R. (2001). Methods of critical discourse analysis. London, UK. Sage.
  • Correspondence: Gretchen Geng, Senior Lecturer, School of Education, Charles Darwin
  • University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA33RM27YS
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gretchen Geng This is me

Leight Disney This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 5 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Geng, G., & Disney, L. (2014). Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices. Contemporary Educational Technology, 5(4), 275-285.
AMA Geng G, Disney L. Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices. Contemporary Educational Technology. December 2014;5(4):275-285.
Chicago Geng, Gretchen, and Leight Disney. “Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-Held Devices”. Contemporary Educational Technology 5, no. 4 (December 2014): 275-85.
EndNote Geng G, Disney L (December 1, 2014) Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices. Contemporary Educational Technology 5 4 275–285.
IEEE G. Geng and L. Disney, “Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices”, Contemporary Educational Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 275–285, 2014.
ISNAD Geng, Gretchen - Disney, Leight. “Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-Held Devices”. Contemporary Educational Technology 5/4 (December 2014), 275-285.
JAMA Geng G, Disney L. Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices. Contemporary Educational Technology. 2014;5:275–285.
MLA Geng, Gretchen and Leight Disney. “Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-Held Devices”. Contemporary Educational Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, 2014, pp. 275-8.
Vancouver Geng G, Disney L. Online Responses towards Parental Rearing Styles Regarding Hand-held Devices. Contemporary Educational Technology. 2014;5(4):275-8.