Hukou System Reform and Challenges

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 38 - 54, 19.02.2020

Emre Şamlı

Abstract

Whichever profession a citizen occupies, s/he is supposed to live in a place where s/he is born. This is called Hukou System and it was issued around 1950s in order to control the migration. Although main aim of the system which has been reformed several times is to prevent the rural depopulation, diverse expectations and demands ensure to take form the system. Even though the residence permit system does not allow cities to be in anarchy, it creates many problems such as home-staying children, economic underdevelopment, inequality, and lack of urbanization. For the problems, the government of China decided to make some changes on the system in 2013. This paper will analyze and describe the system and then try to show the main challenges of the intended reform.

Keywords

Hukou System, residence permit, home-staying children, inequality, (non)urbanization

Hukou Sistemi Reform ve Zorlukları

Abstract

Hangi mesleği icra ettiğine bakılmaksızın vatandaşının doğduğu yerde yaşamasını öngören Hukou Sistemi, 1950’li yıllarda göçün önüne geçmek üzere yürürlüğe girmiştir. Yürürlüğe girdiği tarihten günümüze kadar çeşitli reformlara uğrayan söz konusu sistemin ana teması kırsal nüfussuzlaşmanın engellenmesi ise de değişen beklentiler ve talepler sistemin şekillenmesine yardımcı olmuştur. Her ne kadar söz konusu sistem şehirlerin anarşi içinde kalmasını ve adeta düzensiz bir düzende kalmasını engelliyor olsa da, evde kalan çocuklar, ekonomik az gelişmişlik, eşitsizlik ve şehirleşememe gibi sorunlar yaratmaktadır. Bu problemlerden ötürü Çin Hükümeti 2013 yılında aldığı bir kararla bu sistemde bazı değişiklikler yapmayı kararlaştırmıştır. Hem söz konusu değişikliklerin ne anlama geldiğini kavrayabilmek hem de sistemi daha yakından tanımak adına bu makalede sistem analiz edilerek tanımlanacak ve devamında da öngörülen reformların önündeki engeller açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.

Keywords

Hukou Sistemi, ikamet izni, evde kalan çocuklar, eşitsizlik, şehirleş(eme)me

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