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Yumuşak Güç Aracı olarak Eğitim Politikaları: Alliance française ve Yunus Emre Enstitüsü

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 125 - 134, 30.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.741167

Abstract

Kültürel diplomasi kamu diplomasinin bir uygulama alanı olup, devletler bu diplomasi çeşidini etkili bir yumuşak güç aracı olarak kullanmaktadır. Bir devletin güçlü sayılması birtakım siyasi ve iktisadi etmenlere bağlı olmak ile birlikte, o devletin dış politikasında izlediği kültürel diplomasisi etkinlikleri başta olmak üzere kamu diplomasisi etkinliklerine doğrudan bağlı olduğunu belirtmek mümkündür. Kültürel diplomasinin bir alt başlığının eğitim başlığı olduğu düşünülür ise devletlerin eğitim politikalarını bu açıdan etkili bir yumuşak güç aracı olarak kullandığı varsayılabilir. Bu bağlamda, “eğitim politikaları” ile “yumuşak güç” kavramları arasında doğrudan bir bağlantı olduğunu öne sürmek mümkündür. Bir devlete ait olan ve o devletin sınırları dışında faaliyet gösteren kültürel diplomasiye bağlı eğitim kurumlarının incelenmesi bu açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Söz konusu çalışma, Alliance française’in eğitim politikaları ile Yunus Emre Enstitüsü’nün eğitim politikalarını yumuşak güç bağlamında incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Öncelik ile sözü geçen her iki eğitim kurumu karşılaştırılarak, ardından kültürel diplomasi bağlamında Fransa ile Türkiye’nin geliştirdiği eğitim politikaları uygulamalarına dikkat çekilecektir.

References

  • Alliance française (2020). Mission, vision et valeurs. https://www.fondation-alliancefr.org/?cat=1457, (Accessed March 7, 2020).
  • Amirbek, A., & Ydyrys K. (2014). Education and soft power: Analysis as an instrument of foreign policy. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 514-516.
  • Besse, H., & Porquier R. (1991). Grammaire et didactique des langues. Paris: Didier & Hatier LAL.
  • Chakraborty, K. (2013). Cultural diplomacy dictionary. California: Center for Cultural Diplomacy Publications.
  • Chaubet, F. (2004). L’Alliance française ou la diplomatie de la langue (1883-1914). Revue historique 4(632), 763-785.
  • Cull, N. J. (2009). Public diplomacy: Lessons from the past. Los Angeles: Figueroa Press.
  • Demir, V. (2012). Kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Eren, E. (2018). Ulus devletlerde toplumsal, kültürel ve siyasi bir etmen olarak kimlik algısı: Türkiye bağlamında ulusal kimlik merkezli dil ve eğitim Politikaları. Turkish Studies Economics, Finance and Politic, 13(22), 225-237.
  • France Diplomatie (2001). Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. Archives diplomatiques. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/archives-diplomatiques/, (Accessed February 28, 2020).
  • Fondation Alliance française (2018). Rapport d’activité 2018 p. 18-21. https://www.fondation-alliancefr.org/wp-content/medias/RAPPORT%20ACTIVITES/FAF_RA_2018_A4_V5_PP_BD_juin2019.pdf, (Accessed March 9, 2020).
  • Gazeau-Secret, A. (2013). -Soft Power-: L’influence par la langue et la culture. Revue Internationale et Stratégique, 1(89), 103-110.
  • İnal, K. (2012). Dil ve politika. Dilin kökeni, etnik boyutu ve kimlikle ilişkisi. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınları, Sosyoloji-Antropoloji Dizisi.
  • Ivey, B., & Cleggett P. (2008). Cultural diplomacy and the national interest: In search of a 21st century perspective. Arts Industries Policy Forum, 1-41.
  • Kalın, İ. (2011). Soft and public diplomacy in Turkey. Perceptions Journal of International Affairs, 16(3), 5-23.
  • Kalın, İ. (2012). Türk dış politikası ve kamu diplomasisi. İstanbul: Tasam Yayınları.
  • Legifrance Service Public de la Diffusion du Droit de France (2020). Arrêté du 17 février 1964 Création et Nominations de Membres au Comité d’études pour la Préparation du Second Plan Quinquennal d’Expansion Culturelle https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000000842972&pageCourante=01919, (Accessed February 28, 2020).
  • Nye, J. S. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 80, 153-172.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to succes ın world politics. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2005). Soft power and higher education. Educause: Forum for the future of higher education, https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2005/1/ffp0502s-pdf.pdf, (Accessed February 8, 2020).
  • Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94-109.
  • Nye, J. S. (2009). Smart power. New Perspectives Quaterly, 26(2), 7-9. Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). Les acteurs de la coopération francophone. https://www.francophonie.org adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Pells, R. (1997). Not like us. New York: Basic Books.
  • Pigman, G. A. (2010). Contemporary diplomacy. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Polo, J.-F., & Üstel F. (2014). Les nouvelles orientations de la politique culturelle turque : A la recherche d’un modele conservateur alternatif ? Pôle Sud, 4(2), 17-32.
  • Resmî Gazete. (2007, Mayıs 18). No 26526. Law of Yunus Emre Institute. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/05/20070518-3.htm, (Accessed February 28, 2020).
  • Roselli, M. (1996). Le projet politique de la langue française. Le rôle de l’Alliance française. Politix. Revue des Sciences sociales du Politique, 36, 73-94.
  • Schneider, C. P. (2003). Diplomacy that works: Best practices in cultural diplomacy. Cultural Diplomacy Research Series Center for Arts and Culture. https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/Schneider.pdf, (Accessed February 2, 2020).
  • Lord, C. (2005). Diplomatie publique et soft power. Politique Américaine, 3(3), 61-72.
  • Yunus Emre Institute (2018). Faaliyet Raporu 2018. https://ipek.yee.org.tr/tr/yayin/2018-faaliyet-raporu (Accessed March 6, 2020).
  • Yunus Emre Institute (2020a). 2023 Vizyonu Strateji Geliştirme Müdürlüğü. https://www.yee.org.tr/sites/default/files/2023_vizyonu.pdf, (Accessed March 7, 2020).
  • Yunus Emre Institute (2020b). Kültürel diplomasi akademisi. http://kda.yee.org.tr/kulturel-diplomasi-akademisi, (Accessed March 7, 2020).

Education Policies as a Tool of Soft Power: Alliance Française and Yunus Emre Institute

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 125 - 134, 30.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.741167

Abstract

The cultural diplomacy is an application of public diplomacy. It is used as an effective tool of soft power. A developing state depends on various political and economic factors, but also on public diplomacy; namely cultural diplomacy that state pursues in foreign policy. Considering that the education is a part of cultural diplomacy, we can suppose that education policy is an effective tool of soft power. It should be noted that there is an inevitable relationship between “education policy” and “soft power”, differing from state to state. In this context, it is important to examine the education policies of cultural institutions that state operate abroad. That is why, the present study analyzes the education policies of Alliance française and those of Yunus Emre Institute in the context of soft power. These educational institutions will be compared, and a special attention will be given to education policies that states develop in their cultural diplomacy.

References

  • Alliance française (2020). Mission, vision et valeurs. https://www.fondation-alliancefr.org/?cat=1457, (Accessed March 7, 2020).
  • Amirbek, A., & Ydyrys K. (2014). Education and soft power: Analysis as an instrument of foreign policy. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 143, 514-516.
  • Besse, H., & Porquier R. (1991). Grammaire et didactique des langues. Paris: Didier & Hatier LAL.
  • Chakraborty, K. (2013). Cultural diplomacy dictionary. California: Center for Cultural Diplomacy Publications.
  • Chaubet, F. (2004). L’Alliance française ou la diplomatie de la langue (1883-1914). Revue historique 4(632), 763-785.
  • Cull, N. J. (2009). Public diplomacy: Lessons from the past. Los Angeles: Figueroa Press.
  • Demir, V. (2012). Kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç. İstanbul: Beta.
  • Eren, E. (2018). Ulus devletlerde toplumsal, kültürel ve siyasi bir etmen olarak kimlik algısı: Türkiye bağlamında ulusal kimlik merkezli dil ve eğitim Politikaları. Turkish Studies Economics, Finance and Politic, 13(22), 225-237.
  • France Diplomatie (2001). Ministère de l’Europe et des Affaires étrangères. Archives diplomatiques. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/archives-diplomatiques/, (Accessed February 28, 2020).
  • Fondation Alliance française (2018). Rapport d’activité 2018 p. 18-21. https://www.fondation-alliancefr.org/wp-content/medias/RAPPORT%20ACTIVITES/FAF_RA_2018_A4_V5_PP_BD_juin2019.pdf, (Accessed March 9, 2020).
  • Gazeau-Secret, A. (2013). -Soft Power-: L’influence par la langue et la culture. Revue Internationale et Stratégique, 1(89), 103-110.
  • İnal, K. (2012). Dil ve politika. Dilin kökeni, etnik boyutu ve kimlikle ilişkisi. Ankara: Ütopya Yayınları, Sosyoloji-Antropoloji Dizisi.
  • Ivey, B., & Cleggett P. (2008). Cultural diplomacy and the national interest: In search of a 21st century perspective. Arts Industries Policy Forum, 1-41.
  • Kalın, İ. (2011). Soft and public diplomacy in Turkey. Perceptions Journal of International Affairs, 16(3), 5-23.
  • Kalın, İ. (2012). Türk dış politikası ve kamu diplomasisi. İstanbul: Tasam Yayınları.
  • Legifrance Service Public de la Diffusion du Droit de France (2020). Arrêté du 17 février 1964 Création et Nominations de Membres au Comité d’études pour la Préparation du Second Plan Quinquennal d’Expansion Culturelle https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000000842972&pageCourante=01919, (Accessed February 28, 2020).
  • Nye, J. S. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 80, 153-172.
  • Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft power: The means to succes ın world politics. New York: Public Affairs.
  • Nye, J. S. (2005). Soft power and higher education. Educause: Forum for the future of higher education, https://library.educause.edu/-/media/files/library/2005/1/ffp0502s-pdf.pdf, (Accessed February 8, 2020).
  • Nye, J. S. (2008). Public diplomacy and soft power. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94-109.
  • Nye, J. S. (2009). Smart power. New Perspectives Quaterly, 26(2), 7-9. Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). Les acteurs de la coopération francophone. https://www.francophonie.org adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Pells, R. (1997). Not like us. New York: Basic Books.
  • Pigman, G. A. (2010). Contemporary diplomacy. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Polo, J.-F., & Üstel F. (2014). Les nouvelles orientations de la politique culturelle turque : A la recherche d’un modele conservateur alternatif ? Pôle Sud, 4(2), 17-32.
  • Resmî Gazete. (2007, Mayıs 18). No 26526. Law of Yunus Emre Institute. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/05/20070518-3.htm, (Accessed February 28, 2020).
  • Roselli, M. (1996). Le projet politique de la langue française. Le rôle de l’Alliance française. Politix. Revue des Sciences sociales du Politique, 36, 73-94.
  • Schneider, C. P. (2003). Diplomacy that works: Best practices in cultural diplomacy. Cultural Diplomacy Research Series Center for Arts and Culture. https://www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/Schneider.pdf, (Accessed February 2, 2020).
  • Lord, C. (2005). Diplomatie publique et soft power. Politique Américaine, 3(3), 61-72.
  • Yunus Emre Institute (2018). Faaliyet Raporu 2018. https://ipek.yee.org.tr/tr/yayin/2018-faaliyet-raporu (Accessed March 6, 2020).
  • Yunus Emre Institute (2020a). 2023 Vizyonu Strateji Geliştirme Müdürlüğü. https://www.yee.org.tr/sites/default/files/2023_vizyonu.pdf, (Accessed March 7, 2020).
  • Yunus Emre Institute (2020b). Kültürel diplomasi akademisi. http://kda.yee.org.tr/kulturel-diplomasi-akademisi, (Accessed March 7, 2020).
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ebru Eren 0000-0002-3482-0504

Publication Date November 30, 2020
Acceptance Date November 23, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Eren, E. (2020). Education Policies as a Tool of Soft Power: Alliance Française and Yunus Emre Institute. Current Research in Social Sciences, 6(2), 125-134. https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.741167