Assesment Of Hpv Dna Positive Individuals In Sivas Province In Terms Of Some Variables

Year 2022, Volume: 44 Issue: 3, 304 - 309, 01.10.2022

Sanem Nemmezi Karaca Çağlar Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.7197/cmj.1176734

Abstract

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and causes death. Revealing the distribution of HPV prevalence and types in cervical cancer remains important for both treatment and vaccination strategies. The goal of this study is to determine the HPV DNA subtypes of women who are positive for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) screening, and to evaluate their sociodemographic characteristics and cervical smear results.
Methods: The study was conducted on 215 women who were directed to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Obstetry and Gynecology outpatient clinic by her gynecologists or family physicians between 2015-2018 years. A questionnary containing datas of patients about age, education levels and jobs of both spouses, smoking status, obstetric history and age of first sexual intercourse was filled out by the researcher. The data were analysed with SPSS (vers 23.0) program and significance level was taken as 0.05.
Results: The most prevalent HPV types were type 16 and category of the others; with the rates of respectively 47% (n: 101), 40% (n: 86). The frequencies of ASCUS (undetermined atypical squamous epithelial cells), LGSIL (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and HGSIL (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) were respectively found to be 7.9% (n: 17), 23.7% (n: 51) and 1.9% (n: 4). The relationship between HPV types and Pap Smear results was statistically significant (p: 0.011). There was no difference between patients and their spouses about education levels and occupations; and among patients on smoking status, menstrual patterns, age at first sexual intercourse and family planning methods and HPV types (p> 0.05). In women above aged 55, only two types of HPV DNA were observed; which were type 16 and category of the others (p: 0.005). The relationship between abortion history and HPV types was found out to be significant (p: 0.016).
Conclusion: This study has contributed to the literature by revealing the types of HPV which observed in Sivas province over a period of 3 years.

Keywords

cervical smear, hpv dna test, hpv types, pap smear

References

• 1. WHO: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cervical cancer: Estimated incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012. In: The GLOBOCAN 2012 Database. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer.
• 2. Okunade KS. Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer. Current Perspectives in Human Papillomavirus. Shailendra K. Saxena, IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81581.
• 3. Burd EM. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2003;16(1):1-17.
• 4. Koliopoulos G, Arbyn M, Martin-Hirsch P, Kyrgiou M, Prendiville W, Paraskevaidis E. Diagnostic accuracy of human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening: A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized studies. Gynecol Oncol, 2007;104: 232-46.
• 5. Cervical Cancer Prevention and Early Detection. The American Cancer Society (AAC). https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/prevention-and-early-detection/hpv-test.html 6. Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM, Bosch FX, Kummer JA, Shah KV, et al. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The Journal of Pathology. 1999;189:12-19.
• 7. Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Castellsague X, Shah KV, et al. Epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirustypes associated with cervical cancer. N Engl J Med, 2003;348:518-27.
• 8. de Sanjose S, Quint WG, Alemany L, Geraets DT, Klaustermeier JE, Lloveras B, et al. Human papillomavirus genotype attribution in invasive cervical cancer: a retrospective cross-sectional worldwide study. Lancet Oncol, 2010;11(11):1048-56.
• 9. Kan Ö, Görkem Ü, Barış A, Koçak Ö, Toğrul C, Yıldırım E. Kanser erken teşhis ve tarama eğitim merkezleri (KETEM)’ne başvuran kadınlarda human papillomavirüs (HPV) sıklığının değerlendirilmesi ve genotiplerin analizi. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2019;76(2):163-68.
• 10. Clifford GM, Gallus S, Herrero R, Munoz N, Snijders PJ, Vaccarella S, et al. HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis, Lancet, 2005;366(9490):991-98.
• 11. Chen X, Xu H, Xu W, Zeng W, Liu J, Wu Q, et al. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in 961,029 screening tests in southeastern China (Zhejiang Province) between 2011 and 2015. Sci Rep, 2017;7(1):14813.
• 12. Adam E, Berkova Z, Daxnerova Z, Icenogle J, Reeves WC, Kaufman RH. Papillomavirus detection: Demographic and behavioral characteristics influencing the identification of cervical disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000;182:257-64.
• 13. Burk RD, Kelly P, Feldman J, Bromberg J, Vermund SH, Deltovitz JA, et al. Declining presence of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection with age is independent of other risk factors. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 1996;23:333-41.
• 14. Hellberg D, Nilsson S. IVF and HPV. Fertility and Sterility. 2007;87(6):1498 (Author Reply).
• 15. Perino A, Giovannelli L, Schillaci R, Ruvolo G, Fiorentino FP, Alimondi P, Cefalù E, Ammatuna P. Human papillomavirus infection in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures: impact on reproductive outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(5):1845-48.