Achillea goniocephala Extract Loaded into Nanochitosan: In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 659 - 666, 26.10.2021

Duygu Taşkın Murat Doğan Mizgin Ermanoğlu Turan Arabaci

https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.972180

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The present study aimed to prepare A. goniocephala chloroform extract and evaluate antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Then, the nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized on the most efficient extracts and the biological activities of the free forms of the extracts were compared with the NPs forms. Antioxidant capacities of 14 extracts by column chromatography were found by FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Again, the cytotoxic activities of all fractions were evaluated on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines using the XTT cell viability assay. Chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) NPs were formed using the ionic gelation method of H and F extracts, which show the most active properties because of biological activities. The biological activities of the characterized NPs were also evaluated. The synthesized particle size of the NPs from two extracts obtained between 274.12 and 296.25 nm. The extract-encapsulation and loading-efficiency of the most active NPs were 77.6± 0.04% and 7.76± 0.01% for F extract and 10.2± 0.02% and 1.39± 0.07% for H extract, respectively. Anticancer activity of chitosan NPs gave better results compared to unencapsulated extracts. As a result, it was found that the A. goniocephala extract can be encapsulated in chitosan NPs and has an antioxidant and more anticancer effect than the free forms.

Keywords

Nanoparticles, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, Chitosan, Encapsulation efficiency

Project Number

116S509

References

• [1] Donna SS, Robert DK. Introduction to cancer chemotherapeutics. Chem Rev 2009;109(7):2859–2861.
• [2] Shaili E. Platinum anticancer drugs and photochemotherapeutic agents: recent advances and future developments. Sci Prog 2014;97(1):20–40.
• [3] Karamenderes C, Apaydin Ş. Antispasmodic effect of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. sipylea (O. Schwarz) Bassier on the rat isolated duodenum. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;84(2-3):175-179.
• [4] Turkoglu İ, Turkoglu S, Celik S, Kahyaoglu M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Turkish endemic Achillea species. African J Microbiol Res 2010;4(19):2034-2042.
• [5] Moradkhani S, Ayatollahi AM, Ghanadian M, Moin MR, Razavizadeh M, Shahlaei M. Phytochemical analysis and metal-chelation activity of Achillea tenuifolia Lam. Iran J Pharm Res 2012;11(1):177-83.
• [6] Applequist WL, Moerman DE. Yarrow (Achillea millefoliumL.): A Neglected panacea A review of ethnobotany, bioactivity, and biomedical research. Econ Bot 2011;65(2):209–225.
• [7] Tanker N, Koyuncu M, Çoşkun M. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Pharmacy Publications, Ders Kitapları, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara, 2007; 93:313-319.
• [8] Baser KHC, Demirci B, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adigüzel N. Composition of the essential oil of Achillea goniocephala Boiss. et Bal. from Turkey. J Essent Oil Res 2001;13(4):219-220.
• [9] Yener I, Yilmaz MA, Olmez OT, Akdeniz M, Tekin F, Hasimi N, Alkan MH, Ozturk M, Ertas A. A Detailed Biological and Chemical Investigation of Sixteen Achillea Species’ Essential Oils via Chemometric Approach. Chem Biodivers 2020;17(3):e1900484.
• [10] Yoksan R, Jirawutthiwongchai J, Arpo K. Encapsulation of ascorbyl palmitate in chitosan nanoparticles by oil-in-water emulsion and ionic gelation processes. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2010;76(1): 292-297.
• [11] Wang S, Su R, Nie S, Sun M, Zhang J, Wu D, Moustaid-Moussa NJ. Application of nanotechnology in improving bioavailability and bioactivity of diet-derived phytochemicals. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25(4):363-376.
• [12] Alver E. Investigation Removal Effectiveness of Anionic Dyes via Encapsulation in Chitosan Nanoparticles Prepared by Ionotropic Gelation Method and the Dye Storage Performance in Nanoparticles. Gümüşhane University Journal of Science and Technology Institute 2018;8(1):26-37.
• [13] Benzie IF, Strain JJ, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996; 239(1):70–6.
• [14] Fu W, Chen J, Cai Y, Lei Y, Chen L, Pei L, Zhou D, Liang X, Ruan JJ. Antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective potential of the extract from Parathelypteris nipponica (Franch.et Sav.) Ching. J Ethnopharmaco 2010;130(3):521-528.
• [15] Apak R, Güclü K, Ozyurek M, Karademir SE. Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52(26): 7970–81.
• [16] Wolf N, Kuchler S, Radowski MR, Blaschke T, Kramer KD, Weindi G. Influences of opioids and nanoparticles on in vitro wound healing models. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009;73(1):34–42.
• [17] Calvo P, Remunan-Lopez C, Vila-Jato JL, Alonso MJ. Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers. J Appl Polym Sci 1997;63(1):125-132.
• [18] Wikanta T, Erizal T, Tjahyono T, Sugiyono T. Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel and study of its swelling and antibacterial properties. Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 2012;7(1):1-10.
• [19] Purbowatiningrum N, Ismiyarto EF. Cinnamomum casia Extract Encapsulated Nanochitosan as Antihypercholesterol. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 2017;172:012035.
• [20] Han HJ, Lee JS, Park SA, Ahn JB, Lee HG. Extraction optimization and nanoencapsulation of jujube pulp and seed for enhancing antioxidant activity. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2015;130:93-100.
• [21] Pucci C, Martinelli C, Ciofani G. Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: Current perspectives and new challenges. Ecancermedicalscience 2019;13:961.
• [22] Chikara S, Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Horne D, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. Oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals: Role in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer Lett 2018;413:122–134.
• [23] Singh S, Sharma B, Kanwar SS, Kumar A. Lead phytochemicals for anticancer drug development. Front Plant Sci 2016;7:8973.
• [24] Arulmozhi V, Pandian K, Mirunalini S. Ellagic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles for drug delivery system in human oral cancer cell line (KB). Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2013;110:313–320.
• [25] Shutava TG, Balkundi SS, Vangala P, Steffan JJ, Bigelow RL, Cardelli JA, O’Neal DP, Lvov YM. Layer-by-layer-coated gelatin nanoparticles as a vehicle for delivery of natural polyphenols. ACS Nano 2009;3(7):1877-1885.
• [26] Dube A, Ng K, Nicolazzo JA, Larson I. Effective use of reducing agents and nanoparticle encapsulation in stabilizing catechins in alkaline solution. Food Chem 2010;122(3):662-667.
• [27] Mayol L, Serri C, Menale C, Crispi S, Piccolo MT, Mita L, Giarra S, Forte M, Saija A, Biondi M, Mita DG. Curcumin loaded PLGA–poloxamer blend nanoparticles induce cell cycle arrest in mesothelioma cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015;93:37-45.
• [28] Hussain Z, Katas H, Amin MCIM, Kumolosasi E, Buang F, Sahudin S. Self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles for percutaneous co-delivery of hydrocortisone/hydroxytyrosol: an ex vivo and in vivo study using an NC/Nga mouse model. Int J Pharm 2013;444(1-2):109–119.
• [29] Conte R, Calarco A, Napoletano A, Valentino A, Margarucci S, Di Cristo F, Di Salle A, Peluso GJ. Polyphenols nanoencapsulation for therapeutic applications. J Biomole Res Ther 2016;5(2):1000139.
• [30] Zorzi GK, Carvalho ELS, von Poser GL, Teixeira HF. On the use of nanotechnology-based strategies for association of complex matrices from plant extracts. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2015;25:426-436.
• [31] Piran F, Khoshkhoo Z, Hosseini SE, Azizi MH. Controlling the Antioxidant Activity of Green Tea Extract through Encapsulation in Chitosan-Citrate Nanogel. J Food Qual 2020;2020:7935420.
• [32] Sahyon HA, Al-Harbi SA. Antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities of nano-heart of Phoenix dactylifera tree extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020;(160):1230-1241.
• [33] Salaria S, Bahabadi SE, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Yosefzaei F. In-vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Prosopis farcta Fruit Extract. Iran J Pharm Res 2019;18(1):430-445.