Abstract
The Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations is part of the
“Routledge Handbooks on Political Ideologies, Practices, and Interpretations”
series, and has been written by two authors and various contributors. The main
author is Jonathan Leader Maynard, a lecturer at King's College London, one of
the 10 leading universities in the United Kingdom, and the second author is
Professor Mark L. Haas, a lecturer at Duquesne University in the United States.
In the book, which examines the effect of ideology on international relations, both
authors critically address the issues of ideological polarization, ideological
disagreements, and conflicts of interest between countries in foreign policy
matters. The content of the book comprises four main chapters. The first chapter
analyses the relationship between ideology, nation, and state; the second
addresses the issues of ideology and conflict; the third reviews the transnational
dimension of ideology; and the final presents an evaluation of the ideological
strategies and transnational relations of such countries and regions as India, Latin
America, Central Asia, China, Africa, Russia, United States, Europe and the
European Union and South Korea.
The term "ideology", when used in the fields of political science and social
philosophy, refers to the sum of the behaviors displayed in the political and social
realms. The concept first emerged during the French Revolution, when it was
used to distinguish between conservatives, reformers, revolutionaries, and
cjas.kapadokya.edu.tr
Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies (CJAS) 2023, vol. 5, no.1 73
opponents, and in time further differentiations emerged in the forms of
nationalism, fascism, Nazism, liberalism, and Marxism. The ultimate goal of all
these ideologies is the legitimization and definition of power, exemplified by
Germany’s adoption of Nazism, Italy’s turn to fascism during World War II, and
Russia’s socialist and communist regime, as the first examples that come to mind
when ideologies are mentioned.
At this time, in the face of the situation that emerged as a result of the Karl
Max philosophy, the influence of socialism to Russia on large masses of people,
youth movements, etc., during the Cold War period, the imperialist powers,
under the umbrella of NATO and in almost all NATO-affiliated countries,
conducted, according to some, counter-guerrilla operations in order to prevent
the influence of communism.
The ideology of a society is one of the most important factors in its makeup.
As a society’s beliefs, lifestyles, economic products, etc. are deemed acceptable
by the majority, the ideology is a construct of the totality, although it is also
determined by the state and international relations. This can be considered a form
of hegemony. According to famous French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser,
"the ideological apparatus of the state" can be considered a tool for the
legitimization of the ideology. In this context, the most important element that
constitutes the whole of society, in other words, the state, is the prevalent
ideology, as it is ideology that creates politics. For example, Edmund Burke
defined the conservative agenda as the promotion of “change in order to
conserve”, which I believe to be correct. In the United Kingdom in the 19th
century, social reforms first took the form of paternalistic prohibitions. When we
come to the 1950s, we see the politics of the Conservative Party in the United
Kingdom. However, the social order has changed, but with care taken to preserve
the history and traditions of the past. such as the preservation of a hierarchy in
society. Another example worth mentioning is the ideology of liberalism
advocated by John Locke, the reflection on the United States of which can be
interpreted as an adoption of laissez-faire economic policies and freedom for all.
Evidence of this can be found in the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776
by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman.
Ideology itself creates policy, as people want to be connected to the common
history, religion, and past of society, and this list can be extended with examples
of vital movements of people or societies, such as voting and following fashion,
being able to watch any movie, asking the fate of taxes paid, freedom to travel,
opposing or being able to oppose various specified or imposed conditions,
objecting to false awareness everything that the effect of ideology. An ideology
is a system of various mechanisms of social life that regulate society's vital
74 Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies (CJAS) 2023, vol. 5, no.1
practices through various norms and relations. It represents a structure that
includes both interior and exterior planning. These exterior planning plans start
with the smallest scale in society, being the family, but are global in scale.
Keywords
Abstract
The Routledge Handbook of Ideology and International Relations is part of the
“Routledge Handbooks on Political Ideologies, Practices, and Interpretations”
series, and has been written by two authors and various contributors. The main
author is Jonathan Leader Maynard, a lecturer at King's College London, one of
the 10 leading universities in the United Kingdom, and the second author is
Professor Mark L. Haas, a lecturer at Duquesne University in the United States.
In the book, which examines the effect of ideology on international relations, both
authors critically address the issues of ideological polarization, ideological
disagreements, and conflicts of interest between countries in foreign policy
matters. The content of the book comprises four main chapters. The first chapter
analyses the relationship between ideology, nation, and state; the second
addresses the issues of ideology and conflict; the third reviews the transnational
dimension of ideology; and the final presents an evaluation of the ideological
strategies and transnational relations of such countries and regions as India, Latin
America, Central Asia, China, Africa, Russia, United States, Europe and the
European Union and South Korea.
The term "ideology", when used in the fields of political science and social
philosophy, refers to the sum of the behaviors displayed in the political and social
realms. The concept first emerged during the French Revolution, when it was
used to distinguish between conservatives, reformers, revolutionaries, and
cjas.kapadokya.edu.tr
Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies (CJAS) 2023, vol. 5, no.1 73
opponents, and in time further differentiations emerged in the forms of
nationalism, fascism, Nazism, liberalism, and Marxism. The ultimate goal of all
these ideologies is the legitimization and definition of power, exemplified by
Germany’s adoption of Nazism, Italy’s turn to fascism during World War II, and
Russia’s socialist and communist regime, as the first examples that come to mind
when ideologies are mentioned.
At this time, in the face of the situation that emerged as a result of the Karl
Max philosophy, the influence of socialism to Russia on large masses of people,
youth movements, etc., during the Cold War period, the imperialist powers,
under the umbrella of NATO and in almost all NATO-affiliated countries,
conducted, according to some, counter-guerrilla operations in order to prevent
the influence of communism.
The ideology of a society is one of the most important factors in its makeup.
As a society’s beliefs, lifestyles, economic products, etc. are deemed acceptable
by the majority, the ideology is a construct of the totality, although it is also
determined by the state and international relations. This can be considered a form
of hegemony. According to famous French Marxist philosopher Louis Althusser,
"the ideological apparatus of the state" can be considered a tool for the
legitimization of the ideology. In this context, the most important element that
constitutes the whole of society, in other words, the state, is the prevalent
ideology, as it is ideology that creates politics. For example, Edmund Burke
defined the conservative agenda as the promotion of “change in order to
conserve”, which I believe to be correct. In the United Kingdom in the 19th
century, social reforms first took the form of paternalistic prohibitions. When we
come to the 1950s, we see the politics of the Conservative Party in the United
Kingdom. However, the social order has changed, but with care taken to preserve
the history and traditions of the past. such as the preservation of a hierarchy in
society. Another example worth mentioning is the ideology of liberalism
advocated by John Locke, the reflection on the United States of which can be
interpreted as an adoption of laissez-faire economic policies and freedom for all.
Evidence of this can be found in the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776
by Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman.
Ideology itself creates policy, as people want to be connected to the common
history, religion, and past of society, and this list can be extended with examples
of vital movements of people or societies, such as voting and following fashion,
being able to watch any movie, asking the fate of taxes paid, freedom to travel,
opposing or being able to oppose various specified or imposed conditions,
objecting to false awareness everything that the effect of ideology. An ideology
is a system of various mechanisms of social life that regulate society's vital
74 Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies (CJAS) 2023, vol. 5, no.1
practices through various norms and relations. It represents a structure that
includes both interior and exterior planning. These exterior planning plans start
with the smallest scale in society, being the family, but are global in scale.
Keywords
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Regional Studies, International Relations (Other) |
| Journal Section | Book reviews |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 |
