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An Investigation on the Crustal Velocity Variations of the North Anatolian Fault Zone by a Dense Seismic Array

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 166 - 179, 22.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.691614

Abstract

Asymmetrical distribution of microfractures across the fault is the result of repeated occurrence of earthquakes on active fault zones. Earthquake sequences generate bimaterial interfaces which separate elastically different materials from each other and provide important implications for earthquake behavior. Dense Array of Northern Anatolia (DANA) network provides valuable data in order to investigate bimaterial interface across the north and south branches of North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) beneath Sakarya-Sapanca segments. The aim of this study is to determine velocity contrast along the north and south branches of NAFZ by using the dense temporary seismic DANA network along the western edge of NAFZ between Sakarya and Sapanca segments From May 2012 to September 2013, more than 50.000 waveforms are compiled from 109 teleseismic earthquakes and 73 stations of DANA temporary network operated in the study area. We used differences between arrival times to detect and quantify velocity contrast in crust across the fault. Although local changes in velocity ratios were found in reference station analyzes, overall velocity differences were observed beneath north of the NAFZ northern branch and relatively east and southeast of the NAFZ northern branch. It is possible to mention the presence of a two-material interface between the two branches of the fault. The results indicate the existence of biomaterial interface along the NAFZ branches which provides important implications for understanding the earthquake dynamics and mechanism.  

References

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  • Karabulut H., Paul A., Özbakır A.D., Ergün T., Şentürk S., (2019) A new crustal model of the Anatolia-Aegean domain: evidence for the dominant role of isostasy in the support of the Anatolian plateau, Geophys. J. Int. (2019) 218, 57–73.
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  • Meade B. J., Hager B.H., McClusky S.C., Reilinger R.E., Ergintav S., Lenk O., Barka A. and Ozener H., Estimates of seismic potential in the Marmara Sea region from block models of secular deformation constrained by Global Positioning System measurements, Bulletin of the Seismolical Society of America, 92, 208-215, 2002.
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  • Mitchell T. M., Ben-Zion Y. and Shimamoto T. (2011). Pulverized fault rocks and damage asymmetry along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 308, 284-297.
  • Mutlu A.K, Karabulut H., 2011, Anisotropic Pn tomography of Turkey and adjacent regions, Geophys. J.Int.187.1743-1757, 2011.
  • Najdahmadi B., Bohnhoff M., Ben-Zion Y., Bimaterial interfaces at the Karadere segment of the North Anatolian Fault, northwestern Turkey. JGR Solid Earth., https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012601.
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Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 166 - 179, 22.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.691614

Abstract

Aktif fay zonları boyunca asimetrik olarak dağılmış olan mikro çatlaklar bu zonlardaki depremlerin tekrarlı oluşumları nedeniyle meydana gelmektedir. Aynı bölgede sürekli tekrarlanan depremler, elastik olarak farklı olan malzemeleri ayırarak iki-malzemeli arayüzeyler meydana getirir ve deprem davranışını etkileyen önemli sonuçlar doğurur. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu üzerinde kurulan DANA (Dense Array of Northern Anatolia) sismik ağı Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Sakarya ve Sapanca segmentleri üzerinde iki malzemeli arayüzeyin incelenmesi için elverişli veri sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoğun sismik dizilim bulunan Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun (KAFZ) batı ucunda Sakarya ve Sapanca segmentleri arasında, deprem dalgası çapraz ilişki analizleri kullanarak, iki malzemeli arayüzey geçişindeki hız değişimlerini belirlemektir. Araştırma kapsamında 2012-2013 yıllarında, çalışma alanında faaliyet gösteren DANA geçici sismik ağına ait 73 adet sismik istasyondan, 109 adet uzak deprem kaydı kullanılarak 50.000'den fazla dalga formu derlenmiştir. Uzak deprem dalgalarının, sismik kayıtçılara varışları arasındaki zaman farkları, fayın karşılıklı bölümlerinde kabuktaki hız kontrastını tespit etmek ve fark değerini ölçmek için kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular KAFZ kuzey kolunun kuzeybatısında düşük, kollar arası Armutlu-Ovacık bloğu altında yüksek hızlara işaret etmektedir. Referans kayıtçıların analizinde, hız oranlarında lokal değişimler hesaplanmış olsa da, bölge geneline bakıldığında KAFZ kuzey kolunun kuzeyi ile, yine KAFZ kuzey kolunun doğusu ve güney doğusu arasında görece büyük hız farkları elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, KAFZ kuzey ve güney kollarındaki hız değişimlerini ve genel tektonik ortamla ilişkilendirilen özellikleri ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Altuncu Poyraz S., Teoman M. U., Türkelli N., Kahraman M., Cambaz D., Mutlu A., Rost S., Houseman G. A., Thompson D. A., Cornwell D., Utkucu M., and Gülen L., New constraints on micro-seismicity and stress state in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone: Observations from a dense seismic array. Tectonophysics, 656, 2015.
  • Armijo R., Meyer B., Barka A., De Chabaler D. and Hubert-Ferrari A., The 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture and the tectonic evolution of the Sea of Marmara. EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 80, F664, 1999 a.
  • Armijo R., Meyer B., Hubert A. and Barka, A., Westward propagation of the North Anatolian fault into the northern Aegean: timing and kinematics. Geology, 27, 267-270, 1999b.
  • Aslan, G., Lasserre, C., Cakir, Z., Ergintav, S., Özarpaci, S., Dogan, U., et al., Shallow creep along the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture (Turkey) from GPS and high temporal resolution interferometric synthetic aperture radar data (2011–2017). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 2218–2236. https://doi.org/ 10.1029/2018JB017022, 2019.
  • Barka A., Slip distribution along the North Anatolian fault associated with large earthquakes of the period of the period 1939–1967. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 59, 521–589, 1996.
  • Barka A. and Kadinsky C., Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity. Tectonophysics, 7, 663–684, 1988.
  • Barka A., Akyuz H.S., Altunel E., Sunal G., Cakır Z., Dikbas A., Yerli B., Armijo R., Meyer B., de Chabalier J.B., Rockwell T., Dolan J.R., Hartleb R., Dawson T., Christofferson S., Tucker A., Fumal T., Langridge R., Stenner H., Lettis W., Bachhuber J. and Page W., The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 Izmit earthquake (M7.4), North Anatolian fault. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 43-60, 2002.
  • Beck S and Zandt G, Continental lithospheric deformation along a major strike-slip fault zone: the central North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. Dataset/Seismic Network. 10.7914/SN/YL_2005, 2005.
  • Ben-Zion, Y, The response of two joined quarter spaces to SH line sources located at the material discontinuity interface, Geophys. J. Int., 98, 213–222, 1989.
  • Ben-Zion Y. and Andrews D. J., Properties and implications of dynamic rupture along a material interface, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 88, 1085-1094, 1998.
  • Ben-Zion, Y., Malin, P., San Andreas fault zone head waves near Parkfield, California, Science, 251, 1592-1594, 1991.
  • Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory And Earthquake Research Institute (2001): Bogazici University Kandilli Observatory And Earthquake Research Institute. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks. Dataset/Seismic Network. 10.7914/SN/KO https://doi.org/10.7914/SN/KO, 2001.
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  • DANA Dense Array for North Anatolia. International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN). Dataset/Seismic Network. https://doi:10.7914/SN/YH_2012, 2012.
  • Delph, J.R., Biryol, C.B., Beck, S.L., Zandt, G., & Ward, K.M., 2015. Shear wave velocity structure of the Anatolian Plate: anomalously slow crust in southwestern Turkey. Geophys J Int, 202, 261 – 276, 2015.
  • Dor O., Yildirim C., Rockwell T. K., Ben-Zion Y., Emre O., Sisk M. and Duman T.Y. (2008). Geologic and geomorphologic asymmetry across the rupture zones of the 1943 and 1944 earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault: Possible signals for preferred earthquake propagation direction. Geophysical Journal International, 173, 483–504.
  • Elmas A. and Yiğitbaş E., Ophiolite emplacement by strike-slip tectonics between the Pontide Zone and the Sakarya Zone in northwestern Anatolia, Turkey, International Journal of Earth Sciences, 90, 257-269, 2001.
  • Emre Ö., Duman T. Y., Özalp S., Elmacı H., Olgun Ş., Şaroğlu F., Active fault map of Turkey with an explanatory text 1:125,000. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Special Publication Series, 30, 2013.
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  • Gülen L., Pınar A., Kalafat D., Özel N., Horasan G., Yılmazer M. and Işıkara A.M., Surface fault breaks, aftershocks distribution, and rupture process of the 17 August 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 230-244, 2002.
  • Kahraman M., Cornwell D.G., Thompson D.A., Rost S., Houseman G.A., Türkelli, N., Teoman U., Altuncu Poyraz S., Utkucu M. and Gülen L., Crustal-scale shear zones and heterogeneous structure beneath the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, revealed by a high-density seismometer array, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 430, 2015.
  • Karabulut, H., Paul, A., Cambaz, D., Kömeç Mutlu, A., Aksari, D. & Afacan Ergün, T., The images of Anatolia. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (Vol. 17), 2015.
  • Karabulut H., Paul A., Özbakır A.D., Ergün T., Şentürk S., (2019) A new crustal model of the Anatolia-Aegean domain: evidence for the dominant role of isostasy in the support of the Anatolian plateau, Geophys. J. Int. (2019) 218, 57–73.
  • McClusky S., Balassanian S., Barka A., Demir C., Ergintav S.,Georgiev I., Gurkan O., Hamburger M., Hurst K. and Kahle H., Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(B3), 5695-5719, 2000.
  • Meade B. J., Hager B.H., McClusky S.C., Reilinger R.E., Ergintav S., Lenk O., Barka A. and Ozener H., Estimates of seismic potential in the Marmara Sea region from block models of secular deformation constrained by Global Positioning System measurements, Bulletin of the Seismolical Society of America, 92, 208-215, 2002.
  • Martinez-Garzon, P., Ben-Zion Y., Zaliapinc I., Bohnhoff M., Seismic clustering in the Sea of Marmara: Implications for monitoring earthquake processes, Tectonophysics Volume 768, 5 October 2019, 228176, 2019.
  • Mitchell T. M., Ben-Zion Y. and Shimamoto T. (2011). Pulverized fault rocks and damage asymmetry along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 308, 284-297.
  • Mutlu A.K, Karabulut H., 2011, Anisotropic Pn tomography of Turkey and adjacent regions, Geophys. J.Int.187.1743-1757, 2011.
  • Najdahmadi B., Bohnhoff M., Ben-Zion Y., Bimaterial interfaces at the Karadere segment of the North Anatolian Fault, northwestern Turkey. JGR Solid Earth., https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012601.
  • Nakamura A., Hasegawa A., Ito A., Üçer B., Baris S., Honkura Y., Kono T., Hori S., Pektas,R., Komut T., Çelik C. and Isikara A.M., P-wave velocity structure of the crust and its relationship to the occurrence of the 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake and aftershocks. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92 (1), 330-338, 2002.
  • Okay A.I., Tectonic Units and Sutures in the Pontides, Northern Turkey. In: Şengör A.M.C. (eds) Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region. NATO ASI Series (Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences), vol 259. Springer, Dordrecht, 1989.
  • Özakin Y., Ben-Zion Y., Aktar M., Karabulut H. and Peng, Z. (2012). Velocity contrast across the 1944 rupture of the North Anatolian fault east of Ismetpasa from analysis of teleseismic arrivals. Geophysical Research. Letters, 39.
  • Özbakır A., Govers R., Wortel R., Active faults in the Anatolian-Aegean plate boundary region with Nubia, Turkish J Earth Sci. 26: 30-56 TUBİTAK doi:10.3906/yer-1603-4, 2017.
  • Özer, Ç., Polat, O., İzmir ve Çevresinin 3-B Kabuk Hız Yapısı. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, v. 32, n. 3, sep. 2017. ISSN 1304-4915. <http://www.mmfdergi.gazi.edu.tr/article/view/-5000183677>doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.06062, 2019.
  • Papaleo E., Cornwell D.G. and Rawlinson N., Seismic tomography of the North Anatolian Fault: New insights into structural heterogeneity along a continental strike- slip fault. Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 2017.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Ahu Komec Mutlu 0000-0003-2243-7302

Musavver Didem Cambaz 0000-0001-5395-2388

Publication Date May 22, 2020
Acceptance Date May 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Komec Mutlu, A., & Cambaz, M. D. (2020). Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(1), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.691614
AMA Komec Mutlu A, Cambaz MD. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. May 2020;6(1):166-179. doi:10.28979/comufbed.691614
Chicago Komec Mutlu, Ahu, and Musavver Didem Cambaz. “Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim Ile İncelenmesi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6, no. 1 (May 2020): 166-79. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.691614.
EndNote Komec Mutlu A, Cambaz MD (May 1, 2020) Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6 1 166–179.
IEEE A. Komec Mutlu and M. D. Cambaz, “Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi”, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 166–179, 2020, doi: 10.28979/comufbed.691614.
ISNAD Komec Mutlu, Ahu - Cambaz, Musavver Didem. “Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim Ile İncelenmesi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 6/1 (May 2020), 166-179. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.691614.
JAMA Komec Mutlu A, Cambaz MD. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;6:166–179.
MLA Komec Mutlu, Ahu and Musavver Didem Cambaz. “Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim Ile İncelenmesi”. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2020, pp. 166-79, doi:10.28979/comufbed.691614.
Vancouver Komec Mutlu A, Cambaz MD. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nun Kabuk Hızı Değişimlerinin Yoğun Sismik Dizilim ile İncelenmesi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;6(1):166-79.

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