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Investigation of Epiphragm Mineral Composition and Formation Process in Four Land Snail Species (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae)

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 105 - 111, 22.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.627827

Abstract

The land snails form an epiphragm layer when the climatic conditions are harsh. In this study, epiphragm formation and mineral composition of Helix pomacella, Eobania vermiculata, Helix melanostoma and Helix asemnis species were investigated. Eighty snails selected from mature individuals were placed in four pens, 60 x 60 x 45 cm in size, filled with 10 cm deep humus soil. The feeding and humidification process was terminated in June to stimulate snails to aestivation. The ionic concentration (calcium, iron and phospho-rus) of the epiphragm layer formed during the aestivation process was analyzed and the formation time was investigated. The aperture width of H. pomacella, E. vermiculata, H. melanostoma and H. asemnis was measured and it was found to be 15.6 ± 0.28 mm, 8.1 ± 0.21 mm, 19.4 ± 0.21 mm and 22.8 ± 0.28 mm, respectively. Epiphragm formation time was found to be the lowest in E. vermiculata (9 ± 0.35 days) and highest in H. asemnis (15 ± 0.22 days). In terms of ionic concentration, the highest calcium content was found in H. asemnis (32.52 ± 0.22 mg / g), the highest phosphorus rate was found in E. ver-miculata (4.13 ± 0.18 mg/g) and the highest iron content was found in H. pomacella (20.78 ± 0.25 mg/g). The epiphragm weight obtained from the four snail species showed linear values with shell width, live weight and aperture width. In this study, it has been pointed out that epiphragm, which is a means of aesti-vation in the life of land snails, is a very important structure in living culture and sustainable biodiversity.

References

  • Abdussamad, M.A., Olusegun, A.O., Olusiji, F.S. and Samuel, A.O. (2010). Some haemolymph bi-ophysical parameters in the giant African land snail Archachatina marginata during a six-week aestivation period. Global Veterinaria, 4(4): 400–408.
  • Ademolu, K.O., Idowu, A.B., Mafiana, C.F. and Osinnowo, O.A. (2004). Performance, proximate and minerals analysis of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) fed different nitrogen sources. African Journals of Biotechnology, 3(8): 412–414.
  • Ademolu, K.O., Fakeye, O.D., Dedeke, G.A. and Idowu, A.B. (2009). Activities of glycosidases in the foot muscles of African giant land snail A. marginata during aestivation. Ethiopia Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(2): 165–170.
  • Ademolu, K.O., Fantola, F.O., Bamidele, J.A., Dedeka, G.A. and Idowu, A.B. (2016). Formation and composition of epiphragm in three giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata, Ac-hatina fulica and Achatina achatina). Ruthenica, 26( 3-4): 165-169.
  • Ajayi, O.A., Fawole, J.K., Idowu, A.B. and Ademolu, K.O. (2012). Dynamics of nutrient in the tis-sues of giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata) during aestivation. 1st International Conference on giant African land snails [GALS]. Held at Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria on 12th-15th February, 2012: 67–71.
  • Akinnusi, O. (2014). Snail production and management. Tolukoya publishing company, Abeokuta, Nigeria, 105 p.
  • Arad, Z. (2001). Desiccation and rehydration in land snails – a test for distinct set points in Theba pi-sana. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 41–53.
  • Barnhart, M.C. (1983). Gas permeability of the epiphragm of a terrestrial snail, Otala lactea. Physio-logical Zoology, 56: 436–444.
  • González, O., Camargo, G.P., Membiela, M., Frezza, D., Bartoloni, N. and Vieites, C. (2009). Disc-rete observations of the spatial distributions of the Helix aspersa snail in an outdoor system. Cien. Inv. Agr., 35(1):123-130.
  • Hermes-Lima, M., Storey, J.M. and Storey, K.B. (1998). Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depres-sion. The hypothesis of preparation for oxidative stress in land snail. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Comp. Biochem., 120:437-448.
  • Kingsolver, J.G. and Huey, R.B. (2008). Size, temperature, and fitness: three rules. Evol Ecol Res., 10: 251–268.
  • Kingsolver, J.G. (2009). The well-temperatured biologist. (American Society of Naturalists Presiden-tial Address). Am. Nat., 174: 755–768.
  • Malleswar, V.N.S., Basavaraju, R. and Krupanidhi, S. (2013). Behavioral and Physiological Changes in Pila globosa (Indian Apple Snail) During Aestivation. Zoology, 2:8 ,54-55.
  • Omoyakhi, J.M., Osinowo, O.A., Onadeko, S.A., Ozoje M.O. (2008). Adaptive changes in growth and morphological composition of aestivating giant African land snails, Achatchatina margina-ta and Achatina achatina. African Journal of General Agriculture, (4)4: 241–249.
  • Onadeko, S.A. (2010). Live weight changes and mortality rate in the giant african snail Archachatina marginata during six week aestivation period. World journal of Zoology, 5(2): 75- 81.
  • Porcel, D., Bueno, J. D. and Almendros, A. (1996). Alterations in the digestive gland and shell of the snail Helix aspersa Müller (gastropoda, pulmonata) after prolonged starvation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 115(1): 11-17.
  • Schütt, H. (1993). Türkische Landschnecken. - Prodromus faunae Anatolicae molluscorum terrest-rium viventium testaceorumque. - Vorläufige Zusammenstellung der aus Anatolien bekannt gewordenen gehäusetragenden Landschnecken. - Türkiye'nin karasal salyangozları. - pp. 1-433. Wiesbaden. (Hemmen).
  • Rees, B.B. and Hand, S.C. (1993). Biochemical correlates of aestivation tolerance in the Mountain snail Oreohelix (Pulmonata: Oreohelicidae). Biology Bulletin, 184: 230–242.
  • Schultes, F.W. (2012). European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. Bestim-mungsbuch für europäische Land- und Süsswassermollusken. Planet Poster Editions, Göttin-gen. Pp. A1-A3, 1-679, Q1-Q78 ISBN-10: 3-933922-75-5.
  • Storey, K.B. (2002). Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation. Comparative Bioc-hemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 133(3): 733-754.
  • Struthers, M., Rosair, G., Buckman, J., Vıney, C. (2002). The Phyiıcal and Chemical Microstructure of the Achatına Fulica Epiphragm. J. Moll. Stud., 68:165–171
  • Storey, K.B. (2007). Tribute to P. L. Lutz: putting life on 'pause'--molecular regulation of hypometa-bolism. Journal of Experimental Biology, 210(10): 1700-1714.
  • Şereflişan, H. ve Alkaya, A. (2019). Estivasyon Döneminde Siyah Rengin Kara Salyangozunun (He-lix aspersa) Ağırlık Kaybı Üzerine Etkisi. 1st International Conference on Environment, Tech-nology and Management. 27-29 June/Niğde Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Environmental Enginee-ring Department/Niğde/ Turkey.
  • Şereflişan, H. (2019). Biyoçeşitlilik Noktasında Kara Salyangozunun (Helix Aspersa) Hayatta Kalma Direnci. 1st International Conference on Environment, Technology and Management. 27-29 June/Niğde Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Environmental Engineering Department/Niğde/ Turkey.
  • Weinier, S., Addadi, L. and Wagner, H.D. (2000). Materials design in biology. Materials Science and Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems, 11: 1–8.

Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 105 - 111, 22.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.627827

Abstract

Kara salyangozları, iklim koşullarının sert olduğu kuru veya sıcak aylarda uyku hali süreci olan estivasyon dönemine girerken, apertür kabuk açıklığını kapatan, vücut sıvısını koruyan ve yumuşak dokuların meka-nik hasarını önleyen epifragma tabakasını oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu araştırmada, Helix pomacella, Eobania vermiculata, Helix melanostoma ve Helix asemnis türü kara salyangozlarında, epifragma oluşumu ve mine-ral bileşimi araştırılmıştır. Olgun bireylerden seçilen seksen adet salyangoz, içinde 10 cm derinliğinde humuslu toprak bulunan, 60x60x45 cm büyüklüğündeki dört adet pene yerleştirilmiştir. Salyangozları estivasyona teşvik etmek için sıcaklığın yüksek olduğu Haziran ayında besleme sonlandırılmış ve nem için spreyleme yapılmamıştır. Estivasyon sürecinde oluşan epifragma tabakasının iyonik konsantrasyonu (kalsiyum, demir ve fosfor) analiz edilmiş ve oluşum süresi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada H. pomacella, E. vermiculata, H. melanostoma ve H. asemnis’in apertür genişliği ölçülmüş ve sırasıyla 15.6 ± 0.28 mm, 8.1 ± 0.21 mm, 19.4 ± 0.21 mm ve 22.8 ± 0.28 mm olduğu belirlenmiştir. Epifragma oluşum süresi en düşük E. vermiculata’da (9 ± 0.35 gün), en yüksek H. asemnis’te (15 ± 0.22 gün) olduğu görülmüştür. İyonik konsantrasyonu bakımından en yüksek kalsiyum oranı H. asemnis’te (32.52 ± 0.22 mg/g), en yüksek fosfor oranı (4.13 ± 0.18 mg/g) E. vermiculata’da ve en yüksek demir oranı ise H. pomacella’da (20.78 ± 0.25 mg/g) bulunmuştur. Araştırmada, dört salyangoz türünden elde edilen epifragma ağırlığının, kabuk genişliği, canlı ağırlık ve apertür genişliği ile doğrusal değerler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler ışığında, kara salyangoz yaşamında estivasyon aracı olan epifragma’nın, canlı kültüründe ve sürdürülebilir biyoçeşitlilikte oldukça önemli bir yapı olduğuna dikkat çekilmiştir.

References

  • Abdussamad, M.A., Olusegun, A.O., Olusiji, F.S. and Samuel, A.O. (2010). Some haemolymph bi-ophysical parameters in the giant African land snail Archachatina marginata during a six-week aestivation period. Global Veterinaria, 4(4): 400–408.
  • Ademolu, K.O., Idowu, A.B., Mafiana, C.F. and Osinnowo, O.A. (2004). Performance, proximate and minerals analysis of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) fed different nitrogen sources. African Journals of Biotechnology, 3(8): 412–414.
  • Ademolu, K.O., Fakeye, O.D., Dedeke, G.A. and Idowu, A.B. (2009). Activities of glycosidases in the foot muscles of African giant land snail A. marginata during aestivation. Ethiopia Journal of Biological Sciences, 8(2): 165–170.
  • Ademolu, K.O., Fantola, F.O., Bamidele, J.A., Dedeka, G.A. and Idowu, A.B. (2016). Formation and composition of epiphragm in three giant African land snails (Archachatina marginata, Ac-hatina fulica and Achatina achatina). Ruthenica, 26( 3-4): 165-169.
  • Ajayi, O.A., Fawole, J.K., Idowu, A.B. and Ademolu, K.O. (2012). Dynamics of nutrient in the tis-sues of giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata) during aestivation. 1st International Conference on giant African land snails [GALS]. Held at Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria on 12th-15th February, 2012: 67–71.
  • Akinnusi, O. (2014). Snail production and management. Tolukoya publishing company, Abeokuta, Nigeria, 105 p.
  • Arad, Z. (2001). Desiccation and rehydration in land snails – a test for distinct set points in Theba pi-sana. Israel Journal of Zoology, 47: 41–53.
  • Barnhart, M.C. (1983). Gas permeability of the epiphragm of a terrestrial snail, Otala lactea. Physio-logical Zoology, 56: 436–444.
  • González, O., Camargo, G.P., Membiela, M., Frezza, D., Bartoloni, N. and Vieites, C. (2009). Disc-rete observations of the spatial distributions of the Helix aspersa snail in an outdoor system. Cien. Inv. Agr., 35(1):123-130.
  • Hermes-Lima, M., Storey, J.M. and Storey, K.B. (1998). Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depres-sion. The hypothesis of preparation for oxidative stress in land snail. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Comp. Biochem., 120:437-448.
  • Kingsolver, J.G. and Huey, R.B. (2008). Size, temperature, and fitness: three rules. Evol Ecol Res., 10: 251–268.
  • Kingsolver, J.G. (2009). The well-temperatured biologist. (American Society of Naturalists Presiden-tial Address). Am. Nat., 174: 755–768.
  • Malleswar, V.N.S., Basavaraju, R. and Krupanidhi, S. (2013). Behavioral and Physiological Changes in Pila globosa (Indian Apple Snail) During Aestivation. Zoology, 2:8 ,54-55.
  • Omoyakhi, J.M., Osinowo, O.A., Onadeko, S.A., Ozoje M.O. (2008). Adaptive changes in growth and morphological composition of aestivating giant African land snails, Achatchatina margina-ta and Achatina achatina. African Journal of General Agriculture, (4)4: 241–249.
  • Onadeko, S.A. (2010). Live weight changes and mortality rate in the giant african snail Archachatina marginata during six week aestivation period. World journal of Zoology, 5(2): 75- 81.
  • Porcel, D., Bueno, J. D. and Almendros, A. (1996). Alterations in the digestive gland and shell of the snail Helix aspersa Müller (gastropoda, pulmonata) after prolonged starvation. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 115(1): 11-17.
  • Schütt, H. (1993). Türkische Landschnecken. - Prodromus faunae Anatolicae molluscorum terrest-rium viventium testaceorumque. - Vorläufige Zusammenstellung der aus Anatolien bekannt gewordenen gehäusetragenden Landschnecken. - Türkiye'nin karasal salyangozları. - pp. 1-433. Wiesbaden. (Hemmen).
  • Rees, B.B. and Hand, S.C. (1993). Biochemical correlates of aestivation tolerance in the Mountain snail Oreohelix (Pulmonata: Oreohelicidae). Biology Bulletin, 184: 230–242.
  • Schultes, F.W. (2012). European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. Bestim-mungsbuch für europäische Land- und Süsswassermollusken. Planet Poster Editions, Göttin-gen. Pp. A1-A3, 1-679, Q1-Q78 ISBN-10: 3-933922-75-5.
  • Storey, K.B. (2002). Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation. Comparative Bioc-hemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 133(3): 733-754.
  • Struthers, M., Rosair, G., Buckman, J., Vıney, C. (2002). The Phyiıcal and Chemical Microstructure of the Achatına Fulica Epiphragm. J. Moll. Stud., 68:165–171
  • Storey, K.B. (2007). Tribute to P. L. Lutz: putting life on 'pause'--molecular regulation of hypometa-bolism. Journal of Experimental Biology, 210(10): 1700-1714.
  • Şereflişan, H. ve Alkaya, A. (2019). Estivasyon Döneminde Siyah Rengin Kara Salyangozunun (He-lix aspersa) Ağırlık Kaybı Üzerine Etkisi. 1st International Conference on Environment, Tech-nology and Management. 27-29 June/Niğde Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Environmental Enginee-ring Department/Niğde/ Turkey.
  • Şereflişan, H. (2019). Biyoçeşitlilik Noktasında Kara Salyangozunun (Helix Aspersa) Hayatta Kalma Direnci. 1st International Conference on Environment, Technology and Management. 27-29 June/Niğde Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Environmental Engineering Department/Niğde/ Turkey.
  • Weinier, S., Addadi, L. and Wagner, H.D. (2000). Materials design in biology. Materials Science and Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems, 11: 1–8.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Hülya Şereflişan 0000-0002-2510-3714

Publication Date May 22, 2020
Acceptance Date March 4, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şereflişan, H. (2020). Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.627827
AMA Şereflişan H. Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. May 2020;6(1):105-111. doi:10.28979/comufbed.627827
Chicago Şereflişan, Hülya. “Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin Ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, no. 1 (May 2020): 105-11. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.627827.
EndNote Şereflişan H (May 1, 2020) Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 1 105–111.
IEEE H. Şereflişan, “Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi”, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 105–111, 2020, doi: 10.28979/comufbed.627827.
ISNAD Şereflişan, Hülya. “Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin Ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6/1 (May 2020), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.627827.
JAMA Şereflişan H. Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;6:105–111.
MLA Şereflişan, Hülya. “Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin Ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 105-11, doi:10.28979/comufbed.627827.
Vancouver Şereflişan H. Epifragma Mineral Bileşiminin ve Oluşum Sürecinin Dört Kara Salyangozu Türünde (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Helicidae) İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;6(1):105-11.

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