Design of Digital Differential Relay for Protection of Power Transformers Operating Under Highly Non-Linear Load

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 94 - 104, 31.12.2023

Hülya Doğan

An Erratum to this article was published on . https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/cumfad/issue/83249/1440005

Abstract

Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF) are the loads in the industry with highest rate of power consumption and they have a highly non-linear operating characteristic. In this study, Design of digital differential role model for protection of three-phase step-down power transformer supplying EAF and Matlab/Simulink simulation are presented. For this purpose, three-phase system model supplying power to EAF is modelled by means of Matlab/Simulink. In order to ensure sensitivity to role and distinguish the inrush currents from fault currents, inrush currents and current harmonics experimentally obtained from 100 MVA power transformer are measured. Thus, the difference between inrush and fault currents are specified and appropriate relay slope coefficients for designed dual-slope role characteristic are defined. When single-phase and multiphase faults in the obtained results of the simulation are examined in this study, it is revealed that the designed digital differential relay has an efficient operational performance in loads with highly non-linear and rapid changes characteristic such as EAF.

Keywords

Digital Differential Relay, Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), Non-Linear Load, Transformer Protection

References

• [1] A. Phadk, J. Thorp, Computer Relaying of Power System, Research Studies Press Ltd. United Kingdom, 1988.
• [2] Barış Gürsu, “Ceza Fanksiyonuyla Durdurmalı Genetik Algoritmalar ile Transformatör Merkezlerinde Optimum Aşırı Akım Röle Koordinasyonu”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 29, No 4, 665-676, 2014.
• [3] J. Blackburn, T. Domin, Protective Relaying: Principles and Applications, Third ed., Thaylor & Francis, 2006.
• [4] S. Horwitz, A. Phadke, Power System Relaying, 2nd ed. Herdfordshire, United Kingdom, 1995.
• [5] M. Zaman, M. Rahman, “Experimental Testing of The Artificial Neural Network based Protection of Power Transformer”, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 510-517, April 1998.
• [6] T. Sidhu, M. Sachdev, H. Wood, M. Nagpal, “Design, Implementation, and Testing of a microprocessor-based high-speed relay for detecting transformer widding faults”, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 108-117, January 1992.
• [7] T. Sidhu, M. Sachdev, On-Line Identification of Magnetizing Inrush and Internal Faults in Three-Phase Transformers, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 1885-1891, October 1992
• [8] P. Liu, D. Chen, Y. Guo, O.P. Malik, G.S. Hope, Improved Operation of Differantial Protection of Power Transformer for Internal Faults, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 7, pp. 1912-1919, 1992.
• [9] M. Sanaye-Pasand, M. Zangiabadi, A. Fereidunian, An Extended Magnetizing Inrush Restrain Method Applied to Digital Differantial Relays for Transformer Protection, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Vol. 4, pp. 2077-2082, 2003.
• [10] M.E.H. Golshan, M. Saghaian-Nejad, A. Saha, H. Samet, A New Method for Recognizing Internal Faults from Inrush Current Conditions in Digital Different Protection of Power Transformer, Electrical Power System Research, pp. 61-71, 2004.
• [11]A. Aktaibi, M.A. Rahman, A Software Design Technique for Differantial Protection of Power Transformers, Proceedings of IEEE Int. Electr. Mach. Drives Conference, pp. 1456-1461, 2011.
• [12] S.R. Wang, S. Kumar, V. Sreeram, Extraction of DC Compenent and Harmonic Analysis for Protection of Power Transformer, Proceedings of IEEE 8th Conf. Ind. Electron. Appl. (ICIEA), pp. 32-37, 2013.
• [13] A.G. Phadke, J.S. Thorp, A New Computer-Based flux-restrained current-differantial relay for Power Transformer Protection, IEEE Transaction on Powet Apparature Systems, PAS-102, pp. 1456-146, 2011.
• [14] S. Member, A Novel Transformer Protection Method Based on the ratio of voltage and fluxional Differantial Current, Proceedings of IEEE Transm Disturbution Conference Expo. pp. 342-347, 2003.
• [15] Y.C. Kang, B.E. Lee, S.H. Kang, Transformer Protection Relay Based on the Induced Voltage, International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, Vol. 29, pp. 281-289, 2007.
• [16] K. Inagaki, M. Higaki, Y. Matsui, K. Kurita, M. Suzuki, K. Yoshida, T. Maeda, Digital Protection Method for Power Transformer Based on an Equivalent Circuit Composed of Inverse Inductance, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 29, pp. 281-289, 2007.
• [17] G.Baoming, A.T. Almeida, Z. Qionglin, W. Xiangheng, An Equivalent Instantaneous Inductance Based Technique for Discrimination between Inrush Current and Internal Faults in Power Transformers, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, pp. 4276-2483, 2005.
• [18] D.Q. Bi, X.H. Wang, W.X. Liang, W.J. Wang, A Ratio Variation of Equivalent Instantaneous Inductance Based Method to Identify Magnetizing Inrush in Transformer, Proceedings of 8th Confernce Electr. Electr. Power Delivery, pp. 1775-1779, 2005.
• [19] K. Inagaki, M. Higaki, Digital Protection Method for Power Transformer Based on a Equivalent Circuit Composed of Inverse Inductance, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 3, No.4, pp. 1501-1510, October 1998.
• [20] K. Yabe, Power Differantial Method for Discrimnation between Fault and Magnetizing Inrush Current in Transformer, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 1109-1117, July 1997.
• [21] A. Rahmati, M. Sanaye-Pesand, Protection of Power Transformer using Multi Criteria Decition Making, International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems, Vol. 68, pp. 51-63, 2014.
• [22] M. Shin, C. Park, J.Kim, Fuzzy Logic-based Relaying for Large Power Transformer Protection, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, pp. 718-724, 2003.
• [23] A. Wiszniewski, B. Kasztenny, A multi Criteria Differantial Transformer Relay Based on Fuzzy Logic, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 10, pp. 1786-1792, 1995.
• [24] F. Zhalefar, M. Sanaye-Pasand, A new Fuzzy Logic Based Extended Blocking Scheme for Differantial Protection of Power Transformer, Electrical Power Compenent System, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 675-694, 2010.
• [25] D.Barbosa, U.C. Netto, D.V. Coury, M. Oleskovicz, Power Transformer Diferantial Protection Based on Clarke’s Transformer and Fuzzy Systems, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 26, pp. 1212-1220, 2011.
• [26] D. Bejmert, W. Rebizant, L. Schiel, Transformer Digital Protection with Fuzzy Logic Based Inrush Stabilization, Vol. 26, pp. 1212-1220, 2011.
• [27] M.R. Zaman, M.A. Rahman, Experimental Testing of Artificial Neural Network Based Protection of Power Transformer, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 13,pp. 510-517, 1998.
• [28] Z. Moravej, D.N. Vishwakarma, S.P. Singh, Application of Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Differantial Relaying of a Power Transformer, Computational Electrical Engineering, Vol. 25, pp. 102-112, 2010.
• [29] M. Tripathy, R.P. Maheshwari, H.K. Verma, Power Transformer Differential Protection Based on Optimal Probabilistic Neural Nwetwork, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 25, pp. 102-112, 2010.
• [30] H. Balaga, N. Gupta, D.N. Vishwakarma, GA Trained Parallel Hidden Layered ANN based differential Protection of Three Phase Power Transformer, Electrical Power and Energy System, Vol. 67, pp. 286-297, 2015.
• [31] M. Kezunovic, A Survey of Neural Network Application to Protective Relaying and Fault Anaysis, Engineering International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 185-192, December 1997.
• [32] J. Pihler, B. Grcar, D. Dolinar, Improved Operation of Power Transformer Protection using Artificial Neural Network, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 1128-1135, July 1997.
• [33] H. Khorashadi-Zadeh, M. Sanaye-Pasand, Correction of Saturated Current Transformers Secondary Current Using ANN, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 73-79, January 2006.
• [34] D. Guillen, H. Esponda, E. Vazguez, G. Idarraga-Ospina, Algorithm for Transformer Differantial Protection Based on Wavelet Corelation Methods, IET General Transmission and Disturbution, Vol. 10, pp. 2871-2879, 2016.
• [35] O. Youssef, A Wavelet-based Technique for Discrimination between Faults and Inrush Currents in Power Transformers, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 170-176, January, 2003.
• [36] M. Gomez-Morente, D.W. Nicoletti, A Wavelet-based Differantial Transformer Protection, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 14, pp. 1351-1356, 1999.
• [37] H. Khorashadi-Zadeh, M. Sanaye-Pasand, Power Transformer Differantial Protection Scheme based on wavelet transform and Artificial Neural Network Algorithms, Proceedings of 39nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, pp. 747-753, September, 2004.
• [38] S.A. Saleh, M.A. Rahman, Real Time Testing of WTP-based protection Algorithm for Three Phase Power Transformers, IEEE Transaction on Industrial Application, Vol. 41, pp. 1125-1132, 2005.
• [39] P. Mao, R. Aggarwal, A Novel Approach to the Classification of the Transient Phenomena in Power Transformer Using Combined Wavelet Transform and Neural Network, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 215-218, April, 2001.
• [40] M.M. Eissa, A Novel Digital Directional Transformer Protection Technique Based on Wavelet Packed, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 20, pp. 1830-1836, 2005.
• [41] Mustafa Şeker, Computer Aided Modelling and Experimental Investigation of the effect of Electric Arc Furnace, İnonu University, Institute of Science and Technology, Electrical and Electronics Depertmant, Ph.D Thesis, Malatya-Turkey, 2017.
• [42] B. Vahidi, E. Esmaeeli, Matlab-SIMULINK-Based Simulation for Digital Differential Relay Protection of Power Transformer for Educational Purpose’, Computer Applications in Engineering Education , Volume21, Issue3, pp 475-483, September 2013
• [43] H. Zadeh, J.F. Wen, P. Liu, O.P. Malik, Discrimination between Fault and Magnetizing Inrush Current in Transformer Using- short-time Corelation Transform, Electrical Power and Energy System, Vol. 24, pp. 557-562, 2002.
• [44] G. Zigler, Digital Differential Protection, SIEMENS Differential Protection Symposium, 2005.
• [45] Seker, M., Memmedov, A.. An Experimental Approach for Understanding V-I Characteristic of Electric Arc Furnace Load. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, North America, 23, jun.2017. Availableat:http://eejournal.ktu.lt/index.php/elt/article/view/18328
• [46] Mustafa Şeker ; Arif Memmedov ; Rafael Hüseyinov , The modelling and simulation of static VAR compensator (SVC) system for electric arc furnace with Matlab/Simulink, 2016 National Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Biomedical Engineering (ELECO), pp. 262 – 268, 2016,
• [47] Seker, M., Memmedov, A., Huseyinov, R., Kockanat, S.. Power Quality Measurement and Analysis in Electric Arc Furnace for Turkish Electricity Transmission System. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, North America, 23, dec. 2017.