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Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 29 - 39, 29.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.596100

Abstract

References

  • 1. Stoyanov, N. 1972. Our Medicinal Plants. Part I, Nauka & Izkustvo, Sofia. 336 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 2. Ivanov I., Landjev I., Neshev G. 1973. Medicinal Plants of Bulgaria and Their Use. Zemizdat, Sofia, 405 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 3. Hardalova R., Evstatieva L., Gussev Ch. 1994. Characteristic of wild medicinal plants resources in Bulgaria and recommendations for their long term development. In: Sakalian, M. (ed.), National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Main reports. 2:41-72. The Biodiversity Support Program. Bilvest – 2000, Sofia (in Bulgarian)
  • 4. Assenov I., Gusev Ch., Kitanov G., Nikolov St. Petkov T. 1998. Gathering of Medicinal Plants. Biler, Sofia, 367 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 5. Gussev Ch. 2005. Characteristic of wild medicinal plants resources in Bulgaria and their sustainable management. In: Petrova, A. (ed.), Current state of Bulgarian biodiversity – problems and perspectives. Bulgarian Bioplatform, Sofia, pp. 495-508 (in Bulgarian).
  • 6. Landzhev I. 2005. Encyclopaedia of the Medicinal Plants in Bulgaria. Trud Publishing House, Sofia 551p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 7. Evstatieva L., Hardalova, R. Stoyanova, K. 2007. Medicinal plants in Bulgaria: diversity, legislation, conservation and trade. Phytol. Balcan., 13(3): 415-427.
  • 8. Vitkova A., Tahsev A. 2007. Study of the medicinal plants resources in Bulgaria: past, present and future. In: Materiales of the Third internationalconference. Khabarovsk, pp. 364-380.
  • 9. Nikolov S. 2007. Specialized encyclopedia of medicinal plants in Bulgaria. Trud. Sofia. 566 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 10. Tashev A., Tsavkov E. 2008. Medicinal plants of the Bulgarian dendroflora. – Phytologia Balcanica, 14(2): 269-278.
  • 11. Koev K., Georgiev S., Tashev A. 2014. Eco-biological characteristics of medicinal plants in the reserve Gorna Topchiya (River Tundzha hilly valley). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 20 (3): 601-606 12. Assyov B., Petrova A. 2012. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Horology and floristic elements. Bulgarians Biodiversity Foundation, 492 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 13. Medicinal Plants Act. State Gazette (SG), issue 29/7.04.2000, amended SG No. 96/2017. (in Bulgarian).
  • 14. Raunkiaer, S. 1934. The Life Form of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 632 p. 15. Walter K. S., Gillett H. J. (eds) 1998. IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN – The World Conservation Union. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. LXIV + 862 p.
  • 16. Stoyanov N., Stefanov B., Kitanov B. 1966-1967. Flora of Bulgaria. vol. I, II. Art and Sciences. Sofia, 1367 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 17. Jordanov D. (edt.) 1963-1979. Flora of NR Bulgaria. vol. I-VII. BAS. Sofia. (in Bulgarian)
  • 18. Velchev V. (ed.) 1982-1989. Flora of NR Bulgaria. vol. VIII, IX. BAS. Sofia. 519 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 19. Kozhuharov S. (ed.) 1995. Flora of Bulgaria. vol. X. BAS. Sofia., 428 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 20. Peev D. (ed.) 2012. Flora Republicae Bulgaricae. vol. 11. Serdica: Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae. 527 p. (In Bulgarian)
  • 21. Biological Diversity Law, SG no. 77 / 09.08.2002, amend. 98/2018, pp. 2-44.
  • 22. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). http://www.ukcites.gov.uk/default.asp.
  • 23. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Appendix I. 1979. http://www.lkp.org.pl/pravo_html/konv_bernenska_zl.html.
  • 24. Council Directive 92/43/EEC, 21.05.1992 on the protection of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora. http://docs.pravo.ru/document/view/28050421/
  • 25. Peev D. (ed.) 2015. Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria, volume 1, Plants and Mushrooms.

MEDICINAL PLANTS OF BULGARIA

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 29 - 39, 29.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.596100

Abstract



Bulgaria is a small country in Southeast Europe, but its
geographic location, vari
ed
relief and climate contribute to great floristic diversity.
The medicinal plants are part of it. They
represent 23.2% of the country's flora.



The aim of the present
paper is to present information
about the full
composition of the medicinal plants of Bulgarian flora as well as
characteristics of the systematic structure and classification according to
biological type, life form, floristic geolements, period of flowering, and
ecological groups.



The complete list of medicinal plants in Bulgaria was
compiled on the basis of the Medicinal Plants Act, extensive literature
analysis and own researches. The life forms were identified according to
Raunkiaer and for floral elements the classification
of Walter was used. The ecological forms were identified
according to
Flora of Republic Bulgaria.



As a result of the conducted surveys it was found that
there are 950 medicinal species of vascular plants in the country belonging to
468 genera and 126 families. The richest family containing medicinal plants was
Rosaceae (98 specie). The most medicinal plants exist
ed among perennial herbaceous plants (539 species). Geoelements
with a European component were predominated (408 species). The most plants
bloom from June to August (121 species). The ecological structure of medicinal
plants shows that mesophytes (435 species); heliophytes (545 species) and
thermophylous plants (607 species) were dominated.



The
results of the study include also a detailed information about the national and
international conservation importance of the analyzed species. 65 species were
included in the Red Book of Bulgaria. There were 81 species protected by the
Biodiversity Law. Among the medicinal plants are 16 Balkan and 4 Bulgarian
endemic spesies. The international significance of these plants was defined by the
fact that 33 of species were under protection by different international
conventions.



The
ratio between the biological types, the predominant geoelements and the life
forms shows is  typical  for the temperate continental climate zone
and the flora of our country. The total percentage of protected species (7%) is
not high, which is positive because most species are subject to use by the
local population, the pharmaceutical and perfumery industry.



References

  • 1. Stoyanov, N. 1972. Our Medicinal Plants. Part I, Nauka & Izkustvo, Sofia. 336 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 2. Ivanov I., Landjev I., Neshev G. 1973. Medicinal Plants of Bulgaria and Their Use. Zemizdat, Sofia, 405 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 3. Hardalova R., Evstatieva L., Gussev Ch. 1994. Characteristic of wild medicinal plants resources in Bulgaria and recommendations for their long term development. In: Sakalian, M. (ed.), National Biological Diversity Conservation Strategy. Main reports. 2:41-72. The Biodiversity Support Program. Bilvest – 2000, Sofia (in Bulgarian)
  • 4. Assenov I., Gusev Ch., Kitanov G., Nikolov St. Petkov T. 1998. Gathering of Medicinal Plants. Biler, Sofia, 367 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 5. Gussev Ch. 2005. Characteristic of wild medicinal plants resources in Bulgaria and their sustainable management. In: Petrova, A. (ed.), Current state of Bulgarian biodiversity – problems and perspectives. Bulgarian Bioplatform, Sofia, pp. 495-508 (in Bulgarian).
  • 6. Landzhev I. 2005. Encyclopaedia of the Medicinal Plants in Bulgaria. Trud Publishing House, Sofia 551p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 7. Evstatieva L., Hardalova, R. Stoyanova, K. 2007. Medicinal plants in Bulgaria: diversity, legislation, conservation and trade. Phytol. Balcan., 13(3): 415-427.
  • 8. Vitkova A., Tahsev A. 2007. Study of the medicinal plants resources in Bulgaria: past, present and future. In: Materiales of the Third internationalconference. Khabarovsk, pp. 364-380.
  • 9. Nikolov S. 2007. Specialized encyclopedia of medicinal plants in Bulgaria. Trud. Sofia. 566 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 10. Tashev A., Tsavkov E. 2008. Medicinal plants of the Bulgarian dendroflora. – Phytologia Balcanica, 14(2): 269-278.
  • 11. Koev K., Georgiev S., Tashev A. 2014. Eco-biological characteristics of medicinal plants in the reserve Gorna Topchiya (River Tundzha hilly valley). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 20 (3): 601-606 12. Assyov B., Petrova A. 2012. Conspectus of the Bulgarian vascular flora. Horology and floristic elements. Bulgarians Biodiversity Foundation, 492 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • 13. Medicinal Plants Act. State Gazette (SG), issue 29/7.04.2000, amended SG No. 96/2017. (in Bulgarian).
  • 14. Raunkiaer, S. 1934. The Life Form of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 632 p. 15. Walter K. S., Gillett H. J. (eds) 1998. IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. IUCN – The World Conservation Union. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. LXIV + 862 p.
  • 16. Stoyanov N., Stefanov B., Kitanov B. 1966-1967. Flora of Bulgaria. vol. I, II. Art and Sciences. Sofia, 1367 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 17. Jordanov D. (edt.) 1963-1979. Flora of NR Bulgaria. vol. I-VII. BAS. Sofia. (in Bulgarian)
  • 18. Velchev V. (ed.) 1982-1989. Flora of NR Bulgaria. vol. VIII, IX. BAS. Sofia. 519 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 19. Kozhuharov S. (ed.) 1995. Flora of Bulgaria. vol. X. BAS. Sofia., 428 p. (in Bulgarian)
  • 20. Peev D. (ed.) 2012. Flora Republicae Bulgaricae. vol. 11. Serdica: Aedibus Acad. Sci. Bulgaricae. 527 p. (In Bulgarian)
  • 21. Biological Diversity Law, SG no. 77 / 09.08.2002, amend. 98/2018, pp. 2-44.
  • 22. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). http://www.ukcites.gov.uk/default.asp.
  • 23. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Appendix I. 1979. http://www.lkp.org.pl/pravo_html/konv_bernenska_zl.html.
  • 24. Council Directive 92/43/EEC, 21.05.1992 on the protection of natural habitats and wild fauna and flora. http://docs.pravo.ru/document/view/28050421/
  • 25. Peev D. (ed.) 2015. Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria, volume 1, Plants and Mushrooms.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Violeta Dimitrova

Alexander Tashev This is me

Publication Date July 29, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Dimitrova, V., & Tashev, A. (2019). MEDICINAL PLANTS OF BULGARIA. Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.596100

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