Bourdieu’nün Sınıf Kuramında Sosyal Alan, Sosyal Sermaye ve Sembolik Düzen

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 103 - 119, 31.10.2025

Ejder Çelik , Fikret Yılmaz

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Bourdieu’nün belirlediği kültürel, sosyal ve sembolik sermaye türlerinin ve sosyal alan kavramının sınıf kuramı içindeki rolünü analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Bourdieu’nün önerilerini ve konuyla ilgili diğer önemli kuramsal referansları vurgulayan betimleyici bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Pierre Bourdieu’nün sosyolojik çalışmaları, sosyo-tarihsel olarak oluşturulmuş gelenekleri ve yöntemleri nispeten akılcı bir eklektizm altında birleştirerek sosyal dünyanın ve çeşitli toplumsal egemenlik biçimlerinin araştırılmasına odaklanmıştır. Sosyal alan üzerine yaptığı çalışmalar da yaklaşımını yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Bourdieu’nün kültürel sınıf kuramında alanın rolünü incelemekte ve kültürel sermaye kuramının çağdaş sosyolojide önemli bir yer tuttuğunu ve sınıf kuramına özgün bir bakış açısı sunduğunu belirtmektedir. Ekonomik ve mesleki yapılara dayanan geleneksel kuramların aksine, Bourdieu sınıf sorunlarını kültürel bir perspektiften araştırır. Kültürün sınıfı önemli ölçüde etkilediğini ve ekonomik sermaye gibi toplumsal eşitsizlikleri somutlaştırdığını vurgular. Modern toplumda, bireylerin ve grupların kimlik ve statülerinin yaşam tarzı ve ilişkili faktörler tarafından belirlendiğini savunur.

Keywords

Sosyal Sınıf , Kültürel Sermaye , Sosyal Alan , Yaşam Tarzı , Sosyal Ağ

Social Space, Social Capital, and Symbolic Order in Bourdieu’s Theory of Class

Abstract

This study analyzes the role of cultural, social, and symbolic capital as defined by Bourdieu, along with the concept of the social field in class theory. It offers a descriptive review that highlights Bourdieu’s proposals and other key theoretical references on the subject. Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological work has focused on investigating the social world and various forms of social domination by combining socio-historically established traditions and methods under a relatively rational eclecticism. His research on social fields reflects this approach. This study asserts that Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital occupies a significant place in contemporary sociology, offering a unique perspective on class theory. Unlike traditional theories based on economic and occupational structures, Bourdieu examines class from a cultural perspective. He emphasizes that culture plays a significant role in shaping class and mirrors social inequalities, such as those linked to economic capital. Bourdieu argues that in modern society, identities and statuses are shaped by lifestyle and related factors.

Keywords

Social Class , Cultural Capital , Social Field , Lifestyle , Social Networks

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