Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Siyasal bilgi açığı: Sosyal medya kullanıcıları arasındaki siyasal bilgi açığının Türkiye’deki görünümü

Year 2024, Issue: 66, 119 - 145, 12.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de sosyal medya kullanımı ile siyasal bilgi açığı ilişkisine birincil olarak odaklanılmaktadır. Bu odak ekseninde çalışma, siyasal konular söz konusu olduğunda; sosyoekonomik statü, eğitim düzeyi, motivasyon, sosyal medya kullanımı değişkenleri kıstasında farklı düzeylerde kategorize olan bireyler arasındaki siyasal bilgi açığını sorgulama ve araştırma amacı üzerine inşa edilmektedir. Söz konusu sorunsallıktan hareketle, başat olarak eğitim düzeyi ve sosyoekonomik düzeydeki farklılaşma merkeze alınmaktadır. Cinsiyet, motivasyon ve sosyal medya kullanımı araştırılan diğer değişkenlerdir. Araştırma, günümüzün en yaygın kullanım alanına sahip olan sosyal medya ortamlarının, belirlenen kıstaslar çerçevesinde ayrı ayrı kategorize olan bireyler arasındaki siyasal bilgi düzeyine dair etkisinin anlamlı bir farklılaşmanın öncüsü olup olmadığını incelemekte ve bilgi açıklarının hangi noktalarda doğduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1076 kişi ile Türkiye geneli bir saha araştırması yapılmaktadır. Özgün değerinin bu alana dönük ülkemizdeki ilk araştırma olmasına dayanan nicel desendeki çalışmada sahadan edinilen veriler, eğitim düzeyi ve cinsiyet değişkenlerinin bilgi açığı hipotezi araştırmalarında birer belirleyen olmaktan çıktığını belgelemektedir. Sosyo ekonomik statü ve motivasyon, hala belirleyen konumundadır. Siyasal bilgi açığının Türkiye’deki görünümünü en güncel şekliyle sunan bu çalışma, söz konusu teoremin değişen ve dönüşen medya ortamları ile paralel şekilde revizyona uğradığını da belgelemektedir.

References

  • Anduiza, E., Gallego, A., & Jorba, L. (2009). The political knowledge gaps in the new media environment: Evidence from Spain. Paper Presented at the Joint Sessions of the European Consortium for Political Research, 1-23. google scholar
  • Balcı, Ş. & Akar, H. (2020). 2019 yerel seçiminde sosyal medyadaki siyasal katılım üzerinde, siyasal tutumlar, siyasal etkinlik ve sosyal medya kullanım örüntülerinin rolü: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi öğrencileri araştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 59, 55-85. google scholar
  • Bekalu, M. A., & Eggermont, S. (2013). Media use and HIV/AIDS knowledge: A knowledge gap perspective. Leuven School for Mass Communication Research. 1(4), 739-751. google scholar
  • Brantgarde, L. (1983). The information gap and municipal politics in Sweden. Communication Research, 1(10), 357-374. google scholar
  • Cho, J., & McLeod, D. (2006). Structural antecedents to knowledge and participation: Extending the knowledge gap concept to participation. Journal of Communication, 3(57), 205-228. google scholar
  • Chenn, X. (2013). The influence of social media use on knowledge gaps about science and technology among Chinese audiences. Master of Scinece Journalism and Mass Communication. Iowa State University Ames. google scholar
  • Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, B. K., & Moring, I. (2009). Media system, public knowledge and democracy: A comparative study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. google scholar
  • Donohue, G. A. Tichenor, P. J., & Olien, C. N. (1986). Metro daily pullback and knowledge gaps within and between communities. Communication Research, 2(3), 453-471. google scholar
  • Eastin, M. S., Cicchirillo, V., & Mabry A. (2015). Extending the digital divide conversation: Examining the knowledge gap through media expectancies, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59, 416-437. google scholar
  • Eveland, W. P., & Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation. Political Communication, 17, 215-237. google scholar
  • Ferrin, M., Fraile, M,. & Garcia-Albacete, G. M. (2019). Who learns in information rich contexts? The informative effects of the 2015 Spanish electoral campaign. The International Journal of Press/Politics. 3(3), 315-340. google scholar
  • Fraile, M., & Iyengar, S. (2014). Not all news sources are equally informative: A cross-national analysis of political knowledge in Europe. The International Journal of Press-Politics. google scholar
  • Fraile, M., & Gomez, R. (2017). Why does Alejandro know more about politics than Catalina? Explaining the Latin American gender gap in political knowledge. British Journal of Political Science, 47, 91-112. google scholar
  • Fredin, E. S., Monnett, T. S., & Kosicki, G. M. (1994). Knowledge gaps, social locators and media schemata: Gaps, reverse gaps, and gaps of disaffection. Journalism Quarterly. 1(1), 176-190. google scholar
  • Gaziano, C. (2014). Components of the belief gap: Ideology and education. Sage Open, 1(1), 1-14. google scholar
  • Gaziano, C. (2017). Knowledge gap: History and development. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 1-12. google scholar
  • Graber, D. A. (1990). Seeing is remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from television news. Journal of Communication, 3(40), 134-155. google scholar
  • Griffin, R. J. (1990). Energy in eighties: Education, communicationand knowledge gap. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 554-566. google scholar
  • Güz, N. & Yanık, N. (2017). Bilgi açığı hipotezi ve yeni medya. Yeni Medya, 2, 1-14. google scholar
  • Hall, S. (2005). Kodlama, kodaçımlama: Medya ve izleyici bitmeyen tartışma (der. Şahinde Yavuz). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Jeffery J. M., & Mary R. A. (2004). Bilgi açığı: Siyasi bilgide cinsiyete dayalı farklılıkların yeniden incelenmesi. Journal of Politics. 2, 492-512. google scholar
  • Jerit, J., Barabas, J., & Bolsen, T. (2006). Citizens, knowledge, and the information environment. American Journal of PoliticalScience, 50, 266- 282. google scholar
  • Jerit, J. & Barabas, J. (2017). Revisiting the gender gap in political knowledge. Polit Behav, 39, 817-838. google scholar
  • Kim, S. J. (2008). Testing the knowledge gap hypothesis in South Korea: Traditional news media, the internet, and political learning. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 6(20), 93-210. google scholar
  • Kwak, N. (1999). Revisiting the knowledge gap hypothesis: Education, motivation, and media use. Communication Research, 4, 385-413. google scholar
  • Lilleker, D. G. (2013). Siyasal iletişim temel kavramlar. İstanbul: Kaknüs İletişim. google scholar
  • Lovrich, N. P. & Pierce, J. C. (1984). Knowledge gap phenomena: Effect of situation-spesificand transsituational factors. Communication Research. 3, 415-435. google scholar
  • McQuail, D. & Windahl, S. (1997). Kitle iletişim modelleri (K. Yumlu, Çev.). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. google scholar Moore, D. W. (1987). Political campaigns and the knowledge-gap hypothesis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51, 186-200. google scholar
  • Morozov, E. (2018). Facebook ve Twitter sadece devrimcilerin gittiği yerlerdir. Yeni Medya Kuramları. (edt. F. Aydoğan). İstanbul: Der Yayınları. google scholar
  • Ngai, E. W. T., Tao, S. S. C., & Moon, K. K. L. (2015). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management, 35, 33-44. google scholar
  • Niederdeppe, J., Fowler, E. F., Goldstein, K., & Pribble, J. (2010). Does local television news coverage cultivate fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention?. Journal of Communication, 8(60), 230-253. google scholar
  • Novak, K. (1977). From information gaps to communication potential. Current Theories in Scandinavian Communication Denmark: Grenea. google scholar
  • Özçetin, B. (2018). Kitle iletişim kuramları: Kavramlar, okullar, modeller. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
  • Pereira, M. F., Fraile, M., & Rubal, M. (2014). Young and gapped? Political knowledge of girls and boys in Europe. Political Research Quarterly. 68, 63-76. google scholar
  • Poe, M. T. (2019). İletişim tarihi: Konuşmanın evriminden internete medya ve toplum. (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Islık Yayınları. google scholar
  • Robinson, J. P. (1990). Television news and the informed public: Not the main source. Journal of Communication, 40, 117-135. google scholar
  • Shehata, A. & Strömback, J. (2018). Learning political news from social media: Network media logic and current affairs news learning in a high-choice media environment. Communication Research, 1, 56-64. google scholar
  • Schuefele, D. A. (2002). Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory nehavior. Communication Research, 7(29), 46-65. google scholar
  • Speight, K. (1999). Gaps in the worldwide information explosion: How the internet is affecting the worldwide knowledge gap. Telematics and Informatics, 16, 135-150. google scholar
  • Şeker, T. (2005). İnternet ve bilgi açığı. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Tichenor, P. J. Donohue, G. A., & Olien, C. N. (1970). Mass media flowand diffirential growth in knowledge. Public Opininon Quarterly, 34, 159-170. google scholar
  • Tichenor, P. J. Donohue, G. A., & Olien, C. N. (1987). Effect of use of metro dailies on the knowledge gap in small towns. Journalism Quarterly, 64, 329-336. google scholar
  • Tokgöz, O. (2015). İletişim kuramlarına anlam vermek. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Tran, H. (2013). Does exposure to online media matter? The knowledge gap and the mediating Role of News Use. International Journal of Communication, 7, 831-852. google scholar
  • Wei, L. & Hindman, D. B. (2011) . The digital divide matter more? Comparing the effects of new media and old media use on the education-based knowledge gap. Mass Communication and Society, 2(2), 216-235. google scholar
  • Yanık, H. (2015). Bilgi Açığı Hipotezi ve Yeni Medya, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara. google scholar
  • Yaylagül, L. (2013). Kitle iletişim kuramları egemen ve eleştirel yaklaşımlar. (5. Baskı), Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları. google scholar
  • Yüksel, E. (2013). İletişim kuramları. (1. Baskı). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar

The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye

Year 2024, Issue: 66, 119 - 145, 12.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578

Abstract

This study primarily focuses on the relationship between social media use and the political knowledge gap in Türkiye. Regarding political issues, the work in this focus axis is built on questioning and researching the political knowledge gap among individuals categorized at different levels regarding socio-economic status, education level, motivation, and social media use variables. Based on the problem, the differentiation in education and socio-economic level is at the center. Gender, motivation, and social media use are other investigated variables. The research examines whether the effect of social media environments, which are today’s most common usage area, on the level of political knowledge reveals a meaningful differentiation and reveals at what points information gaps arise. For this purpose, field research was carried out in Türkiye with 1.076 people. The study has a quantitative design based on the fact that its original value is in its being the first research in this field in the country. The data obtained from the documents showed that education level and gender variables are no longer determining factors in the knowledge gap hypothesis research.

References

  • Anduiza, E., Gallego, A., & Jorba, L. (2009). The political knowledge gaps in the new media environment: Evidence from Spain. Paper Presented at the Joint Sessions of the European Consortium for Political Research, 1-23. google scholar
  • Balcı, Ş. & Akar, H. (2020). 2019 yerel seçiminde sosyal medyadaki siyasal katılım üzerinde, siyasal tutumlar, siyasal etkinlik ve sosyal medya kullanım örüntülerinin rolü: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi öğrencileri araştırması. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, 59, 55-85. google scholar
  • Bekalu, M. A., & Eggermont, S. (2013). Media use and HIV/AIDS knowledge: A knowledge gap perspective. Leuven School for Mass Communication Research. 1(4), 739-751. google scholar
  • Brantgarde, L. (1983). The information gap and municipal politics in Sweden. Communication Research, 1(10), 357-374. google scholar
  • Cho, J., & McLeod, D. (2006). Structural antecedents to knowledge and participation: Extending the knowledge gap concept to participation. Journal of Communication, 3(57), 205-228. google scholar
  • Chenn, X. (2013). The influence of social media use on knowledge gaps about science and technology among Chinese audiences. Master of Scinece Journalism and Mass Communication. Iowa State University Ames. google scholar
  • Curran, J., Iyengar, S., Lund, B. K., & Moring, I. (2009). Media system, public knowledge and democracy: A comparative study. European Journal of Communication, 24(1), 5-26. google scholar
  • Donohue, G. A. Tichenor, P. J., & Olien, C. N. (1986). Metro daily pullback and knowledge gaps within and between communities. Communication Research, 2(3), 453-471. google scholar
  • Eastin, M. S., Cicchirillo, V., & Mabry A. (2015). Extending the digital divide conversation: Examining the knowledge gap through media expectancies, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59, 416-437. google scholar
  • Eveland, W. P., & Scheufele, D. A. (2000). Connecting news media use with gaps in knowledge and participation. Political Communication, 17, 215-237. google scholar
  • Ferrin, M., Fraile, M,. & Garcia-Albacete, G. M. (2019). Who learns in information rich contexts? The informative effects of the 2015 Spanish electoral campaign. The International Journal of Press/Politics. 3(3), 315-340. google scholar
  • Fraile, M., & Iyengar, S. (2014). Not all news sources are equally informative: A cross-national analysis of political knowledge in Europe. The International Journal of Press-Politics. google scholar
  • Fraile, M., & Gomez, R. (2017). Why does Alejandro know more about politics than Catalina? Explaining the Latin American gender gap in political knowledge. British Journal of Political Science, 47, 91-112. google scholar
  • Fredin, E. S., Monnett, T. S., & Kosicki, G. M. (1994). Knowledge gaps, social locators and media schemata: Gaps, reverse gaps, and gaps of disaffection. Journalism Quarterly. 1(1), 176-190. google scholar
  • Gaziano, C. (2014). Components of the belief gap: Ideology and education. Sage Open, 1(1), 1-14. google scholar
  • Gaziano, C. (2017). Knowledge gap: History and development. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 1-12. google scholar
  • Graber, D. A. (1990). Seeing is remembering: How visuals contribute to learning from television news. Journal of Communication, 3(40), 134-155. google scholar
  • Griffin, R. J. (1990). Energy in eighties: Education, communicationand knowledge gap. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 554-566. google scholar
  • Güz, N. & Yanık, N. (2017). Bilgi açığı hipotezi ve yeni medya. Yeni Medya, 2, 1-14. google scholar
  • Hall, S. (2005). Kodlama, kodaçımlama: Medya ve izleyici bitmeyen tartışma (der. Şahinde Yavuz). Ankara: Vadi Yayınları. google scholar
  • Jeffery J. M., & Mary R. A. (2004). Bilgi açığı: Siyasi bilgide cinsiyete dayalı farklılıkların yeniden incelenmesi. Journal of Politics. 2, 492-512. google scholar
  • Jerit, J., Barabas, J., & Bolsen, T. (2006). Citizens, knowledge, and the information environment. American Journal of PoliticalScience, 50, 266- 282. google scholar
  • Jerit, J. & Barabas, J. (2017). Revisiting the gender gap in political knowledge. Polit Behav, 39, 817-838. google scholar
  • Kim, S. J. (2008). Testing the knowledge gap hypothesis in South Korea: Traditional news media, the internet, and political learning. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 6(20), 93-210. google scholar
  • Kwak, N. (1999). Revisiting the knowledge gap hypothesis: Education, motivation, and media use. Communication Research, 4, 385-413. google scholar
  • Lilleker, D. G. (2013). Siyasal iletişim temel kavramlar. İstanbul: Kaknüs İletişim. google scholar
  • Lovrich, N. P. & Pierce, J. C. (1984). Knowledge gap phenomena: Effect of situation-spesificand transsituational factors. Communication Research. 3, 415-435. google scholar
  • McQuail, D. & Windahl, S. (1997). Kitle iletişim modelleri (K. Yumlu, Çev.). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. google scholar Moore, D. W. (1987). Political campaigns and the knowledge-gap hypothesis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 51, 186-200. google scholar
  • Morozov, E. (2018). Facebook ve Twitter sadece devrimcilerin gittiği yerlerdir. Yeni Medya Kuramları. (edt. F. Aydoğan). İstanbul: Der Yayınları. google scholar
  • Ngai, E. W. T., Tao, S. S. C., & Moon, K. K. L. (2015). Social media research: Theories, constructs, and conceptual frameworks. International Journal of Information Management, 35, 33-44. google scholar
  • Niederdeppe, J., Fowler, E. F., Goldstein, K., & Pribble, J. (2010). Does local television news coverage cultivate fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention?. Journal of Communication, 8(60), 230-253. google scholar
  • Novak, K. (1977). From information gaps to communication potential. Current Theories in Scandinavian Communication Denmark: Grenea. google scholar
  • Özçetin, B. (2018). Kitle iletişim kuramları: Kavramlar, okullar, modeller. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları. google scholar
  • Pereira, M. F., Fraile, M., & Rubal, M. (2014). Young and gapped? Political knowledge of girls and boys in Europe. Political Research Quarterly. 68, 63-76. google scholar
  • Poe, M. T. (2019). İletişim tarihi: Konuşmanın evriminden internete medya ve toplum. (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Islık Yayınları. google scholar
  • Robinson, J. P. (1990). Television news and the informed public: Not the main source. Journal of Communication, 40, 117-135. google scholar
  • Shehata, A. & Strömback, J. (2018). Learning political news from social media: Network media logic and current affairs news learning in a high-choice media environment. Communication Research, 1, 56-64. google scholar
  • Schuefele, D. A. (2002). Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory nehavior. Communication Research, 7(29), 46-65. google scholar
  • Speight, K. (1999). Gaps in the worldwide information explosion: How the internet is affecting the worldwide knowledge gap. Telematics and Informatics, 16, 135-150. google scholar
  • Şeker, T. (2005). İnternet ve bilgi açığı. Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Tichenor, P. J. Donohue, G. A., & Olien, C. N. (1970). Mass media flowand diffirential growth in knowledge. Public Opininon Quarterly, 34, 159-170. google scholar
  • Tichenor, P. J. Donohue, G. A., & Olien, C. N. (1987). Effect of use of metro dailies on the knowledge gap in small towns. Journalism Quarterly, 64, 329-336. google scholar
  • Tokgöz, O. (2015). İletişim kuramlarına anlam vermek. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi. google scholar
  • Tran, H. (2013). Does exposure to online media matter? The knowledge gap and the mediating Role of News Use. International Journal of Communication, 7, 831-852. google scholar
  • Wei, L. & Hindman, D. B. (2011) . The digital divide matter more? Comparing the effects of new media and old media use on the education-based knowledge gap. Mass Communication and Society, 2(2), 216-235. google scholar
  • Yanık, H. (2015). Bilgi Açığı Hipotezi ve Yeni Medya, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara. google scholar
  • Yaylagül, L. (2013). Kitle iletişim kuramları egemen ve eleştirel yaklaşımlar. (5. Baskı), Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları. google scholar
  • Yüksel, E. (2013). İletişim kuramları. (1. Baskı). Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları. google scholar
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Çiçek Topçu 0000-0002-9273-2529

Meral Serarslan 0000-0003-2059-5585

Publication Date July 12, 2024
Submission Date January 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 66

Cite

APA Topçu, Ç., & Serarslan, M. (2024). The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences(66), 119-145. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578
AMA Topçu Ç, Serarslan M. The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. July 2024;(66):119-145. doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578
Chicago Topçu, Çiçek, and Meral Serarslan. “The View of Political Knowledge Gap Among Social Media Users in Türkiye”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 66 (July 2024): 119-45. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578.
EndNote Topçu Ç, Serarslan M (July 1, 2024) The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 66 119–145.
IEEE Ç. Topçu and M. Serarslan, “The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye”, Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 66, pp. 119–145, July 2024, doi: 10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578.
ISNAD Topçu, Çiçek - Serarslan, Meral. “The View of Political Knowledge Gap Among Social Media Users in Türkiye”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 66 (July 2024), 119-145. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578.
JAMA Topçu Ç, Serarslan M. The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2024;:119–145.
MLA Topçu, Çiçek and Meral Serarslan. “The View of Political Knowledge Gap Among Social Media Users in Türkiye”. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, no. 66, 2024, pp. 119-45, doi:10.26650/CONNECTIST2023-1056578.
Vancouver Topçu Ç, Serarslan M. The view of political knowledge gap among social media users in Türkiye. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences. 2024(66):119-45.