MİMARİ YARIŞMALARIN BERLİN KENT DÖNÜŞÜMÜNÜN BAŞARILMASINDA ETKİSİ

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 21 - 41, 28.02.2021

Evin Eriş Yasemen Say Özer

Abstract

Berlin, hem mimari ve kentsel yarışmaların geleneksel hale gelmesi nedeniyle yarışma mekanizmasıyla örnek teşkil eden, hem de modernitenin doğduğu coğrafyada yer alarak, ‘modern’ kente dair rasyonalite odaklı pratik ve söylemler açısından pek çok kez referans verilen bir kenttir. Bu çalışma, önemli siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel kırılmaların birinci elden hissedildiği Berlin kentinin, Aydınlanma ve pozitivist bakış açısının eylem planı olan modernite düşüncesinin arka planında önemli yer tutan rasyonalite olgusunu, ‘tutarlılık’ ve ‘dil’ kavramıyla ilişkilendirerek, yarışma projeleri aracılığıyla nasıl hayata geçirildiği ve tüm bu kültürel, düşünsel süreçlerin arkasında ortak aklın ne derece olduğu konusunu irdeler. Bu bağlamda çalışma, “Yarışmalar, Berlin kent dönüşümünde bir rasyonelleşme aracı olarak kullanılır ve bu kapsamda Berlin tutarlılık iddiasını doğrular” savı üzerine kurgulanmıştır. Rasyonalite olgusunun modernite düşüncesinin temel değerlerinden biri olduğu kabulünden yola çıkılarak, ‘dil’ kavramı ve dilin içerisindeki tutarlılıklara dayalı kuramsal çerçeve ve bu çerçeveden türeyen dilbilimsel metodoloji doğrultusunda Berlin, gerek kentin biçimini koşullandıran metinler, gerekse bu metinler ışığında belirlenen yarışma projeleriyle somutlaştırılan kentsel-mimari doku açısından önce ayrı ayrı, sonra ise karşılaştırmalı bir analize tabi tutulmuş ve sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Berlin kentinin 20.yy ortalarından itibaren gözlenebilen dönüşümü ve modernitenin kentin fiziksel biçimlenişine yansıyan içsel tutarlılık - tutarsızlıklarını göz önüne sermek amacıyla Berlin kentinin dönüşümü; Berlin Duvarı inşası öncesi, sırası ve sonrasını kapsayan 1945-1961, 1961-1989 ve 1989-2014 olmak üzere üç farklı zaman kesitinde kategorize edilerek, kartografik çalışmalar üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.

Keywords

Mimari ve Kentsel Yarışmalar, Modernite, Rasyonalite, Tutarlılık, Berlin

THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS IN ACHIEVING URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN BERLIN

Abstract

Berlin is a city that takes as an important place as well as being a model with its competition mechanism due to having a traditionalized form in terms of architectural and urban competition. It has also been often referred among rationality-based practices and discourses regarding ‘modern’ cities that take places in the geography where modernity was born. This study addresses that how the city of Berlin, where important political, economic and cultural breaking points are experienced at first hand, puts into practice the notion of rationality, which plays important role in the background of notion of modernity that can also be considered as an action plan of enlightenment and positivist perspective, by associating with the concept of ‘consistency’ and ‘language’ via architectural competitions and to what extent a common wisdom is decisive in cultural and intellectual processes in Berlin. In this context, study is based on the argument that “Competitions are used as an instrument for ‘Urban Rationalization’ in the context of the discourse of ‘consistency’ in modernity. Firstly, Berlin has been analyzed both in respect to the texts that condition the city form and from the point of view of embodied urban-architectural pattern through competition projects that is determined in the light of the competition texts. With the assumption that the concept of rationality is a fundamental value of modernity, the concept of language and the theoretical framework based on the consistency in language and in accordance with linguistics methodology which is derived from this framework. Secondly, comparative analyses are evaluated. With the aim at introducing of the transformation of the city from 20th century onward and reflecting the idea of modernity on both consistency and inconsistency concept to the city form, assessments of entries in architectural competitions held between 1945- 2014 during 3 sub-periods (1945-1961,1961-1989,1989-2014) defined by critical political, economic, cultural inflection points are made using cartographical method of urban analysis.

Keywords

Berlin, Architectural and Urban Competitions, Modernity, Rationality, Consistency

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