Üretimin Parçalanması ve Uluslararası Outsourcing Ticareti

Year 2021, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 293 - 310, 30.12.2021

Salih Gencer

https://doi.org/10.51945/cuiibfd.998478

Abstract

Bu çalışmada üretimin uluslararası parçalanması ve yeni bir ticaret biçimi olarak uluslararası outsourcing ticaretinin ortaya çıkışı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle üretimin parçalanmasına yönelik teorik çerçeve açıklanmıştır. Üretimin parçalanması daha önce bütünleşik süreçte üretilen bir malın üretiminin parçalanarak her bir parçanın parçalar halinde üretilmesi süreci (ürün içi uzmanlaşma) olarak ifade edilebilir. Her ülke parçalanmış üretim sürecinde farklı parçaların üretiminde uzmanlaşabilir. Fakat parçalanma maliyetsiz değildir. Hizmet köprüleri parçalanmanın firmaya yüklediği maliyetleri kapsar. Parçalanmadan (Ürün içi uzmanlaşmadan) doğan yararlar parçalanmanın firmaya yüklediği maliyetleri aştığı sürece firma parçalanmaya yönelebilecektir. Parçalanmanın neden olduğu ticaret akımlarından biri uluslararası outsourcing ticaretidir. Uluslararası outsourcing daha önce kendi bünyesinde bütünleşik süreçte üretilen malın parçasının/parçalarının ülke dışında yerleşik yabancı bir firmadan tedarik edilmesi sürecidir.

Keywords

Üretim Blokları, Hizmet Köprüleri, Parçalanma, Uluslararası Outsourcing, Ürün-içi Uzmanlaşma

Production Fragmentation and International Outsourcing Trade

Abstract

This paper try to explain the international fragmentation of production and international outsourcing as a new form of trade. For this purpose, initially the therotetichal framework for production fragmentation has been explained. Production fragmentation refers fragmentation of an integrated production process and then productions of each part. Thanks to fragmantation of production each country specialize in different parts of the final good. However fragmentation is not costless. Fragmentation impose to firms some cost called as service links. As long as gains from fragmetation exceed the service links cost the firm tend to engage in fragmentation. Fragmenatiton is a pre-condition for outsourcing. Thus, oursourcing ocurrs as a new form of trade after fragmantation and refers to procurement of the goods and sevices from a foreign firm that located in foreign country.

Keywords

Production Blocks, Service Links, Fragmentation, International Outsourcing, Intra-Product Specialization

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