DNA izolasyonu, PCR ve Jel Elektroforezi Tekniklerinin Biyoloji Öğretim Programı, Ders Kitapları ve Üniversiteye Giriş Sınavlarındaki Varlığı ve Ele Alınışı: Biyoteknolojinin Hızına Ayak Uydurabiliyor muyuz?

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 1048 - 1065, 26.12.2023

Serap Öz Aydın Nazlı Ruya Taşkın Bedizel

https://doi.org/10.30703/cije.1282491

Abstract

Biyoteknolojinin temel uygulamalarını anlamak, GDO’lar, adli bilim, biyoinformatik ve COVID-19 pandemisi ile ilgili zorluklara etkili bir şekilde yanıt vermek için son derece önemlidir, bu durum biyoteknoloji eğitiminin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Buna göre, bu çalışma biyoteknolojik tekniklerin (DNA izolasyonu, PCR ve Jel Elektroforezi) biyoloji öğretim programları, biyoloji ders kitapları ve üniversite yerleştirme sınavlarındaki durumunu incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, nitel durum çalışması araştırma yaklaşımı izlenen bir doküman incelemesi çalışması olarak tasarlanmıştır. 2013 (BP-2013) ve 2018 (BP-2018 ve FBP-2018) Biyoloji Öğretim Programları, ilişkili Biyoloji Ders Kitapları ve Üniversiteye Giriş Sınavlarında (TYT-AYT) (2016-2022) yer alan biyoloji soruları incelenmiştir. BP ve FBP ile ilgili bulgular biyoteknolojik tekniklerin sadece FBP-2018’in kazanım açıklamalarında yer aldığını göstermiştir. Ders kitapları ile ilgili bulgular ise, PCR ve Jel elektroforezini içerdiklerini ancak DNA izolasyonunu içermediklerini ve içeriğin ders kitabı inceleme kriterlerine göre bazı problemler bulundurduğunu göstermiştir. TYT ve AYT’ nin incelenmesi ise biyoteknolojik teknikleri veya soruya doğru yanıt verebilmek için biyoteknolojik tekniklerin bilinmesini gerektiren herhangi bir sorunun bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma, temel biyoteknoloji tekniklerinin mevcut durumuyla ilgili sorunları ve programların, ders kitaplarının ve üniversiteye giriş sınavlarının biyoteknolojinin hızına ayak uydurmakta zorlandığını vurgulamaktadır. Araştırma, biyoloji öğretim programlarının ve bağlantılı ders kitaplarının biyoteknolojik teknikler açısından güncellenmesini ve bilimsel hatalardan kaçınacak şekilde bir bütünlük içerisinde düzenlenmesini önermektedir. Ayrıca üniversite yerleştirme sınavlarındaki soruların, günümüz biyoteknolojisinin zorlukları ve ilerlemeleriyle ilgili daha fazla soruyu içerecek şekilde gözden geçirilmesini de önermektedir.

Keywords

Biyoloji öğretim programı, biyoloji ders kitapları, üniversiteye giriş sınavları, biyoteknolojik teknikler, DNA izolasyonu, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR), jel elektroforezi

The Presence and Treatment of DNA isolation, PCR and Gel Electrophoresis Techniques in Biology Curricula, Textbooks and University Placement Exams: Are We Keeping up with the Pace of Biotechnology?

Abstract

Understanding the basic applications of biotechnology is important in order to respond effectively to challenges related to GMOs, forensic science, bioinformatics, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlights the importance of biotechnology education. This study aimed to examine the presence and treatment of biotechnological techniques (DNA isolation, PCR, and Gel Electrophoresis) in biology curricula, aligned biology textbooks, and university placement exams). The study adopted a qualitative case study approach, employing a document analysis method. The researchers used Turkish National Biology Curriculum published in 2013 (BC-2013) and 2018 (BC-2018 and SBC-2018), curricula aligned Biology Textbooks, and University Placement Biology Exam Questions (2016-2022) as documents. The findings, regarding the examination of BC and SBC, showed that the basic biotechnological methods were only included in the explanations of the SBC-2018. Regarding the textbooks, the findings highlighted that 12nd grade textbooks included PCR and Gel Electrophoresis but not DNA isolation. Contents of these textbooks revealed some issues when examined in terms of textbook examination criteria. The biology questions in the university placement exams showed that they did not include biotechnological techniques or did not require knowledge of these techniques to choose the right option. This research highlighted the challenges related to the current state of basic biotechnology techniques and emphasized that curricula, aligned textbooks, and university entrance exams struggled to keep up with the pace of biotechnology. The study suggests updating biology curricula and aligned textbooks in terms biotechnological techniques and organizing them coherently to avoid scientific inaccuracies. It also suggests that the questions on university placement exams be revised to include more questions related to present-day biotechnology challenges and advancements.

Keywords

biology curriculum, biology tetbooks, university placement exams, biotechnological techniques, DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoresis

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