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Çalışma Yaşamında Yaş Ayrımcılığı ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Yaş Ayrımcılığı Düzenlemesi Üzerine

Year 2010, Volume: 1 Issue: 24, 1 - 30, 01.01.2010

Dilek Baybora

Abstract

Ayrımcılık, kişilere, bazı kişisel özellikleri veya belirli sosyal gruplara üye olmaları nedeniyle farklı ve haksız davranılmasıdır. Dezavantajlı bazı kişileri veya grupları etkileyen süreçlerden oluşmaktadır, tanımlanması da zor ve açık değildir. Çalışma yaşamında kişilere yaşları nedeniyle diğer kişilerden farklı davranılmasına yönelik önlemler alınmakla birlikte yaş ayrımcılığı varlığını sürdürmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde uzun bir süredir uygulanan yaş ayrımcılığı düzenlemeleri bulunmaktadır. Yapılan düzenlemelerle kişilerin çalışma yaşamında yaşları nedeniyle ayrımcı davranışlarla karşılaşmaları önlenmek istenmektedir.

Keywords

Ayrımcılık yaş ayrımcılığı ABD’de yaş ayrımcılığı

References

  • ‘Age Discrimination and European Law, Fundamental Rights&Anti-Discrimination’. (April 2005) European Commission [http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/publications/2005/ke6805147_en.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • ‘Age Discrimination Legislation: Choices for the UK’ [www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/711.asp (03.07.2006)].
  • Ageing and Employment Policy, United Kingdom. (2004); OECD, Paris. Ageing and Later Life (Ed. Julia Jonhson-Robert Slater). (1993); The Open University, Sage Pub., London.
  • ‘Ayrımcılığa Karşı Etkili, Sürekli ve Ortak Mücadele’ (Çev. Mustafa Kemal COŞKUN). (Şubat 2005); Uluslararası Hür Sendikalar Konfederasyonu 18. Dünya Kongresi Miyazaki, 2–10 Aralık 2004, Sendikal Notlar, S.25, ss.104–111.
  • ‘Briefing Experience of Age Discrimination: the Evidence’ [http://www.taen.org.uk/Publications/Brief%20EvidenceAge10-04.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • ‘Discrimination Law’ [http://kazarosian.com/discrimination.htm [15.01.2007)].
  • ‘Elimination of Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation’ [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.static_jump? (13.08.2007)].
  • ‘Employment Discrimination’ [http://www.cityofdubuque.org/index.cfm?pageid=394 (08.01.2007)].
  • ‘Equality at Work: Tackling the Challenges’. (2007); International Labour Conference 96th Session 2007 Report I(B), ILO, Geneva.
  • ‘Facts About Age Discrimination’, The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/age.html (20.02.2006)].
  • ‘Older People in Working Life Presentation of Relevant Actions by Local and Regional Authorities’. (2003); Brussel.
  • ‘Time for Equality at Work’. (2003); International Labour Conference 91st Session 2003 Report I(B), ILO, Geneva.
  • ‘Understanding Discrimination’ [http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/discrim/id_8_ud_race.asp (11.01.2007)].
  • ‘What does the Supreme Court’s Age Discrimination Decision Mean for Your Company’. (May 2005); HR Focus, Vol.82, Iss.5, pp.4–5 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=841849361&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Bible, Jon D.. (Fall 2005); ‘Right Without a Remedy?: Supreme Court Allows Disparate Impact Claims under the ADEA’, Labor Law Journal, Vol.56, Iss.3, pp.161-171 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=910276911&sid=3&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (02.07.2006)].
  • Bible, Jon D.. (Summer 2004); ‘Grosjean V. First Enegy Corp.: The Relevance of Age Diffirentials in a Prima Facie ADEA Case’, Labor Law Journal, Vol.55, Iss.2, pp.112-118 [proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=695028301&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VName=P QD (05.07.2006)].
  • Büsch, Victoria-Königstein, Manfred. (Temmuz 2001); ‘Age Discrimation in Hiring Decisions a Questionnaire Study’ [http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/communications/pdf/2001/enepri07080901/busch-kong.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • Cavanagh, Matt. (2003); Against Equality of Opportunity, Clarendon Pres, Oxford. Connolly, Michael. (2004); Townshend-Smith on Discrimination Law: Text, Cases and Materials, Edt.2, Cavendish Pub., Great Britain.
  • Grossman, Joanna. ‘Accidental Age Discrimination?: The Supreme Court Considers The Viability of ‘Dispatare Impact’ Claims’ [http://writ.news.findlaw.com/grossman/20041116.html (27.01.2007)].
  • Hepple, Bob. (2001); ‘Equality and Empowerment for Decent Work’, International Labour Review, Vol.140, No.1, ss.5–18.
  • Kros, Jeffrey J..(Aug 2005); ‘Worldatwork to Weigh in on Erie County’, Workspan, Vol.48, Iss.8 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=879125251&sid=3&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (02.07.2006)].
  • Lapointe, Martin K.-Fogarty, Jr John G.. (Summer 2004); ‘A ‘Means to an End’: The Cline Court’s Pragmatic Refusal to Allow Reverse Discrimination under the ADEA’, Labor Law Journal, Vol.55, Iss.2, pp.85-98 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=695028291&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Macnicol, John. (2006); Age Discrimination An Historical and Contemporary Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Martucci, William C.-Smith Eric W.. (Winter 2001); ‘Old Enough to Vote, Old Enough to SueRecent Developments in State Age Discrimination Law’, Employment Relations Today, Vol.27, Iss.4, pp.97-103.
  • Neumark, David. (Jul 2003); ‘Age Discrimination Legislation in the United States’, Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol.21, Iss.3 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=376654431&sid=5&Fmt=4&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Nixon, Mike. (21.05.2005); ‘Commentary: Employers Cautioned on Unintened Age Discrimination’, St. Charlers County Business Record, [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=842965771&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Onur, Bekir. (1991); Gelişim Psikolojisi, Yaşlılık, Ölüm, B.2, Verso Ya., Ankara.
  • Peng, Berlinda-Kleiner Brian H. (1999); ‘New Developments in Age Discrimination’, Equal Opportunities International, Vol.18, Iss.1–4, pp.72–76 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=294844151&sid=5&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Phomphakdy, Ratsamy-Kleiner, Brian H.. (1999); ‘How to Eliminate Discrimination in the Workplace’, Equal Oppurtunities International, Vol.18, Iss.2-4, pp.43-46 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=294844081&sid=5&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Schulte, Bernd. ‘Age Discrimination in Europe’ [http://www.univie.ac.at/impactofageing/pdf/schulte.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • Segrave, Kerry. (2001); Age Discrimination by Employers, McFarland&Company Inc. Publishers, United States of America.
  • Shuler, Phillip. (Jun 2005); ‘Supreme Court Expand Age Discrimination Act, but Limits Impact of Ruling’, Louisiana Contractor, Vol.54, Iss.6 p.39 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=855247181&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Skapinker, Michael. (25.05.2005); ‘The Demographic Tide will Sweep Away Age Discrimination’, Financial Times, London, p.13 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=844353371sid=8Fmt=3clientld=41947RQT=309VName=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Thompson, Sue. (2005); Age Discrimination, Russel House Pub., Oxford.
  • Tomei, Manuela (Çev. Şerife Geniş). (Kasım 2004); ‘Çalışma Hayatında Ayrımcılık ve Eşitlik: Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme’, Sendikal Notlar, S.24, ss.56–75.
  • Zall, Milton. (Apr 1998); ‘Age Discrimination’, Managing Office Technology, Vol.43, Iss.3, p.9 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=28595865sid=Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VName=P QD (05.07.2006)].
  • Zall, Milton. (Apr 2000); ‘Age Discrimination-What is It Besides Illegal?’, Fleet Equipment, Vol.26, Iss.4, pp.39–41 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=52943753&sid,04&Fmt=4&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • http://www.census.gov/population/projections/nation/summary (15.03.2007).
  • http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/DiscriminationAtWork/DG_10026557 (23.02.2007).
  • http://www.milliyet.com.tr/1997/03/25/yasam/akil.html (12.08.2005).

Year 2010, Volume: 1 Issue: 24, 1 - 30, 01.01.2010

Dilek Baybora

Abstract

Discrimination is treating some people differently and unfair because of their personal characteristics or because they are members of certain social groups. It is composed of process that affect certain disadvantaged people or groups and it does not have an easy or clear definition. Even though in working life precautions are taken to prevent treatment of people differently because of their age, age discrimination still subsists. In United States of America, there are age discrimination regulations that have been in effect for a long time. The aim of these regulations is to prevent discriminating acts against people because of their ages

Keywords

Discrimination age discrimination age discrimination in USA

References

  • ‘Age Discrimination and European Law, Fundamental Rights&Anti-Discrimination’. (April 2005) European Commission [http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/publications/2005/ke6805147_en.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • ‘Age Discrimination Legislation: Choices for the UK’ [www.jrf.org.uk/knowledge/findings/socialpolicy/711.asp (03.07.2006)].
  • Ageing and Employment Policy, United Kingdom. (2004); OECD, Paris. Ageing and Later Life (Ed. Julia Jonhson-Robert Slater). (1993); The Open University, Sage Pub., London.
  • ‘Ayrımcılığa Karşı Etkili, Sürekli ve Ortak Mücadele’ (Çev. Mustafa Kemal COŞKUN). (Şubat 2005); Uluslararası Hür Sendikalar Konfederasyonu 18. Dünya Kongresi Miyazaki, 2–10 Aralık 2004, Sendikal Notlar, S.25, ss.104–111.
  • ‘Briefing Experience of Age Discrimination: the Evidence’ [http://www.taen.org.uk/Publications/Brief%20EvidenceAge10-04.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • ‘Discrimination Law’ [http://kazarosian.com/discrimination.htm [15.01.2007)].
  • ‘Elimination of Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation’ [http://www.ilo.org/dyn/declaris/DECLARATIONWEB.static_jump? (13.08.2007)].
  • ‘Employment Discrimination’ [http://www.cityofdubuque.org/index.cfm?pageid=394 (08.01.2007)].
  • ‘Equality at Work: Tackling the Challenges’. (2007); International Labour Conference 96th Session 2007 Report I(B), ILO, Geneva.
  • ‘Facts About Age Discrimination’, The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/age.html (20.02.2006)].
  • ‘Older People in Working Life Presentation of Relevant Actions by Local and Regional Authorities’. (2003); Brussel.
  • ‘Time for Equality at Work’. (2003); International Labour Conference 91st Session 2003 Report I(B), ILO, Geneva.
  • ‘Understanding Discrimination’ [http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/discrim/id_8_ud_race.asp (11.01.2007)].
  • ‘What does the Supreme Court’s Age Discrimination Decision Mean for Your Company’. (May 2005); HR Focus, Vol.82, Iss.5, pp.4–5 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=841849361&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Bible, Jon D.. (Fall 2005); ‘Right Without a Remedy?: Supreme Court Allows Disparate Impact Claims under the ADEA’, Labor Law Journal, Vol.56, Iss.3, pp.161-171 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=910276911&sid=3&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (02.07.2006)].
  • Bible, Jon D.. (Summer 2004); ‘Grosjean V. First Enegy Corp.: The Relevance of Age Diffirentials in a Prima Facie ADEA Case’, Labor Law Journal, Vol.55, Iss.2, pp.112-118 [proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=695028301&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VName=P QD (05.07.2006)].
  • Büsch, Victoria-Königstein, Manfred. (Temmuz 2001); ‘Age Discrimation in Hiring Decisions a Questionnaire Study’ [http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/communications/pdf/2001/enepri07080901/busch-kong.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • Cavanagh, Matt. (2003); Against Equality of Opportunity, Clarendon Pres, Oxford. Connolly, Michael. (2004); Townshend-Smith on Discrimination Law: Text, Cases and Materials, Edt.2, Cavendish Pub., Great Britain.
  • Grossman, Joanna. ‘Accidental Age Discrimination?: The Supreme Court Considers The Viability of ‘Dispatare Impact’ Claims’ [http://writ.news.findlaw.com/grossman/20041116.html (27.01.2007)].
  • Hepple, Bob. (2001); ‘Equality and Empowerment for Decent Work’, International Labour Review, Vol.140, No.1, ss.5–18.
  • Kros, Jeffrey J..(Aug 2005); ‘Worldatwork to Weigh in on Erie County’, Workspan, Vol.48, Iss.8 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=879125251&sid=3&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (02.07.2006)].
  • Lapointe, Martin K.-Fogarty, Jr John G.. (Summer 2004); ‘A ‘Means to an End’: The Cline Court’s Pragmatic Refusal to Allow Reverse Discrimination under the ADEA’, Labor Law Journal, Vol.55, Iss.2, pp.85-98 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=695028291&sid=6&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Macnicol, John. (2006); Age Discrimination An Historical and Contemporary Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Martucci, William C.-Smith Eric W.. (Winter 2001); ‘Old Enough to Vote, Old Enough to SueRecent Developments in State Age Discrimination Law’, Employment Relations Today, Vol.27, Iss.4, pp.97-103.
  • Neumark, David. (Jul 2003); ‘Age Discrimination Legislation in the United States’, Contemporary Economic Policy, Vol.21, Iss.3 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=376654431&sid=5&Fmt=4&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Nixon, Mike. (21.05.2005); ‘Commentary: Employers Cautioned on Unintened Age Discrimination’, St. Charlers County Business Record, [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=842965771&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Onur, Bekir. (1991); Gelişim Psikolojisi, Yaşlılık, Ölüm, B.2, Verso Ya., Ankara.
  • Peng, Berlinda-Kleiner Brian H. (1999); ‘New Developments in Age Discrimination’, Equal Opportunities International, Vol.18, Iss.1–4, pp.72–76 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=294844151&sid=5&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Phomphakdy, Ratsamy-Kleiner, Brian H.. (1999); ‘How to Eliminate Discrimination in the Workplace’, Equal Oppurtunities International, Vol.18, Iss.2-4, pp.43-46 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=294844081&sid=5&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Schulte, Bernd. ‘Age Discrimination in Europe’ [http://www.univie.ac.at/impactofageing/pdf/schulte.pdf (04.07.2006)].
  • Segrave, Kerry. (2001); Age Discrimination by Employers, McFarland&Company Inc. Publishers, United States of America.
  • Shuler, Phillip. (Jun 2005); ‘Supreme Court Expand Age Discrimination Act, but Limits Impact of Ruling’, Louisiana Contractor, Vol.54, Iss.6 p.39 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=855247181&sid=8&Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Skapinker, Michael. (25.05.2005); ‘The Demographic Tide will Sweep Away Age Discrimination’, Financial Times, London, p.13 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=844353371sid=8Fmt=3clientld=41947RQT=309VName=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • Thompson, Sue. (2005); Age Discrimination, Russel House Pub., Oxford.
  • Tomei, Manuela (Çev. Şerife Geniş). (Kasım 2004); ‘Çalışma Hayatında Ayrımcılık ve Eşitlik: Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme’, Sendikal Notlar, S.24, ss.56–75.
  • Zall, Milton. (Apr 1998); ‘Age Discrimination’, Managing Office Technology, Vol.43, Iss.3, p.9 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=28595865sid=Fmt=3&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VName=P QD (05.07.2006)].
  • Zall, Milton. (Apr 2000); ‘Age Discrimination-What is It Besides Illegal?’, Fleet Equipment, Vol.26, Iss.4, pp.39–41 [http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=52943753&sid,04&Fmt=4&clientld=41947&RQT=309&VNa me=PQD (05.07.2006)].
  • http://www.census.gov/population/projections/nation/summary (15.03.2007).
  • http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Employment/Employees/DiscriminationAtWork/DG_10026557 (23.02.2007).
  • http://www.milliyet.com.tr/1997/03/25/yasam/akil.html (12.08.2005).
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dilek Baybora This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 1 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Baybora, D. (2010). Çalışma Yaşamında Yaş Ayrımcılığı ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde Yaş Ayrımcılığı Düzenlemesi Üzerine. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 1(24), 1-30.
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