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Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 61, 1155 - 1172, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Bu makale İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası ABD’de emek ve çalışma sorunsalı üzerine yoğunlaşan çalışmaların teorik bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktadır. Savaşın hemen ardından hâkim olan liberal muzaffercilik çalışma olgusunu yönetim biliminin bir öğesine indirgemiş ve bunu yaparken emek ile sermaye arasındaki büyük çelişkinin sona erdiği iddiasında bulunmuştu. Bu uzlaşı 1960’ların sonundan itibaren eşzamanlı olarak ortaya çıkan büyük çaplı sosyal, politik ve ekonomik krizle birlikte çöktü. Bu çöküşün çalışma ve emek sorunsalına bakışa doğrudan etkileri oldu. Marx’tan etkilenen çalışmalar tekrar ortaya çıktı ve Harry Braverman gibi öncü figürler aracılığıyla emek süreci kavramı tekrar akademik çalışmaların merkezine geldi. Bu ilgi daha sonraları emek sürecinden emek hareketlerine kaymıştır. Bu kayışın ve değişen çalışma ve emek süreci kavrayışlarının emek çalışmaları alanı açısından kuramsal analizi yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu tür bir kuramsal analiz ayrıca ABD’nin 1970’lerden bu yana geçirdiği geniş çaplı sosyal, siyasi ve ekonomik dönüşümleri anlamak için anahtar konumundadır. Bu makale ABD’deki geç sınai kültürün dinamiklerini çalışma sorunsalı üzerine temel tartışmaları analiz ederek deşifre etmeyi ve kuramsal bir perspektif sunmayı hedeflemektedir

References

  • Aglietta, M. (1979). A Theory of Capitalist Regulation: The US Experience. London: New Left Books.
  • Amsden, A. H. (2004). The rise of "the rest": Challenges to the West from Lateindustrializing Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Arendt, H. (1958). The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aronowitz, S., & DiFazio, W. (2010). The Jobless Future. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books.
  • Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Brennan, T. (2009). Labor and Logic of Abstraction: An Interview with Moishe Postone. South Atlantic Quarterly, 108(2), 305–330.
  • Brenner, A., Brenner, R., & Winslow, C. (2010). Rebel Rank and File: Labor Militancy and Revolt from Below in the Long 1970s. London: Verso.
  • Brenner, R. (2010). The Political Economy of the Rank-and-File Rebellion. In A.
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  • Burawoy, M. (1979). The Anthropology of Industrial Work. Annual Review of Anthropology, 8, 231–266.
  • Burawoy, M. (1982). Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Burawoy, M. (2008). The Public Turn: From Labor Process to Labor Movement. Work and Occupations, 35(4), 371–387.
  • Burawoy, M. (2010). From Polanyi to Pollyanna: The False Optimism of Global Labor Studies. Global Labour Journal, 1(2).
  • Chang, H.-J. (2002). Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.
  • Edwards, R. (1975). Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century. New York: Basic Books.
  • Evans, P. (2010). Is It Labor’s Turn to Globalize? Twenty-first Century Opportunities and Strategic Responses. Global Labor Journal, 1(3).
  • Feldman, S. (2009). Historicizing Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh: Gender, Generation, and New Regulatory Regimes. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 11(1).
  • Gier, H. G. de. (2010). Paradise lost revisited : GM & the UAW in historical perspective. Working paper series in management. Nijmegen: Nijmegen School of Management, Institute for Management Research, Radboud University
  • Gordon, C. (1999). The Lost City of Solidarity: Metropolitan Unionism in Historical Perspective. Politics & Society, 27(4).
  • Kalleberg, A. L. (2013). Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: The Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Katz, H. C. (1987). Shifting Gears: Changing Labor Relations in the U.S. Automobile Industry. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Katz, H. C. (2001). Afterword: Whither the American Labor Movement? In L. Turner, H. C. Katz, & R. W. Hurd (Eds.), Rekindling the Movement: Labor’s Quest for Relevance in the Twenty-first Century (pp. 339–349). Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Katz, H. C. (2004). The Spread of Coordination and Decentralization without National-Level Tripartism. In H. C. Katz, W. Lee, & J. Lee (Eds.), The New Structure of Labor Relations: Tripartism and Decentralization. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Katz, H. C., & Darbishire, O. (2000). Converging divergences : worldwide changes in employment systems. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Katz, H. C., Kochan, T. A., & Colvin, A. J. (2017). An Introduction to U.S. Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Kerr, C. (1960). Industrialism and Industrial Man: The Problems of Labor and Management in Economic Growth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Lee, C. K. (1998). Gender and the South China Miracle: Two Worlds of Factory Women. Berkeley: The University of California Press.
  • McKay, S. (2006). Satanic Mills or Silicon Islands: The Politics of High-Tech Production in the Phillippines. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Milkman, R. (2006). L.A. Story: Immigrant Workers and the Future of the U.S. Labor Movement. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Milkman, R., Bloom, J., & Narro, V. (2010). Working for Justice: The L.A. Model of Organizing and Advocacy. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Milkman, R., & Voss, K. (2004). Rebuilding Labor: Organizing and Organizers in the New Union Movement. An ILR press book. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Piore, M. J., & Sabel, C. F. (1984). The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.
  • Smith, V. (2001). Crossing the Great Divide: Worker Risk and Opportunity in the New Economy. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Thompson, E. P. (1963). The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Thompson, P., & Smith, C. (2010). Working Life: Renewing Labour Process Analysis. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Turner, L. (2005). From Transformation to Revitalization: A New Research Agenda for a Contested Global Economy. Work and Occupations, 32(4), 383– 399.
  • Turner, L., & Cornfield, D. B. (Eds.). (2007). Labor in the New Urban Battlegrounds: Local Solidarity in a Global Economy. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Voss, K., & Fantasia, R. (2004). Hard Work. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Voss, K., & Sherman, R. (2000). Breaking the Iron Law of Oligarchy: Union Revitalization in the American Labor Movement. American Journal of Sociology, 106(2), 303–349.
  • Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham: Duke University Press.

The Sociology of Work in the Post-War United States: A Theoretical Assessment

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 61, 1155 - 1172, 01.01.2019

Abstract

This article explores the post-World War II interest in the problem of work in the United States. Liberal triumphalist approaches of the immediate post-war era reduced work to an element of management as the greater conflict between labor and capital, they argued, was overcome. However, starting from the late 1960s, this theoretical resolution started to dissolve due to the simultaneous emergence of political, social and economic crises in American society. This had direct repercussions in the ways in which work is perceived and studied. Marxian works made a comeback and moved the concept of labor process to the center of theoretical endeavors to study work primarily thanks to the work of Harry Braverman. This interest later evolved into the study of a more comprehensive study of labor movement. The changing place of work especially among critical literature deserves closer and theoretical attention. It is also an excellent entry point to understand wide-ranging social, political and economic transformations shaped American society since the 1970s. This article is an attempt to decode the dynamics of late industrialism in the U.S. via providing a theoretical assessment of key debates on work

References

  • Aglietta, M. (1979). A Theory of Capitalist Regulation: The US Experience. London: New Left Books.
  • Amsden, A. H. (2004). The rise of "the rest": Challenges to the West from Lateindustrializing Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Arendt, H. (1958). The Human Condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Aronowitz, S., & DiFazio, W. (2010). The Jobless Future. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Bell, D. (1973). The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books.
  • Braverman, H. (1974). Labor and Monopoly Capital: The Degradation of Work in the Twentieth Century. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Brennan, T. (2009). Labor and Logic of Abstraction: An Interview with Moishe Postone. South Atlantic Quarterly, 108(2), 305–330.
  • Brenner, A., Brenner, R., & Winslow, C. (2010). Rebel Rank and File: Labor Militancy and Revolt from Below in the Long 1970s. London: Verso.
  • Brenner, R. (2010). The Political Economy of the Rank-and-File Rebellion. In A.
  • Brenner, R. Brenner, & C. Winslow (Eds.), Rebel Rank and File: Labor Militancy and Revolt from Below in the Long 1970s. London: Verso.
  • Burawoy, M. (1979). The Anthropology of Industrial Work. Annual Review of Anthropology, 8, 231–266.
  • Burawoy, M. (1982). Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Burawoy, M. (2008). The Public Turn: From Labor Process to Labor Movement. Work and Occupations, 35(4), 371–387.
  • Burawoy, M. (2010). From Polanyi to Pollyanna: The False Optimism of Global Labor Studies. Global Labour Journal, 1(2).
  • Chang, H.-J. (2002). Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.
  • Edwards, R. (1975). Contested Terrain: The Transformation of the Workplace in the Twentieth Century. New York: Basic Books.
  • Evans, P. (2010). Is It Labor’s Turn to Globalize? Twenty-first Century Opportunities and Strategic Responses. Global Labor Journal, 1(3).
  • Feldman, S. (2009). Historicizing Garment Manufacturing in Bangladesh: Gender, Generation, and New Regulatory Regimes. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 11(1).
  • Gier, H. G. de. (2010). Paradise lost revisited : GM & the UAW in historical perspective. Working paper series in management. Nijmegen: Nijmegen School of Management, Institute for Management Research, Radboud University
  • Gordon, C. (1999). The Lost City of Solidarity: Metropolitan Unionism in Historical Perspective. Politics & Society, 27(4).
  • Kalleberg, A. L. (2013). Good Jobs, Bad Jobs: The Rise of Polarized and Precarious Employment Systems in the United States, 1970s to 2000s. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Katz, H. C. (1987). Shifting Gears: Changing Labor Relations in the U.S. Automobile Industry. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Katz, H. C. (2001). Afterword: Whither the American Labor Movement? In L. Turner, H. C. Katz, & R. W. Hurd (Eds.), Rekindling the Movement: Labor’s Quest for Relevance in the Twenty-first Century (pp. 339–349). Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Katz, H. C. (2004). The Spread of Coordination and Decentralization without National-Level Tripartism. In H. C. Katz, W. Lee, & J. Lee (Eds.), The New Structure of Labor Relations: Tripartism and Decentralization. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Katz, H. C., & Darbishire, O. (2000). Converging divergences : worldwide changes in employment systems. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Katz, H. C., Kochan, T. A., & Colvin, A. J. (2017). An Introduction to U.S. Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Kerr, C. (1960). Industrialism and Industrial Man: The Problems of Labor and Management in Economic Growth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Lee, C. K. (1998). Gender and the South China Miracle: Two Worlds of Factory Women. Berkeley: The University of California Press.
  • McKay, S. (2006). Satanic Mills or Silicon Islands: The Politics of High-Tech Production in the Phillippines. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Milkman, R. (2006). L.A. Story: Immigrant Workers and the Future of the U.S. Labor Movement. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Milkman, R., Bloom, J., & Narro, V. (2010). Working for Justice: The L.A. Model of Organizing and Advocacy. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Milkman, R., & Voss, K. (2004). Rebuilding Labor: Organizing and Organizers in the New Union Movement. An ILR press book. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  • Piore, M. J., & Sabel, C. F. (1984). The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.
  • Smith, V. (2001). Crossing the Great Divide: Worker Risk and Opportunity in the New Economy. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Thompson, E. P. (1963). The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Thompson, P., & Smith, C. (2010). Working Life: Renewing Labour Process Analysis. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Turner, L. (2005). From Transformation to Revitalization: A New Research Agenda for a Contested Global Economy. Work and Occupations, 32(4), 383– 399.
  • Turner, L., & Cornfield, D. B. (Eds.). (2007). Labor in the New Urban Battlegrounds: Local Solidarity in a Global Economy. Ithaca: ILR Press.
  • Voss, K., & Fantasia, R. (2004). Hard Work. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Voss, K., & Sherman, R. (2000). Breaking the Iron Law of Oligarchy: Union Revitalization in the American Labor Movement. American Journal of Sociology, 106(2), 303–349.
  • Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham: Duke University Press.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Evren M. Dinçer This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 61

Cite

APA Dinçer, E. M. (2019). The Sociology of Work in the Post-War United States: A Theoretical Assessment. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 2(61), 1155-1172.

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