Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Oral kandidozis: Etiyoloji, klinik özellikler, tanı ve tedavi

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 140 - 148, 31.01.2014

Birsay Gümrü Tarçın

Abstract

Oral kandidozis dişhekimliği pratiğinde en sık karşılaşılan fungal enfeksiyondur. Birçok farklı klinik görünümde ortaya çıkabildiğinden, klinik tanı ve tedavisi genellikle zordur. Hastalık sıklıkla
sistemik rahatsızlığı olan spesifik hasta gruplarında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, oral kandidozis tedavisi öncelikle predispozisyon yaratan durumların kapsamlı tetkikini içermelidir. Bu derlemede sık karşılaşılan oral kandidal lezyonların etiyolojisi, klinik görünümü, tanı ve tedavi stratejileri kapsamlı bir şekilde gözden geçirilmektedir.

Keywords

Oral kandidozis candida predispozan faktörler antifungal tedavi

References

  • Cannon RD, Holmes AR, Mason AB, Monk BC. Oral Candida: Clearance, colonization, or candidiasis? J Dent Res. 1995;74: 1152-1161.
  • Marsh P, Martin M. Oral fungal infections. Oral Microbiology. 4th ed. Oxford: Wright; 1999. p.153-162.
  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Fungal and protozoal diseases. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002. p.189-197.
  • Akpan A, Morgan R. Oral candidiasis. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78: 455- 459.
  • de Almeida OP, Scully C. Fungal infections of the mouth. Braz J Oral Sci. 2002;1: 19-26.
  • Oliver DE, Shillitoe EJ. Effects of smoking on the prevalance and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans. J Oral Pathol. 1984;13: 265-270.
  • Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MD, Harty DW, Knox KW. Candida- associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review Part 1. Factors influencing distribution of Candida species in the oral cavity. Aust Dent J. 1998;43: 45-50.
  • Muzyka BC. Oral fungal infections. Dent Clin North Am. 2005;49: 49-65.
  • Budtz-Jörgensen E. Etiology, pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of oral yeast infections. Acta Odontol Scand. 1990;48: 61-69.
  • Sherman RG, Prusinski L, Ravenel MC, Joralmon RA. Oral candidosis. Quintessence Int. 2002;33: 521-532.
  • Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MD, Harty DW, Knox KW. Candida- associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review. Part 2. Oral diseases caused by Candida species. Aust Dent J. 1998;43: 160-166.
  • Zegarelli DJ. Fungal infections of the oral cavity. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1993;26: 1069-1089.
  • Calderone RA, Fonzi WA. Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001;9: 327-335.
  • Cutler JE. Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1991;45: 187-218.
  • Ghannoum MA, Abu-Elteen KH. Pathogenicity determinants of Candida. Mycoses. 1990;33: 265-282.
  • van Burik JA, Magee PT. Aspects of fungal pathogenesis in humans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2001;55: 743-772.
  • Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie K, Myers D, Mongelluzzo MB, Block HM, Weyant R, Orchard T. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies: II. Prevalence and characteristics of candida and candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89: 570-576.
  • Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Budtz-Jörgensen E, Wloch S. Non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for denture stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996;25: 411-415.
  • Bánóczy J, Albrecht M, Rigó O, Ember G, Ritlop B. Salivary secretion rate, pH, lactobacilli and yeast counts in diabetic women. Acta Diabetol Lat. 1987;24: 223-228.
  • Bartholomew GA, Rodu B, Bell DS. Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: A thorough analysis. Diabetes Care. 1987;10: 607- 612.
  • Bell GW, Large DM, Barclay SC. Oral health in diabetes mellitus. Dent Update. 1999;26: 322-330.
  • Belazi M, Velegraki A, Fleva A, Gidarakou I, Papanaum L, Baka D, Daniilidou N, Karamitsos D. Candidal overgrowth in diabetic patients: potential predisposing factors. Mycoses. 2005;48: 192-196.
  • Shulman JD, Rivera-Hidalgo F, Beach MM. Risk factors associated with denture stomatitis in the United States. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34: 340-346.
  • Manfredi M, McCullough MJ, Al-Karaawi ZM, Hurel SJ, Porter SR. The isolation, identification and molecular analysis of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavities of patients with diabetes mellitus. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2002;17: 181-185.
  • Paillaud E, Merlier I, Dupeyron C, Scherman E, Poupon J, Bories PN. Oral candidasis and nutritional deficiencies in elderly hospitalised patients. Br J Nutr. 2004;92: 861-867.
  • Sweeney MP, Bagg J, Fell GS, Yip B. The relationship between micronutrient depletion and oral health in geriatrics. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994;23: 168-171.
  • Davenport JC, Basker RM, Heath JR, Ralph JP, Glantz PO, Hammond P. Initial prosthetic treatment. Br Dent J. 2001;190: 235-244.
  • Farah CS, Lynch N, McCullough MJ. Oral fungal infections: An update for the general practitioner. Aust Dent J. 2010;55 (Suppl 1): 48-54.
  • Edgerton M. Myeloperoxidase deficiency associated with atypical oral candidiasis: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 1999;82: 263-265.
  • Farah CS, Ashman RB, Challacombe SJ. Oral candidosis. Clin Dermatol. 2000;18: 553-562.
  • Wu AJ, Ship JA, Arbor A. A characterization of major salivary gland flow rates in the presence of medications and systemic diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;76: 301-306.
  • Ellepola AN, Samaranayake LP. Inhalational and topical steroids, and oral candidosis: a mini review. Oral Dis. 2001;7: 211-216.
  • Scully C. Drug effects on salivary glands: dry mouth. Oral Dis. 2003;9: 165-176.
  • Basson NJ. Competition for glucose between Candida albicans and oral bacteria grown in mixed culture in a chemostat. J Med Microbiol. 2000;49: 969-975.
  • Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Leidich SD, Faddoul FF, Hoyer LL, Douglas LJ, Ghannoum MA. Antifungal resistance of candidal biofilms formed on denture acrylic in vitro. J Dent Res. 2001;80: 903-908.
  • Jin Y, Samaranayake LP, Samaranayake Y, Yip HK. Biofilm formation of Candida albicans is variably affected by saliva and dietary sugars. Arch Oral Biol. 2004;49: 789-798.
  • Budtz-Jörgensen E. Ecology of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2000;12: 170-185.
  • Jeganathan S, Lin CC. Denture stomatitis - A review of aetiology, diagnosis and management. Aust Dent J. 1992;37: 107-114.
  • Samaranayake LP, Raeside JM, MacFarlane TW. Factors affecting the phospholipase activity of Candida species in vitro. Sabouraudia. 1984;22: 201-207.
  • Gumru B, Kadir T, Uygun-Can B, Ozbayrak S. Distribution and phospholipase activity of Candida species in different denture stomatitis types. Mycopathologia. 2006;162: 389-394.
  • Kadir T, Gumru B, Uygun-Can B. Phospholipase activity of Candida albicans isolates from patients with denture stomatitis: The influence of chlorhexidine gluconate on phospholipase production. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52: 691-696.
  • Arendorf TM, Walker DM. Tobacco smoking and denture wearing as local aetiological factors in median rhomboid glossitis. Int J Oral Surg. 1984;13: 411-415.
  • Sakki T, Knuuttila M. Controlled study of the association of smoking with lactobacilli, mutans streptococci and yeasts in saliva. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104: 619-622.
  • Soysa NS, Ellepola AN. The impact of cigarette/tobacco smoking on oral candidosis: An overview. Oral Dis. 2005;11: 268-273.
  • Arendorf TM, Walker DM. The prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans in man. Arch Oral Biol. 1980;25: 1-10.
  • Hsia CC, Sun TT, Wang YY, Anderson LM, Armstrong D, Good RA. Enhancement of formation of the esophageal carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosoamine from its precursors by Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78: 1878-1881.
  • Lehner T. Oral candidosis. Dent Pract Dent Rec. 1967;17: 209-216.
  • Axéll T, Samaranayake LP, Reichart PA, Olsen I. A proposal for reclassification of oral candidosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84: 111-112.
  • Reichart PA, Samaranayake LP, Philipsen HP. Pathology and clinical correlates in oral candidiasis and its variants: A review. Oral Dis. 2000;6: 85-91.
  • Gümrü Tarçın B, Özbayrak S. Denture stomatitis: Management strategies in regard to aetiology (Part I). TDBD. 2010;117: 64-68. (article in Turkish)
  • Williams DW, Kuriyama T, Silva S, Malic S, Lewis MA. Candida biofilms and oral candidosis: treatment and prevention. Periodontol 2000. 2011;55: 250-265.
  • Krogh P, Holmstrup P, Thorn JJ, Vedtofte P, Pindborg JJ. Yeast species and biotypes associated with oral leukoplakia and lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987;63: 48-54.
  • Lundström IM, Anneroth GB, Holmberg K. Candida in patients with oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Surg. 1984;13: 226-238.
  • Porter SR, Scully C. Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis and related syndromes. In: Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, eds. Oral Candidosis. London: Wright; 1990. p.200-211.
  • Williams DW, Lewis MA. Isolation and identification of candida from the oral cavity. Oral Dis. 2000;6: 3-11.
  • McCullough MJ, Savage NW. Oral candidosis and the therapeutic use of antifungal agents in dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2005;50(Suppl 2): S36-39.
  • Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MD, Harty DW, Knox KW. Candida- associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review. Part 3. Treatment of oral candidosis. Aust Dent J. 1998;43: 244-249.
  • Gümrü Tarçın B, Özbayrak S. Denture stomatitis: Management strategies in regard to aetiology (Part II). TDBD. 2010;118: 72-76. (article in Turkish)

Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management

Year 2011, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 140 - 148, 31.01.2014

Birsay Gümrü Tarçın

Abstract

Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection encountered in dental practice. Clinical diagnosis and management of oral candidosis is usually complicated, because it is encountered in a wide variety of clinical presentations. The disease often manifests in specific patient groups that are systemically compromised. Therefore, the management should always cover a thorough investigation of underlying predisposing conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the aetiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management strategies of common oral candidal lesions. 

Keywords

Oral candidosis candida predisposing factors antifungal therapy

References

  • Cannon RD, Holmes AR, Mason AB, Monk BC. Oral Candida: Clearance, colonization, or candidiasis? J Dent Res. 1995;74: 1152-1161.
  • Marsh P, Martin M. Oral fungal infections. Oral Microbiology. 4th ed. Oxford: Wright; 1999. p.153-162.
  • Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Fungal and protozoal diseases. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002. p.189-197.
  • Akpan A, Morgan R. Oral candidiasis. Postgrad Med J. 2002;78: 455- 459.
  • de Almeida OP, Scully C. Fungal infections of the mouth. Braz J Oral Sci. 2002;1: 19-26.
  • Oliver DE, Shillitoe EJ. Effects of smoking on the prevalance and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans. J Oral Pathol. 1984;13: 265-270.
  • Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MD, Harty DW, Knox KW. Candida- associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review Part 1. Factors influencing distribution of Candida species in the oral cavity. Aust Dent J. 1998;43: 45-50.
  • Muzyka BC. Oral fungal infections. Dent Clin North Am. 2005;49: 49-65.
  • Budtz-Jörgensen E. Etiology, pathogenesis, therapy, and prophylaxis of oral yeast infections. Acta Odontol Scand. 1990;48: 61-69.
  • Sherman RG, Prusinski L, Ravenel MC, Joralmon RA. Oral candidosis. Quintessence Int. 2002;33: 521-532.
  • Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MD, Harty DW, Knox KW. Candida- associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review. Part 2. Oral diseases caused by Candida species. Aust Dent J. 1998;43: 160-166.
  • Zegarelli DJ. Fungal infections of the oral cavity. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1993;26: 1069-1089.
  • Calderone RA, Fonzi WA. Virulence factors of Candida albicans. Trends Microbiol. 2001;9: 327-335.
  • Cutler JE. Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1991;45: 187-218.
  • Ghannoum MA, Abu-Elteen KH. Pathogenicity determinants of Candida. Mycoses. 1990;33: 265-282.
  • van Burik JA, Magee PT. Aspects of fungal pathogenesis in humans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2001;55: 743-772.
  • Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie K, Myers D, Mongelluzzo MB, Block HM, Weyant R, Orchard T. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies: II. Prevalence and characteristics of candida and candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89: 570-576.
  • Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Budtz-Jörgensen E, Wloch S. Non-insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for denture stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996;25: 411-415.
  • Bánóczy J, Albrecht M, Rigó O, Ember G, Ritlop B. Salivary secretion rate, pH, lactobacilli and yeast counts in diabetic women. Acta Diabetol Lat. 1987;24: 223-228.
  • Bartholomew GA, Rodu B, Bell DS. Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: A thorough analysis. Diabetes Care. 1987;10: 607- 612.
  • Bell GW, Large DM, Barclay SC. Oral health in diabetes mellitus. Dent Update. 1999;26: 322-330.
  • Belazi M, Velegraki A, Fleva A, Gidarakou I, Papanaum L, Baka D, Daniilidou N, Karamitsos D. Candidal overgrowth in diabetic patients: potential predisposing factors. Mycoses. 2005;48: 192-196.
  • Shulman JD, Rivera-Hidalgo F, Beach MM. Risk factors associated with denture stomatitis in the United States. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005;34: 340-346.
  • Manfredi M, McCullough MJ, Al-Karaawi ZM, Hurel SJ, Porter SR. The isolation, identification and molecular analysis of Candida spp. isolated from the oral cavities of patients with diabetes mellitus. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2002;17: 181-185.
  • Paillaud E, Merlier I, Dupeyron C, Scherman E, Poupon J, Bories PN. Oral candidasis and nutritional deficiencies in elderly hospitalised patients. Br J Nutr. 2004;92: 861-867.
  • Sweeney MP, Bagg J, Fell GS, Yip B. The relationship between micronutrient depletion and oral health in geriatrics. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994;23: 168-171.
  • Davenport JC, Basker RM, Heath JR, Ralph JP, Glantz PO, Hammond P. Initial prosthetic treatment. Br Dent J. 2001;190: 235-244.
  • Farah CS, Lynch N, McCullough MJ. Oral fungal infections: An update for the general practitioner. Aust Dent J. 2010;55 (Suppl 1): 48-54.
  • Edgerton M. Myeloperoxidase deficiency associated with atypical oral candidiasis: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 1999;82: 263-265.
  • Farah CS, Ashman RB, Challacombe SJ. Oral candidosis. Clin Dermatol. 2000;18: 553-562.
  • Wu AJ, Ship JA, Arbor A. A characterization of major salivary gland flow rates in the presence of medications and systemic diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;76: 301-306.
  • Ellepola AN, Samaranayake LP. Inhalational and topical steroids, and oral candidosis: a mini review. Oral Dis. 2001;7: 211-216.
  • Scully C. Drug effects on salivary glands: dry mouth. Oral Dis. 2003;9: 165-176.
  • Basson NJ. Competition for glucose between Candida albicans and oral bacteria grown in mixed culture in a chemostat. J Med Microbiol. 2000;49: 969-975.
  • Chandra J, Mukherjee PK, Leidich SD, Faddoul FF, Hoyer LL, Douglas LJ, Ghannoum MA. Antifungal resistance of candidal biofilms formed on denture acrylic in vitro. J Dent Res. 2001;80: 903-908.
  • Jin Y, Samaranayake LP, Samaranayake Y, Yip HK. Biofilm formation of Candida albicans is variably affected by saliva and dietary sugars. Arch Oral Biol. 2004;49: 789-798.
  • Budtz-Jörgensen E. Ecology of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2000;12: 170-185.
  • Jeganathan S, Lin CC. Denture stomatitis - A review of aetiology, diagnosis and management. Aust Dent J. 1992;37: 107-114.
  • Samaranayake LP, Raeside JM, MacFarlane TW. Factors affecting the phospholipase activity of Candida species in vitro. Sabouraudia. 1984;22: 201-207.
  • Gumru B, Kadir T, Uygun-Can B, Ozbayrak S. Distribution and phospholipase activity of Candida species in different denture stomatitis types. Mycopathologia. 2006;162: 389-394.
  • Kadir T, Gumru B, Uygun-Can B. Phospholipase activity of Candida albicans isolates from patients with denture stomatitis: The influence of chlorhexidine gluconate on phospholipase production. Arch Oral Biol. 2007;52: 691-696.
  • Arendorf TM, Walker DM. Tobacco smoking and denture wearing as local aetiological factors in median rhomboid glossitis. Int J Oral Surg. 1984;13: 411-415.
  • Sakki T, Knuuttila M. Controlled study of the association of smoking with lactobacilli, mutans streptococci and yeasts in saliva. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104: 619-622.
  • Soysa NS, Ellepola AN. The impact of cigarette/tobacco smoking on oral candidosis: An overview. Oral Dis. 2005;11: 268-273.
  • Arendorf TM, Walker DM. The prevalence and intraoral distribution of Candida albicans in man. Arch Oral Biol. 1980;25: 1-10.
  • Hsia CC, Sun TT, Wang YY, Anderson LM, Armstrong D, Good RA. Enhancement of formation of the esophageal carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosoamine from its precursors by Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981;78: 1878-1881.
  • Lehner T. Oral candidosis. Dent Pract Dent Rec. 1967;17: 209-216.
  • Axéll T, Samaranayake LP, Reichart PA, Olsen I. A proposal for reclassification of oral candidosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84: 111-112.
  • Reichart PA, Samaranayake LP, Philipsen HP. Pathology and clinical correlates in oral candidiasis and its variants: A review. Oral Dis. 2000;6: 85-91.
  • Gümrü Tarçın B, Özbayrak S. Denture stomatitis: Management strategies in regard to aetiology (Part I). TDBD. 2010;117: 64-68. (article in Turkish)
  • Williams DW, Kuriyama T, Silva S, Malic S, Lewis MA. Candida biofilms and oral candidosis: treatment and prevention. Periodontol 2000. 2011;55: 250-265.
  • Krogh P, Holmstrup P, Thorn JJ, Vedtofte P, Pindborg JJ. Yeast species and biotypes associated with oral leukoplakia and lichen planus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987;63: 48-54.
  • Lundström IM, Anneroth GB, Holmberg K. Candida in patients with oral lichen planus. Int J Oral Surg. 1984;13: 226-238.
  • Porter SR, Scully C. Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis and related syndromes. In: Samaranayake LP, MacFarlane TW, eds. Oral Candidosis. London: Wright; 1990. p.200-211.
  • Williams DW, Lewis MA. Isolation and identification of candida from the oral cavity. Oral Dis. 2000;6: 3-11.
  • McCullough MJ, Savage NW. Oral candidosis and the therapeutic use of antifungal agents in dentistry. Aust Dent J. 2005;50(Suppl 2): S36-39.
  • Webb BC, Thomas CJ, Willcox MD, Harty DW, Knox KW. Candida- associated denture stomatitis. Aetiology and management: A review. Part 3. Treatment of oral candidosis. Aust Dent J. 1998;43: 244-249.
  • Gümrü Tarçın B, Özbayrak S. Denture stomatitis: Management strategies in regard to aetiology (Part II). TDBD. 2010;118: 72-76. (article in Turkish)
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Birsay Gümrü Tarçın This is me

Publication Date January 31, 2014
Submission Date November 2, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gümrü Tarçın, B. (2014). Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 1(2), 140-148.
AMA Gümrü Tarçın B. Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. January 2014;1(2):140-148.
Chicago Gümrü Tarçın, Birsay. “Oral Candidosis: Aetiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 1, no. 2 (January 2014): 140-48.
EndNote Gümrü Tarçın B (January 1, 2014) Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 1 2 140–148.
IEEE B. Gümrü Tarçın, “Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 140–148, 2014.
ISNAD Gümrü Tarçın, Birsay. “Oral Candidosis: Aetiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 1/2 (January 2014), 140-148.
JAMA Gümrü Tarçın B. Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2014;1:140–148.
MLA Gümrü Tarçın, Birsay. “Oral Candidosis: Aetiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis and Management”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, 2014, pp. 140-8.
Vancouver Gümrü Tarçın B. Oral candidosis: aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2014;1(2):140-8.

14639   14640