Endemic Achillea species in Turkey; phytochemical contents and pharmacological activities

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 73 - 84, 06.07.2024

Ceylan Dönmez Beyza Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.38093/cupmap.1479696

Abstract

Asteraceae is the world's largest family of flowering plants, consisting of 23000 species distributed worldwide in 13 subfamilies, 44 tribes and more than 1600 genera. Achillea L. is one of the youngest evolutionary genera of the family Asteraceae with a worldwide widespread distribution of more than 100 species. Turkey is one of the main diversity centers of the genus Achillea. A total of 47 Achillea species are distributed and naturally growing in Turkey, 24 of which are endemic to Turkey with 51% endemism rate. Achillea species are used as tonic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogic agents and have traditionally been used to treat bleeding, pneumonia, skin disorders, rheumatic pains. Achillea species have several phytoconstituents such as essential oils, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and phenolic acids. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds are the most important effective metabolites of Achillea species. Phenolics and flavonoids have been reported to exert a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In this review, endemic Achillea species were reviewed in terms of phytochemical content and pharmacological activities.

Keywords

Achillea, yarrow, endemic species, yarrow phytochemicals, biological activities of yarow

Ethical Statement

-

Supporting Institution

-

Thanks

-

References

• 1. Açikgöz, M. A., & Kara, Ş. M. (2019). Effect of various pretreatments on germination of Turkish endemic Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. species under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9(4), 2321-2329.
• 2. Agar, O. T., Dikmen, M., Ozturk, N., Yilmaz, M. A., Temel, H., & Turkmenoglu, F. P. (2015). Comparative studies on phenolic composition, antioxidant, wound healing and cytotoxic activities of selected Achillea L. species growing in Türkiye. Molecules, 20(10), 17976-18000.
• 3. Akcin, A., Akcin, T. A., Seyis, F., Coban, A. Y., & Durupinar, B. (2014). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of the Turkish endemic species Achillea phrygia Boiss. & Bal. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 17(2), 219-227.
• 4. Albayrak, S. (2013). The Volatile Compounds and bioactivity of Achillea sieheana Stapf. (Asteraceae). Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR, 12(1), 37-45.
• 5. Anlas, C., Bakirel, T., Ustuner, O., Ustun-Alkan, F., Diren-Sigirci, et al. (2023). In vitro biological activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts from Achillea sintenisii Hub- Mor. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(1). doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104426
• 6. Arabacı, T. (2012). Achillea L. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural, & M. Babaç (Eds.), Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) (pp. 108-112). İstanbul, Türkiye: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
• 7. Ayan, İ. Ç., Çetinkaya, S., Dursun, H. G., Güneş, C. E., & Şirin, S. (2022). Anticancer effect and phytochemical profile of the extract from Achillea ketenoglui against human colorectal cancer cell lines. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, 22(9), 1769-1779. doi:10.2174/1871520621666210908110422
• 8. Aytaç, Z., Duman, H., & Ekici, M. (2016). Two new Achillea L. (Asteraceae) species from Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Botany, 40, 373-379. doi:10.3906/bot-1504-19
• 9. Azaz, A. D., Arabacı, T., Sangün, M. K., & Yıldız, B. (2008). Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. and Achillea lycaonica Boiss & Heldr. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 20(2).
• 10. Barış, D. (2016). Bazı Hypericum ve Achillea türlerinin antimikrobiyal ve antioksidant aktivitelerinin araştırılması [Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some Hypericum and Achillea species]. (Master Thesis). Dicle University, Diyarbakır.
• 11. Baser, K. H. C., Demirci, B., & Duman, H. (2001). Composition of the essential oils of two endemic species from Türkiye: Achillea lycaonica and A-ketenoglui. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 37(3), 245-252. doi:10.1023/a:1012518023780
• 12. Başer, K. H., Demirci, B., Demirci, F., Koçak, S., Akıncı, Ç., Malyer, H., & Güleryüz, G. (2002). Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Achillea multifida. Planta Medica, 68(10), 941-943. doi:10.1055/s-2002-34923
• 13. Başer, K. H. C. (2016). Essential oils of Achillea species of Türkiye. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 3(1), 1-14. 14. Davis PH (1975). Flora of Türkiye and the East Aegean Islands, Vol, 5, Edinb. Un. Press., Edinburgh.
• 15. Demirci, F., Demirci, B., Gürbüz, İ., Yeşilada, E., & Başer, K. (2009). Characterization and biological activity of Achillea teretifolia Willd. and A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek essential oils. Turkish Journal of Biology, 33(2), 129-136.
• 16. Dikpinar, T., Göger, F., & Bitiş, L. (2022). LC-MS/MS analysis and biological activities of endemic Achillea sieheana Stapf from Türkiye. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(6), 1796-1804. doi:10.29228/jrp.270
• 17. Ertaş, A., Boğa, M., Haşimi, N., Yeşil, Y., Gören, A. C., Topçu, G., & Kolak, U. (2014). Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antimicrobial activities and fatty acid constituents of Achillea cappadocica Hausskn. et Bornm. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 38, 592-599. doi:10.3906/kim-1305-29
• 18. Eruygur, N., Buyukyildirim, T., Tetik Rama, S., Ayaz, F., Tekin, M., et al. (2023). Phytochemical profiling and biological activity of Achillea sintenisii Hub.‐Mor. Chemistry & Biodiversity, 20(6), e202201258. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202201258
• 19. Eruygur, N., Çevik, Ö., Ataş, M., & Tekin, M. (2018). Chemical Characterization and biological activity evaluation of essential oils of Achillea sipikorensis, an endemic plant from Türkiye. Bilge International Journal of Science and Technology Research, 2(1), 92-97. doi:10.30516/bilgesci.351719
• 20. Eruygur, N., Koçyiğit, U., Taslimi, P., Ataş, M., Tekin, M., & Gülçin, İ. (2019). Screening the in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic activities of endemic Achillea cucullata (Asteraceae) ethanol extract. South African journal of botany, 120, 141-145.
• 21. Gedik, O., Kocabaş, Y. Z., & Çınar, O. (2022). Determination of essential and fixed oil components of endemic Achillea magnifica Hub.-Mor. species. MAS Journal of Applied Sciences, 7(3), 563-569.
• 22. Gogus, F., Ozel, M. Z., & Lewis, A. C. (2006). Extraction of essential oils of leaves and flowers of Achillea monocephala by superheated water. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 21(1), 122-128. doi:10.1002/ffj.1541
• 23. Karaalp, C., Yurtman, A. N., & Karabay Yavasoglu, N. U. (2009). Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of Achillea L. flower head extracts. Pharmaceutical biology, 47(1), 86-91. doi:10.1080/13880200802448682
• 24. Kiran, Y., Turkoglu, I., Kirilmaz, F., Arabaci, T., Sahin, A., & Bagci, E. (2012). Karyological investigation of six Achillea L. (Asteraceae) species growing in Türkiye. Caryologia, 65(2), 101-105.
• 25. Küpeli, E., Orhan, İ., Küsmenoğlu, Ş., & Yeşilada, E. (2007). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of five Anatolian Achillea species. Turk J Pharm Sci, 4(2), 89-99.
• 26. Salehi, B., Selamoglu, Z., Sevindik, M., Fahmy, N. M., Al-Sayed, E., et al. (2020). Achillea spp.: A comprehensive review on its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, phytopharmacology and industrial applications. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 66(4), 78-103. doi:10.14715/cmb/2020.66.4.13
• 27. Semiz, G., Uysal, T., Bozkurt, M., & Günal, B. (2022). A new Achillea (Asteraceae) species from southwestern Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Botany, 46(4), 406-415. doi:10.55730/1300-008x.2718
• 28. Sökmen, A., Vardar‐Ünlü, G., Polissiou, M., Daferera, D., Sökmen, M., & Dönmez, E. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub. Mor. (Asteraceae). Phytotherapy Research, 17(9), 1005-1010. doi:10.1002/ptr.1274
• 29. Şabanoğlu, S., Khazneh, E., Saltan, G., Tekin, M., Ergene, B., & Acikara, Ö. B. (2017). Secondary metabolites of Achillea sintenisii HUB. MOR.. FABAD Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 42(3).
• 30. Tabanca, N., Demirci, B., Aytaç, Z., & BAŞER, K. H. C. (2016). Chemical composition of Achillea schischkinii Sosn., an endemic species from Türkiye. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 3(4), 24-28.
• 31. Tabanca, N., Özek, T., Baser, K. H. C., & Vural, M. (2004). Composition of the essential oil of Achillea sieheana Stapf and the enantiomeric distribution of camphor. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 16(3), 180-181. doi:10.1080/10412905.2004.9698689
• 32. Taşkın, D., Doğan, M., ErmanoğLu, M., & Arabaci, T. (2021). Achillea goniocephala extract loaded into nanochitosan: In Vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 11(4), 659-666. doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.972180
• 33. Taşkın, T., Doğan, M., & Arabaci, T. (2020). Bioassay-guided isolation and antiproliferative efficacy of extract loaded in chitosan nanoparticles and LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis of Achillea magnifica. South African Journal of Botany, 133, 236-244. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.002
• 34. Taşkın, T., Özakpınar, Ö. B., Gürbüz, B., Uras, F., Gürer, Ü. S., & Bitiş, L. (2016). Identification of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the endemic Achillea multifida. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 15(4), 594-603.
• 35. Taşkın, T., Taşkın, D., Rayaman, E., Dikpınar, T., Süzgeç-Selçuk, S., & Arabacı, T. (2017). Characterization of the biological activity and phenolics in Achillea lycaonica. Analytical Letters, 51(1-2), 33-48. doi:10.1080/00032719.2017.1318140 36. Tekin, M., & Akdere, Ş. (2021). Anatomical investigations of the Turkish critically endangered species: Achillea sivasica Çelik et Akpulat (Asteraceae). Acta Botanica Croatica, 80(1), 91-98. 37. Tekin, Z., Küçükbay, F. Z., & Dikme, A. (2021). In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of three Achillea species from Türkiye. JOTCSA, 8(2), 483-490.
• 38. Tunca-Pinarli, Y., Benek, A., Turu, D., Bozyel, M. E., Canli, K., & Altuner, E. M. (2023). Biological activities and biochemical composition of endemic Achillea fraasii. Microorganisms, 11(4), 978. 39. Turkoglu, I., Turkoglu, S., Celik, S., & Kahyaoglu, M. (2010). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Turkish endemic Achillea species. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(19), 2034-2042. 40. Ulubelen, A., Öksüz, S., & Tuzlaci, E. (2007). A new triterpene and other compounds from Achillea magnifica. Planta Medica, 55(04), 395-395. doi:10.1055/s-2006-962041 41. Uzun, K., & Arslan, A. K. K. (2020). Turkish endemic Achillea Species protect human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute Proceedings, 40(1), 43.
• 42. Wollenweber, E., Valant-Vetschera, K. M., Ivancheva, S., & Kuzmanov, B. (1986). Flavonoid aglycones from the leaf surfaces of some Achillea species. Phytochemistry, 26(1), 181-182. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)81506-x
• 43. Yılmaz, M. A., Ertas, A., Yener, I., Akdeniz, M., Cakir, O., et al. (2018). A comprehensive LC–MS/MS method validation for the quantitative investigation of 37 fingerprint phytochemicals in Achillea species: A detailed examination of A. coarctata and A. monocephala. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 154, 413-424. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.059
• 44. Yılmaz, M. A., Taslimi, P., Kılıç, Ö., Gülçin, İ., Dey, A., & Bursal, E. (2023). Unravelling the phenolic compound reserves, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of an endemic plant species, Achillea pseudoaleppica. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 41(2), 445-456.
• 45. Zonuz, N., Akpınar, N., Zengin, G., Aktumsek, A., & Akpınar, M. A. (2017 ). Fatty acid composition and ɷ-6/ɷ-3 ratio of the seed oil of Achillea sipikorensis Hausskn. & Bornm.. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 38(4), 6-10. doi: 10.17776/csj.363198