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Avrupa’da Kara Ölüm Ve Dönem Kronikleri

Year 2011, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 139 - 164, 01.03.2011

Abstract

: This paper discusses the black death perspectives of three chronicles The first part of the paper briefly outlines the socio economic impact of the black death Afterwards this study investigates Jean de Venette’s chronicle of On the Progress of the Black Death The paper emphasizes the astronomical and religious causes of the black death Then the paper discusses Marchione di Coppo Stefani’s Cronaca Fiorentina Rerum İtalicarum Scriptores The study suggests that the negative impact of the black death to the society was not limited to the deaths caused by the black death but some sort of social discomfort pushed people to death Lastly Jean Froissart emphasizes the chaotic situation of the post plague society and the relationship between the black death and the peasant revolts are discussed

References

  • Ackerman, C., 1976, ‘The Rural Demography of Medieval England’, Ethnohistory, 23/2, s. 105-115.
  • Anderson, M., (ed). 1996, British Population History: From the Black Death to the Present Day, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Benedictow, O. J., 2004, The Black Death, 1346–1353: The Complete History, Boydell Press, Woodbridge.
  • Bennett, J. M., 1987, Women in the Medieval English Countryside: Gender and Houisehold in Brigstockbefore the Plague, New York ve Oxford.
  • Beresford, M. W., 1951, ‘The Lost Villages of Medieval England’, Geographical Journal, 117/2, s. 129-147.
  • Bridbur C. A., 1931, The Black Death and Men of Learning, New York.
  • Campbell, B., ed. 1991, Before the Black Death: Studies in the ‘Crisis’ of the Early Fourteenth Century, Mancester University Press, Mancester.
  • Carmichael, A., 2003, ‘Plague and More Plagues’, Early Science and Medicine, 8/3, s. 253-266.
  • Carpentier, E., 1962, ‘Autour de la Peste Noire: Famines et Epidémies dans l'histoire du XIVe Siècle’, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 17e Année, 6 s. 1062-1092.
  • Carpentier, E., 1962, Une ville devant la peste: Orvieto et la Peste Noire de I348, S.E.V.P.E.N. Paris.
  • Cohn, S. K., 2002, ‘The Black Death: End of a Paradigm’, American Historical Review, 107/3, s. 708-9.
  • Cohn, S. K., 2003, The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe, Edward Arnold, Londra.
  • Courtenay, W. J., 1980, ‘The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education’, Speculum, 55/4, s. 696-714.
  • Davis, D. E., 1986, ‘The Scarcity of Rats and the Black Death: An Ecological History’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 16/3, s. 455-470.
  • Dohar, W. J., 1995, The Black Death and Pastoral Leadership: The Diocese of Hereford in the Fourteenth Century, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
  • Dyer, C., 1994, ‘The English Medieval Village Community and Its Decline’, Journal of British Studies, 33/4, s. 407-429.
  • Emery, R. W., 1967, ’The Black Death of 1348 in Perpignan’, Speculum, 42/4, s. 611- 623;
  • Getz, F. M., 1991, ‘Black Death and the Silver Lining: Meaning, Continuity, and Revolutionary Change in Histories of Medieval Plague’, Journal of the History of Biology, 24/2, s. 265-289.
  • Gottfried, R. S., 1980, ‘Bury St. Edmunds and the Populations of Late Medieval English Towns, 1270-1530’, Journal of British Studies, 20/1, s. 1-31.
  • Gottfried, R. S., I983, The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe, , Macmillan, New York.
  • Gottfried, R. S., 1986, Doctors and Medicine in Medieval England, 1340-1530, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Hatcher, J., 1977, Plague, Population and the English Economy 1348-1530, Macmillan, Londra.
  • Hatcher, J., 1994, ‘England in the Aftermath of the Black Death’, Past and Present, 144, s. 3-35.
  • Herlihy, D., 1997, The Black Death and the Transformation of the West, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Huppert, G., 1998, After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
  • ‘Jean de Venette’, 1910-11, Encyclopeadia Britannica, cilt 28.
  • Kosove, D. B., 1995, Eleştiri: Robert C. Palmer, English Law in the Age of the Black Death, 1348-1381: A Transformation of Governance and Law (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), Michigan Law Review, 93/6, , s. 1772.
  • Lerner, R. E. 1996, eleştiri: William J. Dohar, The Black Death and Pastoral Leadership: The Diocese of Hereford in the Fourteenth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1995). American Historical Review, 101/3, s. 832.
  • Little, A. G., 1890, ‘The Black Death in Lancashire’, English Historical Review, 5/19, s. 524-530.
  • Lumby, J. R., ed. 1889-95, Chronicon Henrici Knighton, 2 vols. (Rolls Series, Londra,), ii, s. 74; içinde: John Hatcher, ‘England in the Aftermath of the Black Death’ s. 11.
  • Macauly, G. C., ed. ve çev., 1904, Jean Froissart: on the Jacquerie, 1358: The Chronicles of Froissart, Lord Berners, Macmillan, Londra.
  • Mate, M., 1984, ‘Agrarian Economy after the Black Death: The Manors of Canterbury Cathedral Priory, 1348-91’, Economic History Review, New Series, 37/3, s. 341- 354.
  • Mate, M. E., 1998, Daughters, Wives and Widows After the Black Death. Women in Sussex, 1350-1535, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge.
  • Newhall, R. A. ed., Birdsall, J., çev., 1953, The Chronicle of Jean de Venette, Columbia University Press, New York.
  • Palmer, R. C., 1993, English Law in the Age of the Black Death, 1348- 1381: A Transformation of Governance and Law, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  • Platt, C., 1997, King Death: The Black Death and its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England, UCL Press, Londra.
  • Poos, L. R., 1991, A Rural Society after the Black Death: Essex, 1350-1525,: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York.
  • Renouard, Y., 1948, ‘Consequences et interet demographiques de la Peste noire de 1348’, Population (French Edition), 3, s. 459-466.
  • Robbins, H., 1928, ‘A Comparison of the Effects of the Black Death on the Economic Organization of France and England’, Journal of Political Economy, 36/4, s. 447- 79.
  • Rodolico, N., ed., 1903-13, Coppo, Stefani, Marchione di, Cronaca fiorentina. Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, Vol. 30. ,. Citta di Castello.
  • Scott, S., ve Duncan, C., J., 2001, The Biology of Plagues: Evidence from Historical Populations Cambridge University Press, Londra; New York.
  • Susman, N., 1998, ‘The Late Medieval Bullion Famine Reconsidered’, Journal of Economic History, 58/1 s. 126.
  • Thompson, J. W., 1921, ‘The Aftermath of the Black Death and the Aftermath of the Great War’, American Journal of Sociology, 26/5.
  • Tristram, P., I976, Figures of Life and Death in Medieval English Literature, Paul Elek, Londra.
  • Twigg, G., 1984, The Black Death: A Biological Reappraisal, Londra: Batsford Academic and Educational.
  • Twigg, G., 1985, The Black Death: A Biological Reappraisal,: Schocken Books, New York.
  • Ziegler, P., 1982, The Black Death,: Penguin, Harmondsworth.

AVRUPA’DA KARA ÖLÜM VE DÖNEM KRONİKLERİ

Year 2011, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 139 - 164, 01.03.2011

Abstract

Bu çalışmada üç özel dönem kroniğinin On dördüncü yüzyılda Batı Avrupa’da ortaya
çıkan ‘Kara ölüm’e bakış açıları değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmanın ilk bölümünde
‘Kara Ölümün’ sosyo-ekonomik etkileri kısaca özetlenmiştir. Daha sonra ‘Büyük
Salgın’ın Jean de Venette’in On the Progress of the Black Death isimli eserinde Kara
Ölümün ortaçağ bakış açısı içinden ortaya sürdüğü ‘astronomik’ ve ‘dinsel’ nedenleri
incelenmektedir. Bunu takiben Marchione di Coppo Stefani’nin Cronaca fiorentina.
Rerum Italicarum Scriptores isimli eserinde Kara ölümün toplum üzerinde yarattığı
olumsuz durumun toplumu nasıl daha da kötü hale getirdiği irdelenmekte kara ölümden
yaşanan can kayıplarının sadece hastalığın kendisinden kaynaklanmadığı, bir tür
toplumsal huzursuzluğun insanları ölüme terk ettiği vurgulanmaktadır. Son olarak Jean
Froissart, Kara Ölüm sonrası toplumun içinde bulunduğu kaotik durumu vurgulamakta
ve Avrupa köylü ayaklanmalarıyla kara ölüm arasındaki ilişki incelenmektedir.

References

  • Ackerman, C., 1976, ‘The Rural Demography of Medieval England’, Ethnohistory, 23/2, s. 105-115.
  • Anderson, M., (ed). 1996, British Population History: From the Black Death to the Present Day, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Benedictow, O. J., 2004, The Black Death, 1346–1353: The Complete History, Boydell Press, Woodbridge.
  • Bennett, J. M., 1987, Women in the Medieval English Countryside: Gender and Houisehold in Brigstockbefore the Plague, New York ve Oxford.
  • Beresford, M. W., 1951, ‘The Lost Villages of Medieval England’, Geographical Journal, 117/2, s. 129-147.
  • Bridbur C. A., 1931, The Black Death and Men of Learning, New York.
  • Campbell, B., ed. 1991, Before the Black Death: Studies in the ‘Crisis’ of the Early Fourteenth Century, Mancester University Press, Mancester.
  • Carmichael, A., 2003, ‘Plague and More Plagues’, Early Science and Medicine, 8/3, s. 253-266.
  • Carpentier, E., 1962, ‘Autour de la Peste Noire: Famines et Epidémies dans l'histoire du XIVe Siècle’, Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 17e Année, 6 s. 1062-1092.
  • Carpentier, E., 1962, Une ville devant la peste: Orvieto et la Peste Noire de I348, S.E.V.P.E.N. Paris.
  • Cohn, S. K., 2002, ‘The Black Death: End of a Paradigm’, American Historical Review, 107/3, s. 708-9.
  • Cohn, S. K., 2003, The Black Death Transformed: Disease and Culture in Early Renaissance Europe, Edward Arnold, Londra.
  • Courtenay, W. J., 1980, ‘The Effect of the Black Death on English Higher Education’, Speculum, 55/4, s. 696-714.
  • Davis, D. E., 1986, ‘The Scarcity of Rats and the Black Death: An Ecological History’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 16/3, s. 455-470.
  • Dohar, W. J., 1995, The Black Death and Pastoral Leadership: The Diocese of Hereford in the Fourteenth Century, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
  • Dyer, C., 1994, ‘The English Medieval Village Community and Its Decline’, Journal of British Studies, 33/4, s. 407-429.
  • Emery, R. W., 1967, ’The Black Death of 1348 in Perpignan’, Speculum, 42/4, s. 611- 623;
  • Getz, F. M., 1991, ‘Black Death and the Silver Lining: Meaning, Continuity, and Revolutionary Change in Histories of Medieval Plague’, Journal of the History of Biology, 24/2, s. 265-289.
  • Gottfried, R. S., 1980, ‘Bury St. Edmunds and the Populations of Late Medieval English Towns, 1270-1530’, Journal of British Studies, 20/1, s. 1-31.
  • Gottfried, R. S., I983, The Black Death: Natural and Human Disaster in Medieval Europe, , Macmillan, New York.
  • Gottfried, R. S., 1986, Doctors and Medicine in Medieval England, 1340-1530, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Hatcher, J., 1977, Plague, Population and the English Economy 1348-1530, Macmillan, Londra.
  • Hatcher, J., 1994, ‘England in the Aftermath of the Black Death’, Past and Present, 144, s. 3-35.
  • Herlihy, D., 1997, The Black Death and the Transformation of the West, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  • Huppert, G., 1998, After the Black Death: A Social History of Early Modern Europe, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
  • ‘Jean de Venette’, 1910-11, Encyclopeadia Britannica, cilt 28.
  • Kosove, D. B., 1995, Eleştiri: Robert C. Palmer, English Law in the Age of the Black Death, 1348-1381: A Transformation of Governance and Law (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), Michigan Law Review, 93/6, , s. 1772.
  • Lerner, R. E. 1996, eleştiri: William J. Dohar, The Black Death and Pastoral Leadership: The Diocese of Hereford in the Fourteenth Century (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 1995). American Historical Review, 101/3, s. 832.
  • Little, A. G., 1890, ‘The Black Death in Lancashire’, English Historical Review, 5/19, s. 524-530.
  • Lumby, J. R., ed. 1889-95, Chronicon Henrici Knighton, 2 vols. (Rolls Series, Londra,), ii, s. 74; içinde: John Hatcher, ‘England in the Aftermath of the Black Death’ s. 11.
  • Macauly, G. C., ed. ve çev., 1904, Jean Froissart: on the Jacquerie, 1358: The Chronicles of Froissart, Lord Berners, Macmillan, Londra.
  • Mate, M., 1984, ‘Agrarian Economy after the Black Death: The Manors of Canterbury Cathedral Priory, 1348-91’, Economic History Review, New Series, 37/3, s. 341- 354.
  • Mate, M. E., 1998, Daughters, Wives and Widows After the Black Death. Women in Sussex, 1350-1535, The Boydell Press, Woodbridge.
  • Newhall, R. A. ed., Birdsall, J., çev., 1953, The Chronicle of Jean de Venette, Columbia University Press, New York.
  • Palmer, R. C., 1993, English Law in the Age of the Black Death, 1348- 1381: A Transformation of Governance and Law, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  • Platt, C., 1997, King Death: The Black Death and its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England, UCL Press, Londra.
  • Poos, L. R., 1991, A Rural Society after the Black Death: Essex, 1350-1525,: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; New York.
  • Renouard, Y., 1948, ‘Consequences et interet demographiques de la Peste noire de 1348’, Population (French Edition), 3, s. 459-466.
  • Robbins, H., 1928, ‘A Comparison of the Effects of the Black Death on the Economic Organization of France and England’, Journal of Political Economy, 36/4, s. 447- 79.
  • Rodolico, N., ed., 1903-13, Coppo, Stefani, Marchione di, Cronaca fiorentina. Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, Vol. 30. ,. Citta di Castello.
  • Scott, S., ve Duncan, C., J., 2001, The Biology of Plagues: Evidence from Historical Populations Cambridge University Press, Londra; New York.
  • Susman, N., 1998, ‘The Late Medieval Bullion Famine Reconsidered’, Journal of Economic History, 58/1 s. 126.
  • Thompson, J. W., 1921, ‘The Aftermath of the Black Death and the Aftermath of the Great War’, American Journal of Sociology, 26/5.
  • Tristram, P., I976, Figures of Life and Death in Medieval English Literature, Paul Elek, Londra.
  • Twigg, G., 1984, The Black Death: A Biological Reappraisal, Londra: Batsford Academic and Educational.
  • Twigg, G., 1985, The Black Death: A Biological Reappraisal,: Schocken Books, New York.
  • Ziegler, P., 1982, The Black Death,: Penguin, Harmondsworth.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yrd. Doç. Dr. T. Tolga Gümüş This is me

Publication Date March 1, 2011
Submission Date December 29, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gümüş, Y. D. D. T. T. (2011). AVRUPA’DA KARA ÖLÜM VE DÖNEM KRONİKLERİ. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(1), 139-164.