Sumak ve Önemli Biyolojik Etkileri
Year 2019,
Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 69 - 78, 30.06.2019
Fatma Zerrin Saltan
,
Duygu Ünder
Abstract
Sumak (Rhus coriaria L.)
özellikle ekşi tadı nedeniyle Anadolu’da sık tüketilen bir baharattır. Sumak,
zengin besleyici içeriği yanında gallik asit gibi önemli antioksidan etkili
bileşikleri de yapısında barındırmaktadır. Bu nedenle sumak üzerine yapılan
birçok biyolojik etki çalışması bulunmaktadır. Bu derlemede; sumağın kimyasal
bileşimi ve antidiyabetik, hipolipidemik, skolidal, analjezik ve DNA koruyucu etki
gibi önemli biyolojik etkileri açıklanmaktadır. Sumağın nütrasötik önemi ve sahip
olduğu önemli biyolojik etkileri nedeniyle tarımsal olarak üretiminin artırılmasının
ve halk arasında kullanımın özendirilmesinin gerekliliği bu derleme ile ortaya
konmuştur.
References
- Abu-Reidah I., M., Ali-Shtayeh M., S., Jamous R., M., Arráez-Román D., Segura-Carretero A. (2015) HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive components from Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) fruits. Food Chem 166:179-191.Abu-Reiadah, I. M., Jamous, R.M., Ali-Shtayeh, M.S. (2014) Phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and industrial applications of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac). JJBS 7 (4):233-244. Abu-Shanab, B., Adwan, G., Abu-Safiya, D., Adwan, K., Abu-Shanab, M. (2005) Antibacterial activity of Rhus coriaria L. extracts growing in Palestine. J Islam Univ Gaza 13:147-153.Al-Bataina, B. A., Maslat, A. O., & Al-Kofahi, M. M. (2003) Element analysis and biological studies on ten oriental spices using XRF and Ames test. J Trace Elem Med Biol 17:85-90.Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Al-Assali, A. A., Jamous R. M. (2013) Antimicrobial activity of Palestinian medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. African J Microbiol Res 7:2560-2573.Karimi Arab, M., Heidarieh, N., & Jamalloo, F. (2017) Effect of hydroalchoholic extract sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on expression of passive avoidance learning in gonadectomized male rats. JSSU 25:404-413. Asgary, S., Salehizadeh, L., Keshvari, M., Taheri, M., Spence, N. D., Farvid, M. S., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Sarrafzadegan, N. (2018) Potential cardioprotective effects of sumac capsule in patients with hyperlipidemia: A triple-blind randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Am Coll Nutr 37:286-292.Beretta, G., Rossoni, G., Santagati, N. A., & Facino, R. M. (2009) Anti-ischemic activity and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of hydrolysable tannins from the leaves of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) in isolated rabbit heart and thoracic aorta. Planta Med 75:1482-1488.Baytop T. (1999) Türkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Yayınları, İstanbul.Baumgartner, R. R., Steinmann, D., Heiss, E. H., Atanasov, A. G., Ganzera, M., Stuppner, H., Dirsch V. M. (2010). Bioactivity-guided isolation of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-d-glucopyranose from Paeonia lactiflora roots as a PTP1B inhibitor. J Nat Prod 73:1578-1581.Chakraborty, A., Ferk, F., Simić, T., Brantner, A., Dusinska ,M., Kundi, M., Hoelzl, C., Nersesyan, A., Knasmüller, S. (2009) DNA- protective effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), a common spice: Results of human and animal studies. Mutat Res 661:10-17. Davis, P. H. (1997) Flora of Turkey and East Aegein Islands Vol 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Djakpo, O., Yao, W. (2010) Rhus chinensis and galla chinensis- Folklore to modern evidence: Review. Phytother Res 24:1739-1747. Doğan, A., Çelik, İ. (2016) Healing effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol 54:2092-2102.El Hasasna, H., Saleh, A., Al Samri, H., Athamneh, K., Attoub, S., Arafat, K., Benhalilou, :, Alyan, S., Viallet, J., Al Dhaheri, Y., Eid, A., Iratni, R. (2016) Rhus coriaria suppresses angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor growth of breast cancer through inhibition of STAT3, NFκB and nitric oxide pathways. Sci Rep 6:1-15.El-Sissi H., I., Ishak, M., S., Abd El Wahid M., S. (1972) Polyphenolic components of Rhus coriaria leaves, Planta Med 21:67-71. Ertürk, Ö. (2010) Antibacterial and antifungal effects of alcoholic extracts of 41 medicinal plants growing in Turkey. Czech J Food Sci 28:53-60.Fazeli, M. R., Amin, G., Attari, M. M. A., Ashtiani, H., Jamalifar, H., Samadi, N. (2007) Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishan-e shirazi (Zataria multiflora) against some food-borne bacteria. Food control, 18:646-649.Giancarlo, S., Rosa, L. M., Nadjafi, F., Francesco, M. (2006) Hypoglycaemic activity of two spices extracts: Rhus coriaria L. and Bunium persicum Boiss. Nat Prod Res 20:882-886.Güner, A. (2012) Türkiye Bitkiler Listesi Damarlı Bitkileri, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul. Hasanova, G., Öztürk M, Akçiçek E, (2000) Azerbaycan' da Geleneksel Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler 13. BİHAT özet kitabı, İstanbul.Kacergius, T., Abu-Lafi, S., Kirkliauskiene, A., Gabe, V., Adawi, A., Rayan, M., Qutob, M., Stukas R., Utku, A., Zeidan, M. Rayan, A. (2017) Inhibitory capacity of Rhus coriaria L. extract and its major component methyl gallate on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by optical profilometry: Potential applications for oral health. Mol Med Rep 16:949-956 Kaysers, S. M., Feuercisen, M. M., Schieber, A. (2015) Phenolic coumposunds in edible species of the Anacardiaceae family. RSC Adv 73301-73314.Kizil, S., Turk, M. (2010) Microelement contents and fatty acid compositions of Rhus coriaria L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. fruits spread commonly in the south eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Natural Product Res 24:92-98.Kossah, R., Nsabimana, C., Zhao, J., Chen, H., Tian, F., Zhang; H., Chen, W. (2009) Comparative study on the chemical composition of Syrian sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) fruits. Pak J Nutr 8:1570-1574.Koşar, M., Bozan, B., Temelli, F., Başer, K. H. C. (2007) Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts. Food Chem 103:952-959.Kurt, R., Karayılmazlar, S., Çabuk, Y. (2014) Sepicilikte Kullanılan Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Dış Ticaretinin Değerlendirilmesi, Akdeniz ormanlarının geleceği: Sürdürülebilir toplum ve çevre”. II. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, Isparta, 650- 656.Kurucu, S., Koyuncu, M., Güvenç (Köroğlu), A., Başer, K. H. C., Özek, T. (1993) The essential oils of Rhus coriaria L., (Sumac). J. Essent Oil. Res 5:481-486.Mamıkoğlu, N. G. (2015) Türkiye'nin Ağaçları ve Çalıları. NTV Yayınları, İstanbul.Mirhadi, K., Daryoush, B., Saeid, S. (2011) Orally administration effect of Sumac on blood sugar in rat. J Advance in Environ Biol 5:2077-2079.Mirian, M., Behrooejan, M., Ghanadian, M., Dana, N., Sadeghi-Aliabadi, H. (2015) Cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic effects of Rhus coriaria, Pistacia vera and Pistacia khinjuk oleoresin methanol extracts. Res Pharm Sci. 10:233-240.Moazeni, M., Mohseni, M. (2012) Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.): scolicidal activity on hydatid cyst protoscolices. Surgical Science 3:452.Mohammadi, S., Zarei, M., Zarei, M. M., Salehi, İ. (2016) Effect of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Rhus Coriaria on pain in male rats. Anesth Pain Med 6:1-5.Nasar-Abbas, S. M., Halkman, A. K. (2004) Inhibition of some foodborne bacteria by alcohol extract of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.). J Food Saf 24:257–267.Onkar, S., Mohammed, A., Nida, A. (2011) New antifungal aromatic compounds from the seeds of Rhus coriaria L. Inter Res J Pharmacy 2:188-194.Özcan, M., M., Ünver, A., Arslan, D., Koşar M. (2007) Değişik Yörelerden Sumak (Rhus coriaria L.) Meyvesinin Ayrıntılı Kimyasal Bileşimi ve Oleorezin Üretiminde Kullanılması Üzerine Araştırma. TÜBİTAK Projesi, Konya.Parsania, M., Rezaee, M. B., Monavari, S. H., Jaimand, K., Mousavi Jazayeri, S. M., Razazian, M., & Nadjarha, M. H. (2017) Evaluation of antiviral effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit extract on acyclovir resistant Herpes simplex virus type 1. Medical Sciences 27:1-8.Ram, A., Lauria, P., Gupta, R., Kumar, P., Sharma, V. N. (1997) Hypocholesterolaemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree bark. J Ethnopharmacol 55:165-169. Radmehr, B., Abdolrahimzade, M. (2009) Antimicrobial effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extract in minced meat. Planta Med 75:1068, PJ152. Rahideh, S. T., Shidfar, F., Khandozi, N., Rajab, A., Hosseini, S. P., Mirtaher, S. M. (2014) The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) powder on insulin resistance, malondialdehyde, high sensitive C-reactive protein and paraoxonase 1 activity in type 2 diabetic patients. J Res Med Sci 19:933-938.Rajabi, M., Mousa, S. (2017) The role of angiogenesis in cancer treatment. Biomedicines 5:1-12.Raodah, M., Al-Ali, A. Z. H., Faleeha, H. H. (2014) The antioxidant and antimicrobial of Syrian sumac (Rhus coriaria) fruit extracts. J Nat Sci Res 4:36-40. Rayne, S., Mazza, G. (2007) Biological activities of extracts from sumac (Rhus spp.): a review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 62:165–175.Regazzoni, L., Arlandini, E., Garzon, D., Santagati, N. A., Beretta, G. Maffei Facino, R. (2013) A rapid profiling of gallotannins and flavonoids of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L. by flow injection analysis with high-resolution mass spectrometry assisted with database searching. J Pharm Biomed Anal 72:202-207.Sabzghabaee, A. M., Kelishadi, R., Golshiri, K., Ghannadi, A., Badri, S. (2014). Clinical effects of Rhus coriaria fruits on dyslipidemia in adolescents: a triple-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Med arch 68:308.Setorki, M., Rafieian, M., Heidarian, E., Ghatreh, K., Shahinfard, N., Ansari, R., Forouzandeh, Z. (2012) Effect of Rhus coriaria consumption with high cholesterol food on some atherosclerosis risk factors in rabbit. J Babol University of Medical Sci 14:38- 45.Shabbir, A. (2012) Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Animal & Plant Sci 2:505-512. Süleyman, H., Gül, V., Hirik, E. (2018) İskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı. Erzincan Tıp Dergisi 1:51-54.Tanker, N., Coşkun, M.., Koyuncu, M. (2007) Farmasötik Botanik, Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara. Tiryaki, G. Y. (2010). Kahramanamaraş İlinde Üretilen Simgesel Geleneksel Ürün: Sumak Ekşisi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi 31:55-58. Tuğrul, İ. (2009). Hipolipidemik İlaçlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiol-Special Topics 2:58-66.Tuzlacı, E. (2006) Şifa Niyetine Türkiye' nin Bitkisel Halk İlaçları. Alfa Yayıncılık, İstanbul. Tuzlacı, E. (2011) Türkiye Bitkileri Sözlüğü. Alfa Yayıncılık, İstanbul.Üstünes, L. Rx MediaPharma® İnteraktif İlaç Bilgi Kaynağı 2019. Accessed 04 March 2019.Zargham, H., Zargham, R. (2008) Tannin extracted from Sumac inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Mcgill J Med 11:119.Zhalel, M., Sohrabi, N., Zangeneh, M. M., Zangeneh, A., Moradi, R., Zhaleh, H. (2018) Chemical composition and antibacterial effect of essential oil of Rhus coriaria fruits in the west of Iran (Kermanshah). TEOP 21:493-501.
Year 2019,
Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 69 - 78, 30.06.2019
Fatma Zerrin Saltan
,
Duygu Ünder
References
- Abu-Reidah I., M., Ali-Shtayeh M., S., Jamous R., M., Arráez-Román D., Segura-Carretero A. (2015) HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS screening of bioactive components from Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) fruits. Food Chem 166:179-191.Abu-Reiadah, I. M., Jamous, R.M., Ali-Shtayeh, M.S. (2014) Phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and industrial applications of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac). JJBS 7 (4):233-244. Abu-Shanab, B., Adwan, G., Abu-Safiya, D., Adwan, K., Abu-Shanab, M. (2005) Antibacterial activity of Rhus coriaria L. extracts growing in Palestine. J Islam Univ Gaza 13:147-153.Al-Bataina, B. A., Maslat, A. O., & Al-Kofahi, M. M. (2003) Element analysis and biological studies on ten oriental spices using XRF and Ames test. J Trace Elem Med Biol 17:85-90.Ali-Shtayeh, M. S., Al-Assali, A. A., Jamous R. M. (2013) Antimicrobial activity of Palestinian medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria. African J Microbiol Res 7:2560-2573.Karimi Arab, M., Heidarieh, N., & Jamalloo, F. (2017) Effect of hydroalchoholic extract sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) on expression of passive avoidance learning in gonadectomized male rats. JSSU 25:404-413. Asgary, S., Salehizadeh, L., Keshvari, M., Taheri, M., Spence, N. D., Farvid, M. S., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Sarrafzadegan, N. (2018) Potential cardioprotective effects of sumac capsule in patients with hyperlipidemia: A triple-blind randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Am Coll Nutr 37:286-292.Beretta, G., Rossoni, G., Santagati, N. A., & Facino, R. M. (2009) Anti-ischemic activity and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect of hydrolysable tannins from the leaves of Rhus coriaria (Sumac) in isolated rabbit heart and thoracic aorta. Planta Med 75:1482-1488.Baytop T. (1999) Türkiye'de Bitkilerle Tedavi, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Yayınları, İstanbul.Baumgartner, R. R., Steinmann, D., Heiss, E. H., Atanasov, A. G., Ganzera, M., Stuppner, H., Dirsch V. M. (2010). Bioactivity-guided isolation of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-d-glucopyranose from Paeonia lactiflora roots as a PTP1B inhibitor. J Nat Prod 73:1578-1581.Chakraborty, A., Ferk, F., Simić, T., Brantner, A., Dusinska ,M., Kundi, M., Hoelzl, C., Nersesyan, A., Knasmüller, S. (2009) DNA- protective effects of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.), a common spice: Results of human and animal studies. Mutat Res 661:10-17. Davis, P. H. (1997) Flora of Turkey and East Aegein Islands Vol 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Djakpo, O., Yao, W. (2010) Rhus chinensis and galla chinensis- Folklore to modern evidence: Review. Phytother Res 24:1739-1747. Doğan, A., Çelik, İ. (2016) Healing effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol 54:2092-2102.El Hasasna, H., Saleh, A., Al Samri, H., Athamneh, K., Attoub, S., Arafat, K., Benhalilou, :, Alyan, S., Viallet, J., Al Dhaheri, Y., Eid, A., Iratni, R. (2016) Rhus coriaria suppresses angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor growth of breast cancer through inhibition of STAT3, NFκB and nitric oxide pathways. Sci Rep 6:1-15.El-Sissi H., I., Ishak, M., S., Abd El Wahid M., S. (1972) Polyphenolic components of Rhus coriaria leaves, Planta Med 21:67-71. Ertürk, Ö. (2010) Antibacterial and antifungal effects of alcoholic extracts of 41 medicinal plants growing in Turkey. Czech J Food Sci 28:53-60.Fazeli, M. R., Amin, G., Attari, M. M. A., Ashtiani, H., Jamalifar, H., Samadi, N. (2007) Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishan-e shirazi (Zataria multiflora) against some food-borne bacteria. Food control, 18:646-649.Giancarlo, S., Rosa, L. M., Nadjafi, F., Francesco, M. (2006) Hypoglycaemic activity of two spices extracts: Rhus coriaria L. and Bunium persicum Boiss. Nat Prod Res 20:882-886.Güner, A. (2012) Türkiye Bitkiler Listesi Damarlı Bitkileri, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi Yayınları, İstanbul. Hasanova, G., Öztürk M, Akçiçek E, (2000) Azerbaycan' da Geleneksel Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler 13. BİHAT özet kitabı, İstanbul.Kacergius, T., Abu-Lafi, S., Kirkliauskiene, A., Gabe, V., Adawi, A., Rayan, M., Qutob, M., Stukas R., Utku, A., Zeidan, M. Rayan, A. (2017) Inhibitory capacity of Rhus coriaria L. extract and its major component methyl gallate on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by optical profilometry: Potential applications for oral health. Mol Med Rep 16:949-956 Kaysers, S. M., Feuercisen, M. M., Schieber, A. (2015) Phenolic coumposunds in edible species of the Anacardiaceae family. RSC Adv 73301-73314.Kizil, S., Turk, M. (2010) Microelement contents and fatty acid compositions of Rhus coriaria L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. fruits spread commonly in the south eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Natural Product Res 24:92-98.Kossah, R., Nsabimana, C., Zhao, J., Chen, H., Tian, F., Zhang; H., Chen, W. (2009) Comparative study on the chemical composition of Syrian sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) and Chinese sumac (Rhus typhina L.) fruits. Pak J Nutr 8:1570-1574.Koşar, M., Bozan, B., Temelli, F., Başer, K. H. C. (2007) Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extracts. Food Chem 103:952-959.Kurt, R., Karayılmazlar, S., Çabuk, Y. (2014) Sepicilikte Kullanılan Odun Dışı Orman Ürünlerinin Dış Ticaretinin Değerlendirilmesi, Akdeniz ormanlarının geleceği: Sürdürülebilir toplum ve çevre”. II. Ulusal Akdeniz Orman ve Çevre Sempozyumu, Isparta, 650- 656.Kurucu, S., Koyuncu, M., Güvenç (Köroğlu), A., Başer, K. H. C., Özek, T. (1993) The essential oils of Rhus coriaria L., (Sumac). J. Essent Oil. Res 5:481-486.Mamıkoğlu, N. G. (2015) Türkiye'nin Ağaçları ve Çalıları. NTV Yayınları, İstanbul.Mirhadi, K., Daryoush, B., Saeid, S. (2011) Orally administration effect of Sumac on blood sugar in rat. J Advance in Environ Biol 5:2077-2079.Mirian, M., Behrooejan, M., Ghanadian, M., Dana, N., Sadeghi-Aliabadi, H. (2015) Cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic effects of Rhus coriaria, Pistacia vera and Pistacia khinjuk oleoresin methanol extracts. Res Pharm Sci. 10:233-240.Moazeni, M., Mohseni, M. (2012) Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.): scolicidal activity on hydatid cyst protoscolices. Surgical Science 3:452.Mohammadi, S., Zarei, M., Zarei, M. M., Salehi, İ. (2016) Effect of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Rhus Coriaria on pain in male rats. Anesth Pain Med 6:1-5.Nasar-Abbas, S. M., Halkman, A. K. (2004) Inhibition of some foodborne bacteria by alcohol extract of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.). J Food Saf 24:257–267.Onkar, S., Mohammed, A., Nida, A. (2011) New antifungal aromatic compounds from the seeds of Rhus coriaria L. Inter Res J Pharmacy 2:188-194.Özcan, M., M., Ünver, A., Arslan, D., Koşar M. (2007) Değişik Yörelerden Sumak (Rhus coriaria L.) Meyvesinin Ayrıntılı Kimyasal Bileşimi ve Oleorezin Üretiminde Kullanılması Üzerine Araştırma. TÜBİTAK Projesi, Konya.Parsania, M., Rezaee, M. B., Monavari, S. H., Jaimand, K., Mousavi Jazayeri, S. M., Razazian, M., & Nadjarha, M. H. (2017) Evaluation of antiviral effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) fruit extract on acyclovir resistant Herpes simplex virus type 1. Medical Sciences 27:1-8.Ram, A., Lauria, P., Gupta, R., Kumar, P., Sharma, V. N. (1997) Hypocholesterolaemic effects of Terminalia arjuna tree bark. J Ethnopharmacol 55:165-169. Radmehr, B., Abdolrahimzade, M. (2009) Antimicrobial effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) extract in minced meat. Planta Med 75:1068, PJ152. Rahideh, S. T., Shidfar, F., Khandozi, N., Rajab, A., Hosseini, S. P., Mirtaher, S. M. (2014) The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) powder on insulin resistance, malondialdehyde, high sensitive C-reactive protein and paraoxonase 1 activity in type 2 diabetic patients. J Res Med Sci 19:933-938.Rajabi, M., Mousa, S. (2017) The role of angiogenesis in cancer treatment. Biomedicines 5:1-12.Raodah, M., Al-Ali, A. Z. H., Faleeha, H. H. (2014) The antioxidant and antimicrobial of Syrian sumac (Rhus coriaria) fruit extracts. J Nat Sci Res 4:36-40. Rayne, S., Mazza, G. (2007) Biological activities of extracts from sumac (Rhus spp.): a review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 62:165–175.Regazzoni, L., Arlandini, E., Garzon, D., Santagati, N. A., Beretta, G. Maffei Facino, R. (2013) A rapid profiling of gallotannins and flavonoids of the aqueous extract of Rhus coriaria L. by flow injection analysis with high-resolution mass spectrometry assisted with database searching. J Pharm Biomed Anal 72:202-207.Sabzghabaee, A. M., Kelishadi, R., Golshiri, K., Ghannadi, A., Badri, S. (2014). Clinical effects of Rhus coriaria fruits on dyslipidemia in adolescents: a triple-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial. Med arch 68:308.Setorki, M., Rafieian, M., Heidarian, E., Ghatreh, K., Shahinfard, N., Ansari, R., Forouzandeh, Z. (2012) Effect of Rhus coriaria consumption with high cholesterol food on some atherosclerosis risk factors in rabbit. J Babol University of Medical Sci 14:38- 45.Shabbir, A. (2012) Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Animal & Plant Sci 2:505-512. Süleyman, H., Gül, V., Hirik, E. (2018) İskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı. Erzincan Tıp Dergisi 1:51-54.Tanker, N., Coşkun, M.., Koyuncu, M. (2007) Farmasötik Botanik, Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara. Tiryaki, G. Y. (2010). Kahramanamaraş İlinde Üretilen Simgesel Geleneksel Ürün: Sumak Ekşisi. Gıda Mühendisliği Dergisi 31:55-58. Tuğrul, İ. (2009). Hipolipidemik İlaçlar. Turkiye Klinikleri J Cardiol-Special Topics 2:58-66.Tuzlacı, E. (2006) Şifa Niyetine Türkiye' nin Bitkisel Halk İlaçları. Alfa Yayıncılık, İstanbul. Tuzlacı, E. (2011) Türkiye Bitkileri Sözlüğü. Alfa Yayıncılık, İstanbul.Üstünes, L. Rx MediaPharma® İnteraktif İlaç Bilgi Kaynağı 2019. Accessed 04 March 2019.Zargham, H., Zargham, R. (2008) Tannin extracted from Sumac inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Mcgill J Med 11:119.Zhalel, M., Sohrabi, N., Zangeneh, M. M., Zangeneh, A., Moradi, R., Zhaleh, H. (2018) Chemical composition and antibacterial effect of essential oil of Rhus coriaria fruits in the west of Iran (Kermanshah). TEOP 21:493-501.