Türkiye’de Limoni Servilerde (Cupressus macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest) yeni bir tehdit: Seiridium cardinale

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 131 - 136, 25.07.2022

Figen Mert , Arjin Ondes , Sibel Derviş

https://doi.org/10.33202/comuagri.1080940

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Limoni servi (Cupressus macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest) Türkiye’de kentsel peyzaj alanlarında popüler olan Cuppressaceae familyasına ait iğne yapraklı bir ağaçdır. 2021 yılının Temmuz ayında Çanakkale merkezinde özel bir mülke ait bir bahçede C. macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest bitkisinin ana gövdesinde geriye ölüm belirtileri ile birlikte kabukta uzunlamasına siyah-kahve renkli lezyonlar ve çatlaklardan sızan reçine gözlemlenmiştir. Kanserli dokuların kenarlarından yapılan izolasyonlar sürekli olarak; önce kirli beyaz, sonra bazı kısımlarda veya daha eski kültürlerde grimsi zeytin yeşili olan yoğun floccose havai miselyuma sahip düz koloniler sonuçlamıştır. Elde edilen izolatların morfolojik karakterlerine, temsilci bir izolatın ITS rDNA bölgesinin moleküler analizine ve 2 yaşındaki C. macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest bitilerinde yapılan patojenisite testlerine göre, hastalık etmeni Seiridium cardinale (Wagener) Sutton & Gibson olarak tanılanmıştır. Bu çalışma, şu anki bilgilerimize göre, Türkiye’de C. macrocarpa’da S. cardinale’nin sebep olduğu servi kanseri hastalığının ilk raporudur.

Keywords

Cupressus macrocarpa, Seiridium cardinale, servi kanseri, Monterey servi, limoni servi

New Threat to Lemon Cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest) in Turkey: Seiridium cardinale

Abstract

Lemon cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest) is a coniferous Cuppressaceae tree and is popular in urban landscapes of Turkey. In July 2021, dark-brown elongated bark lesions and resin exuding cracks with die-back symptoms were observed on the main stem of young C. macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest trees in a private house garden in the central district of Çanakkale Province of Turkey. Fungal isolations made from the margin of cankers of trees consistently yielded flat colonies with dense floccose aerial mycelium that were first off-white and grayish olive-green in some parts or in older cultures. Based on the morphological characteristics of obtained isolates, molecular analyses of the ITS rDNA region of a representative isolate, and pathogenicity tests on 4-year-old C. macrocarpa cv. Goldcrest plants, the causal agent was identified as Seiridium cardinale (Wagener) Sutton & Gibson. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of S. cardinale causing canker on C. macrocarpa in Turkey.

Keywords

Cupressus macrocarpa, Seiridium cardinale, cypress canker, monterey cypress, lemon cypress

References

• Anastassiadis, B., 1963. A new for Greece disease of the Cypress. Ann. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki (N.S.) 5:164-166.
• Barthelet, J., Vinot, M., 1944. Notes sur les maladies des cultures méridionales. Annu. Epiphyt. 10: 18–20.
• Bean, W., 1981. Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain. Murray. In: The AZ Encyclopedia of Garden Plants, Brickell C. (ed.). London Dorling Kindersley Ltd.
• Birch, T T.C., 1933. Gummosis diseases of Cupressus macrocarpa. N. Z. J. For. 3: 108–113.
• Bonthond, G., Sandoval-Denis, M., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W. 2018 Seiridium (Sporocadaceae): an important genus of plant pathogenic fungi. Persoonia. 40: 96–118.
• DellaRocca, G., Eyre, C., Danti, R., Garbelotto, M. 2011. Sequence and SSR analyses of the fungal pathogen Seiridium cardinale indicate California is the most likely source of the Cypress canker epidemic for the Mediterranean region. Phytopathology. 101: 1408–1417.
• Farr, D.F., Rossman, A.Y., 2022. Fungal Databases, U.S. National Fungus Collections, ARS, USDA. https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/. Accessed 08 February 2022.
• Funk, A., 1974. Microfungi associated with dieback of native Cupressaceae in British Columbia. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 54: 166-168.
• Graniti, A., 1986. Seiridium cardinale and other cypress cankers. EPPO Bulletin. 16: 479–486.
• Graniti, A., 1998. Cypress canker: a pandemic in progress. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 36: 91–114.
• Grasso, V., 1951. Un nuovo agente patogeno del Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. in Italia. Ital. For. Mont. 6: 63–65.
• Hansen, O.B., 1990. Propagating Cupressus macrocarpa Hartw. 'Goldcrest' from cuttings. Norwegian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4 (4): 357–361.
• Raddi, P., Panconesi, A., 1981. Cypress canker disease in Italy: biology, control possibilities and genetic improvement for resistance. Eur. J. For. Pathol. 11: 340–347.
• Saravì Cisneros, R., 1953. Cancrosis de los Cipreses provocada por Coryneum cardinale Wag. en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia de La Plata (Tercera Epoca). 29: 107–119.
• Strouts, R.G., 1970. Coryneum canker of Cupressus. J. Plant Pathol. 19: 149–150.
• Sümer, S., 1987. The distribution of cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) in Turkey and the current status in its pests and diseases, especially cypress canker disease. Istanbul Univ. Orman Fak. Derg. Seri A 37: 46–66.
• Sutton, B.C., 1980. The Coelomycetes; CABI: Eastbourne, UK, pp. 374–379.
• Torres, J., 1969. Grave enfermedad de los cipreses en España. Bol. Serv. Plagas For., 12, 97–99. (In Spanish)
• Wagener, W.W., 1928. Coryneum canker of cypress. Science. 67: 584-584
• White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J., 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 315–322.
• Worapong, J., 2001. Taxonomy, molecular phylogeny and taxol production in selected genera of endophytic fungi. PhD thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana