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Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 79, 31 - 37

Abstract

Sustainability has become an important issue in every sector today. Effective use of resources is an issue that needs to be emphasized at the global level. Since denim washing processes consume a lot of water, energy, chemicals and time, sustainable processes in this area have gained importance. Various denim washing processes developed in terms of effective use of resources for sustainable methods are applied. Practices may be aimed at reducing water consumption, or may be related to more sustainable chemical consumption. In addition, situations where the process is shortened, waste is reduced or water free processes can come to the fore can also contribute to sustainability. The effects of sustainable processes on fabric properties should also be considered. In this study, denim fabrics with fashionable fading and bleaching effects by different methods were used. Abrasion resistance and bending rigidity properties of denim fabrics with effects obtained by conventional and sustainable methods were investigated comparatively. The results obtained show that among the sustainable processes in the study, there are preferable processes in terms of bending rigidty and abrasion resistance properties.

Thanks

The author thanks to Dr. Ümit CIKCIK, Ahmet Bülbül and ARM Tekstil Boya Kimya San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. for supplying denim fabrics.

References

  • [1] Campaign, C. C. 2011). Fashion Victims-A Report on Sandblasted Denim.
  • [2] Khoa, T. H. D., Hien, N. T. T., Trung, B. Q., Thach, D. S., & Van Tuong, N. 2021. Application of CO2 laser technology in creating whisker and handsand effects on denim wash. Journal of Science Technology and Food, Vol.21(2), p.62–72.
  • [3] Periyasamy, A. P., & Militky, J. 2017. Denim processing and health hazards. In Muthu, S. S. (Ed.), Sustainability in denim (1st ed., pp. 161–196). Elsevier. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00007-1.
  • [4] Periyasamy, A. P., & Periyasami, S. 2023. Critical Review on Sustainability in Denim: A Step toward Sustainable Production and Consumption of Denim. ACS Omega, Vol.8(5), p.4472-4490. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c06374.
  • [5] Doshi, R., & Shelke, V. 2001. Enzymes in textile industry-An environment-friendly approach. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 26, p.202-205.
  • [6] Körlü, A. E., Yapar, S., Perinçek, S., Yılmaz, H., & Bağıran, C. 2015. Dye removal from textile waste water through the adsorption by pumice used in stone washing. Autex Research Journal, Vol.15(3), 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0012.
  • [7] Shibly, M. A. H., Hoque, M. M., & Miah, S. 2021. Development of eco-friendly denim fabric washing by natural resources. International Journal of Textile Science, Vol.10(1), p.1-6. DOI: 10.5923/j.textile.20211001.01.
  • [8] Sağırkaya, F. S. 2021. Denim’de sürdürülebilir uygulamalar [Sustainable practises in denim]. [Master dissertation, Pamukkale University].
  • [9] Arjun, D., Hiranmayee, J., & Farheen, M. N. 2013. Technology of industrial denim washing: Review. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Technology, Vol.3(4), p.25–34.
  • [10] Köksal, F. 2015. Denim yıkamada renk varyasyonlarının nedenlerinin incelenmesi [The investigation of the causes of color variations in denim laundry (washing) processes]. [Master dissertation, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University].
  • [11] Tarhan, M. 2005. Eskitme yöntemlerinin denim mamullerin performans özelliklerine etkisi [Effect of worn out methods on denim products performance properties]. [Master dissertation, Dokuz Eylül University].
  • [12] Bechtold, T., Maier, P., & Schrott, W. 2005. Bleaching of indigo‐dyed denim fabric by electrochemical formation of hypohalogenites in situ. Coloration Technology, Vol.121(2), p.64–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00252.x.
  • [13] Du, W., Zuo, D., Gan, H., & Yi, C. 2019. Comparative study on the effects of laser bleaching and conventional bleaching on the physical properties of indigo kapok/cotton denim fabrics. Applied Sciences, Vol.9(21), p.4662. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214662.
  • [14] Siddique, A., Hussain, T., Ibrahim, W., Raza, Z. A., Abid, S., & Nazir, A. 2017. Response surface optimization in discharge printing of denim using potassium permanganate as oxidative agent. Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Vol.35(3), p.204–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X17701600.
  • [15] [Choudhury, A. K. R. 2017. Environmental impacts of denim washing. In Muthu, S. S. (ed.), Sustainability in Denim (1st ed., pp. 49–81). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00002-2.
  • [16] Rodríguez-Couto, S. 2012. Laccases for denim bleaching: an eco-friendly alternative. Sigma, 1, p.10–12.
  • [17] Ben Hmida, S., & Ladhari, N. 2016. Study of parameters affecting dry and wet ozone bleaching of denim fabric. Ozone: Science & Engineering, Vol.38(3),p.175–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2015.1113380.
  • [18] He, Z., Li, M., Zuo, D., & Yi, C. 2018. The effect of denim color fading ozonation on yarns. Ozone: Science & Engineering, Vol.40(5), p.377-384.
  • [19] Cheung, H. F., Kan, C. W., Yuen, C. W. M., Yip, J., & Law, M. C. (2013). Colour fading of textile fabric by plasma treatment. Journal of Textiles. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/214706.
  • [20] Samanta, K. K., Basak, S., & Chattopadhyay, S. K. 2017. Environmentally friendly denim processing using water-free technologies. In Muthu, S. S. (Ed.), Sustainability in denim (1st ed., pp. 319–348). Elsevier. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00012-5.
  • [21] Khalil, E. 2015. Sustainable and ecological finishing technology for denim jeans. AASCIT Communication, Vol.2(5), p.159-163.
  • [22] İvedi İ, Çay A. 2023. Use of Natural and Synthetic Materials in Denim Washing Process as an Alternative to Pumice Stone. Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon 33(1), 68-76.
  • [23] Alam, MR, Islam, T, Rahman, M, Antor, MAAN, Rahman, R, Tamanna, TA 2020. Sustainable denim fabric washing with post-used rubber shoe sole: An eco-friendly alternative of Pumice stone. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.13(48): p.4723-4731. https ://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i48.1974.
  • [24] Khan MKR, Jintun S. 2021. Sustainability Issues of Various Denim Washing Methods. Textile & Leather Review, Vol.4(2), p.96-110. htt ps://doi.org/10.31881/TLR.2021.01
  • [25] TS EN ISO 12947-3. Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 3: Determination of mass loss
  • [26] TS 1409. Stiffness determination of woven textiles.

Denimde Moda Efektler için Sürdürülebilir Yıkama Proseslerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 79, 31 - 37

Abstract

Sürdürülebilirlik konusu günümüzde her sektörde önemli bir hal almıştır. Kaynakların etkin kullanımı global düzeyde üzerinde durulması gereken bir konudur. Denim yıkama işlemleri de çok fazla su, enerji, kimyasal ve zaman tüketimine neden olan süreçler olduğu için, bu alanda da sürdürülebilir uygulamalar oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Sürdürülebilir yöntemler için, kaynakların etkin kullanımı açısından geliştirilen çeşitli denim yıkama işlemleri uygulanmaktadır. Uygulamalar, su tüketimini azaltmaya yönelik olabileceği gibi, daha sürdürülebilir kimyasal madde tüketimiyle de ilgili olabilir. Ayrıca, sürecin kısaltıldığı, atıkların azaltıldığı veya kuru işlemlerin ön plana çıkabileceği durumlar da sürdürülebilirliğe katkı sağlayabilir. Sürdürülebilir proseslerin kumaş özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri de dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, farklı yöntemlerle elde edilmiş olan ve denimde moda olan eskitme ve ağartma efektlerine sahip denim kumaşlar kullanılmıştır. Konvansiyonel yöntemlerle ve sürdürülebilir yöntemlerle elde edilmiş efektli denim kumaşların aşınma dayanımı ve eğilme rijitliği özellikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, çalışmadaki sürdürülebilir prosesler arasında eğilme rijitliği ve aşınma direnci özellikleri bakımından tercih edilebilir süreçlerin bulunduğunu göstermiştir.

Thanks

The author thanks to Dr. Ümit CIKCIK, Ahmet Bülbül and ARM Tekstil Boya Kimya San. ve Tic. Ltd. Şti. for supplying denim fabrics.

References

  • [1] Campaign, C. C. 2011). Fashion Victims-A Report on Sandblasted Denim.
  • [2] Khoa, T. H. D., Hien, N. T. T., Trung, B. Q., Thach, D. S., & Van Tuong, N. 2021. Application of CO2 laser technology in creating whisker and handsand effects on denim wash. Journal of Science Technology and Food, Vol.21(2), p.62–72.
  • [3] Periyasamy, A. P., & Militky, J. 2017. Denim processing and health hazards. In Muthu, S. S. (Ed.), Sustainability in denim (1st ed., pp. 161–196). Elsevier. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00007-1.
  • [4] Periyasamy, A. P., & Periyasami, S. 2023. Critical Review on Sustainability in Denim: A Step toward Sustainable Production and Consumption of Denim. ACS Omega, Vol.8(5), p.4472-4490. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c06374.
  • [5] Doshi, R., & Shelke, V. 2001. Enzymes in textile industry-An environment-friendly approach. Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 26, p.202-205.
  • [6] Körlü, A. E., Yapar, S., Perinçek, S., Yılmaz, H., & Bağıran, C. 2015. Dye removal from textile waste water through the adsorption by pumice used in stone washing. Autex Research Journal, Vol.15(3), 158-163. https://doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0012.
  • [7] Shibly, M. A. H., Hoque, M. M., & Miah, S. 2021. Development of eco-friendly denim fabric washing by natural resources. International Journal of Textile Science, Vol.10(1), p.1-6. DOI: 10.5923/j.textile.20211001.01.
  • [8] Sağırkaya, F. S. 2021. Denim’de sürdürülebilir uygulamalar [Sustainable practises in denim]. [Master dissertation, Pamukkale University].
  • [9] Arjun, D., Hiranmayee, J., & Farheen, M. N. 2013. Technology of industrial denim washing: Review. International Journal of Industrial Engineering & Technology, Vol.3(4), p.25–34.
  • [10] Köksal, F. 2015. Denim yıkamada renk varyasyonlarının nedenlerinin incelenmesi [The investigation of the causes of color variations in denim laundry (washing) processes]. [Master dissertation, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University].
  • [11] Tarhan, M. 2005. Eskitme yöntemlerinin denim mamullerin performans özelliklerine etkisi [Effect of worn out methods on denim products performance properties]. [Master dissertation, Dokuz Eylül University].
  • [12] Bechtold, T., Maier, P., & Schrott, W. 2005. Bleaching of indigo‐dyed denim fabric by electrochemical formation of hypohalogenites in situ. Coloration Technology, Vol.121(2), p.64–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.2005.tb00252.x.
  • [13] Du, W., Zuo, D., Gan, H., & Yi, C. 2019. Comparative study on the effects of laser bleaching and conventional bleaching on the physical properties of indigo kapok/cotton denim fabrics. Applied Sciences, Vol.9(21), p.4662. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214662.
  • [14] Siddique, A., Hussain, T., Ibrahim, W., Raza, Z. A., Abid, S., & Nazir, A. 2017. Response surface optimization in discharge printing of denim using potassium permanganate as oxidative agent. Clothing and Textile Research Journal, Vol.35(3), p.204–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X17701600.
  • [15] [Choudhury, A. K. R. 2017. Environmental impacts of denim washing. In Muthu, S. S. (ed.), Sustainability in Denim (1st ed., pp. 49–81). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00002-2.
  • [16] Rodríguez-Couto, S. 2012. Laccases for denim bleaching: an eco-friendly alternative. Sigma, 1, p.10–12.
  • [17] Ben Hmida, S., & Ladhari, N. 2016. Study of parameters affecting dry and wet ozone bleaching of denim fabric. Ozone: Science & Engineering, Vol.38(3),p.175–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2015.1113380.
  • [18] He, Z., Li, M., Zuo, D., & Yi, C. 2018. The effect of denim color fading ozonation on yarns. Ozone: Science & Engineering, Vol.40(5), p.377-384.
  • [19] Cheung, H. F., Kan, C. W., Yuen, C. W. M., Yip, J., & Law, M. C. (2013). Colour fading of textile fabric by plasma treatment. Journal of Textiles. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/214706.
  • [20] Samanta, K. K., Basak, S., & Chattopadhyay, S. K. 2017. Environmentally friendly denim processing using water-free technologies. In Muthu, S. S. (Ed.), Sustainability in denim (1st ed., pp. 319–348). Elsevier. http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102043-2.00012-5.
  • [21] Khalil, E. 2015. Sustainable and ecological finishing technology for denim jeans. AASCIT Communication, Vol.2(5), p.159-163.
  • [22] İvedi İ, Çay A. 2023. Use of Natural and Synthetic Materials in Denim Washing Process as an Alternative to Pumice Stone. Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon 33(1), 68-76.
  • [23] Alam, MR, Islam, T, Rahman, M, Antor, MAAN, Rahman, R, Tamanna, TA 2020. Sustainable denim fabric washing with post-used rubber shoe sole: An eco-friendly alternative of Pumice stone. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.13(48): p.4723-4731. https ://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v13i48.1974.
  • [24] Khan MKR, Jintun S. 2021. Sustainability Issues of Various Denim Washing Methods. Textile & Leather Review, Vol.4(2), p.96-110. htt ps://doi.org/10.31881/TLR.2021.01
  • [25] TS EN ISO 12947-3. Textiles - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 3: Determination of mass loss
  • [26] TS 1409. Stiffness determination of woven textiles.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Fabric Technologies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşe Şevkan Macit 0000-0002-0646-8582

Early Pub Date January 15, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date October 16, 2023
Acceptance Date March 26, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 79

Cite

APA Şevkan Macit, A. (2025). Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 27(79), 31-37.
AMA Şevkan Macit A. Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim. DEUFMD. January 2025;27(79):31-37.
Chicago Şevkan Macit, Ayşe. “Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 27, no. 79 (January 2025): 31-37.
EndNote Şevkan Macit A (January 1, 2025) Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 27 79 31–37.
IEEE A. Şevkan Macit, “Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim”, DEUFMD, vol. 27, no. 79, pp. 31–37, 2025.
ISNAD Şevkan Macit, Ayşe. “Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 27/79 (January 2025), 31-37.
JAMA Şevkan Macit A. Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim. DEUFMD. 2025;27:31–37.
MLA Şevkan Macit, Ayşe. “Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, vol. 27, no. 79, 2025, pp. 31-37.
Vancouver Şevkan Macit A. Evaluation of Sustainable Washing Processes for Fashionable Effects in Denim. DEUFMD. 2025;27(79):31-7.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığı Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi, Adatepe Mah. Doğuş Cad. No: 207-I / 35390 Buca-İZMİR.