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ÇİN’İN AFRİKA'DAKİ DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARININ AFRİKA ÜLKELERİNDEKİ EKONOMİK ETKİSİ

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 269 - 292, 25.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.677378

Abstract

Afrika kıtası, sahip olduğu doğal kaynak ve maden yatakları sebebiyle, tarihsel süreçte batılı ülkelerin sömürgeci faaliyetlerine maruz kalmıştır. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte ise Çin’in bölgeye artan bir ilgisi söz konusudur. Bu yatırımlara ilişkin görüşlerden bir kısmı, söz konusu yatırımların bölgeye altyapı ve üretkenlik getirerek Batı tarzı yatırımlardan farklılaştığı yönünde iken; bir diğer kısmı ise yatırımların Çin’in neo-merkantilist politikalarına hizmet ettiğini savunmaktadır. ‘Chopsticks’ merkantilizm olarak nitelendirilen bu politikalar kapsamında ise söz konusu yatırımların Çin ekonomisinin kalkınması sürecine olumlu bir katkı sağlamadığı belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bahsedilen tartışmadan hareketle, Çin’in doğrudan yabancı yatırım stokunun en çok olduğu 10 Afrika ülkesindeki doğrudan yabancı sermaye stokunun, bu ülkelerin istihdam, sanayi istihdamı ve kişi başına düşen gelir gibi birtakım makroekonomik göstergeleri üzerindeki etkisi rassal katsayılı panel regresyon yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma, 2003-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Bulgular doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının kişi başına düşen gelir üzerinde anlamlı pozitif etki oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Bu yatırımlar Güney Afrika ve Angola’da istihdam oranını pozitif etkilerken, sanayi istihdamını negatif etkilemektedir. Kongo, Gana ve Tanzanya’da ise tersi bir durum söz konusudur. Bir diğer ifadeyle; Çin’in doğrudan yabancı yatırımları bu ülkelerde istihdamı negatif etkilerken, sanayi istihdamını pozitif etkilemiştir. Cezayir’de ise bu yatırımlar hem istihdam oranı hem de sanayi istihdamı üzerinde pozitif etki oluşturmuştur. Bu sonuçlar Afrika ülkelerinin üretim ve önemli ihracat yapıları ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, zamanla imalat sanayii sektörlerinin payının arttığı ülkelerde söz konusu yatırımların istihdamı olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmaktadır.

References

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  • Brooks, C. (2014). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Chen, W., Dollar,D.& Tang, H. (2018). Why is China Investing in Africa? Ecidence from the Firm Level. The World Bank Economic Review, 32(3), 610-632.
  • China–Africa Research Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.sais-cari.org/chinese-investment-in-africa
  • Doku, I., Akuma, J. & Owusu-Afriyie, J. (2017). Effect of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Africa. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 10(2), 162-171.
  • Ehizuelen, M.& Omoruyi, M. (2015). The Imapct of China’s Economic Activities in Africa on Economic Growth of African Countries. Bangladesh Development Studies, XXXVIII (4), 47-90.
  • Ezell, S. (2011). Fighting Innovation Mercantilism. Issues in Science and Technology, 27 (2), 83-90.
  • Hsiao, C. & Pesaran, M.H.. (2004). Random Coefficient Panel Data Models. IZA Discussion Paper, 1236.
  • Megbowon, E., Miambo, C.& Adekunle, B. (2019). Impact of China’s Outward FDI on Sub-Saharan Africa’s Industrialization: Evidence from 26 Countries. Cogent Economics&Finance, 7: 1681054, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1681054.
  • Ngundu, M.& Ngepah, N. (2019). Growth Effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from China and Other Sources in Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality. Journal of Economics and Business, 2(3), 1026-1038.
  • Nurkse, R. (1952). Some International Aspects of the Problem of Economic Development. The American Economic Review, 42(2): 571-583.
  • Okeke, D. (2016). Integrated Productivity in Urban Africa Introducing the Neo-Mercantile Planning Theory. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Pan, C., Chang, T. & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2015). Military spending and economic growth in the Middle East Countries: Bootstrap Panel Causality Test. Defence and Peace Economics, 26 (24), 443-456.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. CWPE, 0435.
  • Poi, B.P. (2003). From the Help Desk: Swamy’s Random-Coefficient Model. The Stata Journal, 3 (3), 302-308.
  • Rodrik, D. (2013). The new mercantilist challenge. Retrieved from http://www.fabricedefever.com/pdf/Rodrik%20-%20The%20new%20mercantilist%20challenge.pdf
  • Swamy, P.A.V.B. (1970). Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2): 311-323.
  • Taylor, M.P. & Sarno, L. (1998). The Behavior of Real Exchange Rates During the Post-Bretton Woods Period. Journal of International Economics, 46, 281-312.
  • UN Comtrade. Retrieved from https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  • United Nations (1994). World Investment Report 1994 Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace, New York.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Ze, T., Yumei, F. & Chao, L. (2018). Efficiency Evaluation of China’s Investment in Africa under the Background of Constructing “Silk Road Economic Belt”: pplication of DEA Model and Malmquist Index Method. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 7, Special Issue, 58-72.
  • Zhang, J., Alon, I. &Chen, Y. (2014). Does Chinese Investment Affect Sub-Saharan African Growth?. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(2), 257-275.
  • https://www.pambazuka.org/emerging-powers/chinese-investments-africa-chopsticks-mercantilism
Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 269 - 292, 25.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.677378

Abstract

References

  • Ayodele, T.& Sotola, O. (2014). China in Africa: An Evolution of Chinese Investment. IPPA Working Paper.
  • Brooks, C. (2014). Introductory Econometrics for Finance. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Chen, W., Dollar,D.& Tang, H. (2018). Why is China Investing in Africa? Ecidence from the Firm Level. The World Bank Economic Review, 32(3), 610-632.
  • China–Africa Research Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.sais-cari.org/chinese-investment-in-africa
  • Doku, I., Akuma, J. & Owusu-Afriyie, J. (2017). Effect of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Africa. Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, 10(2), 162-171.
  • Ehizuelen, M.& Omoruyi, M. (2015). The Imapct of China’s Economic Activities in Africa on Economic Growth of African Countries. Bangladesh Development Studies, XXXVIII (4), 47-90.
  • Ezell, S. (2011). Fighting Innovation Mercantilism. Issues in Science and Technology, 27 (2), 83-90.
  • Hsiao, C. & Pesaran, M.H.. (2004). Random Coefficient Panel Data Models. IZA Discussion Paper, 1236.
  • Megbowon, E., Miambo, C.& Adekunle, B. (2019). Impact of China’s Outward FDI on Sub-Saharan Africa’s Industrialization: Evidence from 26 Countries. Cogent Economics&Finance, 7: 1681054, https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1681054.
  • Ngundu, M.& Ngepah, N. (2019). Growth Effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from China and Other Sources in Africa: The Role of Institutional Quality. Journal of Economics and Business, 2(3), 1026-1038.
  • Nurkse, R. (1952). Some International Aspects of the Problem of Economic Development. The American Economic Review, 42(2): 571-583.
  • Okeke, D. (2016). Integrated Productivity in Urban Africa Introducing the Neo-Mercantile Planning Theory. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Pan, C., Chang, T. & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2015). Military spending and economic growth in the Middle East Countries: Bootstrap Panel Causality Test. Defence and Peace Economics, 26 (24), 443-456.
  • Pesaran, M. H. (2004). General Diagnostic Tests for Cross Section Dependence in Panels. CWPE, 0435.
  • Poi, B.P. (2003). From the Help Desk: Swamy’s Random-Coefficient Model. The Stata Journal, 3 (3), 302-308.
  • Rodrik, D. (2013). The new mercantilist challenge. Retrieved from http://www.fabricedefever.com/pdf/Rodrik%20-%20The%20new%20mercantilist%20challenge.pdf
  • Swamy, P.A.V.B. (1970). Efficient Inference in a Random Coefficient Regression Model. Econometrica, 38(2): 311-323.
  • Taylor, M.P. & Sarno, L. (1998). The Behavior of Real Exchange Rates During the Post-Bretton Woods Period. Journal of International Economics, 46, 281-312.
  • UN Comtrade. Retrieved from https://comtrade.un.org/data/
  • United Nations (1994). World Investment Report 1994 Transnational Corporations, Employment and the Workplace, New York.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, F. (2013). İleri Panel Veri Analizi Stata Uygulamalı. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Ze, T., Yumei, F. & Chao, L. (2018). Efficiency Evaluation of China’s Investment in Africa under the Background of Constructing “Silk Road Economic Belt”: pplication of DEA Model and Malmquist Index Method. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 7, Special Issue, 58-72.
  • Zhang, J., Alon, I. &Chen, Y. (2014). Does Chinese Investment Affect Sub-Saharan African Growth?. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(2), 257-275.
  • https://www.pambazuka.org/emerging-powers/chinese-investments-africa-chopsticks-mercantilism
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Semanur Soyyiğit 0000-0002-5679-6875

Publication Date May 25, 2020
Submission Date January 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Soyyiğit, S. (2020). ÇİN’İN AFRİKA’DAKİ DOĞRUDAN YABANCI SERMAYE YATIRIMLARININ AFRİKA ÜLKELERİNDEKİ EKONOMİK ETKİSİ. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 269-292. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.677378

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