Seismic Response of Saturated Soils in Gölbaşı District of Adıyaman Province to February 06, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 80, 160 - 169, 23.05.2025

Gürkan Özden , Büşra Kartal

https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2025278001

Abstract

On February 6, 2023, two major earthquakes with magnitudes Mw = 7.8 and Mw = 7.6 occurred along the Eastern Anatolian Fault at nine-hour intervals caused wide-spread damage in 11 provinces Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Malatya, Gaziantep, Elazığ, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Kilis and Adana. In this study, soil liquefaction, which was extensively observed in Gölbaşı District of Adıyaman Province, is examined specifically in the context of the 6 February Kahramanmaraş (Mw=7.8) Earthquake records. As a result of the observations made in the field immediately after the earthquake, eleven microtremor recordings and five boreholes were drilled, and soil samples were recovered. Laboratory tests were carried out on these samples to determine basic soil characteristics. In addition, data from a comprehensive ground survey conducted by Iller Bank in 2006 were evaluated. As a result of the analysis of the data, one-dimensional dynamic soil behavior analyses were carried out on the established ground model considered to represent soil profiles with clayey sand layers. The non-linear behavior of the soil and the development of excess pore water pressure were taken into account. In the analyses using Pazarcık TK 4615 Station data, it was determined that the clayey sand layers liquefied, and this finding was compatible with the observations made in the field following the earthquake. Another result of the study was that due to the loss of stiffness and strength due to cyclic shear stresses and induced excess pore water pressure, attenuation instead of amplification occurred in the soil profile, which in turn increased the deformations.

Keywords

Liquefaction, Gölbaşı, Clayey sand, Non-linear soil response, Excess pore water pressure development, 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

Adıyaman Ili Gölbaşı Ilçesindeki Suya Doygun Zeminlerin 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremine Sismik Tepkisi

Abstract

6 Şubat 2023'te Doğu Anadolu Fayı boyunca dokuz saat arayla Mw=7.8 ve Mw=7.6 büyüklüğünde meydana gelen iki büyük deprem Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Malatya, Gaziantep, Elazığ, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Kilis ve Adana olmak üzere 11 ilde geniş çaplı hasara yol açtı. Bu çalışmada Adıyaman İli Gölbaşı İlçesi'nde yoğun olarak gözlemlenen zemin sıvılaşması 6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş Deprem (Mw=7.8) kayıtları özelinde incelenmiştir. Depremin hemen ardından arazide yapılan gözlemler sonucunda 11 mikrotremor kaydı ve 5 sondaj kuyusu açılarak zemin örnekleri alınmıştır. Temel zemin özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla bu numuneler üzerinde laboratuvar deneyleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca İller Bankası'nın 2006 yılında gerçekleştirdiği kapsamlı zemin araştırmasının verileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sonucunda killi kum tabakalarına sahip zemin profillerini temsil ettiği düşünülen bir zemin modeli kurulmuş ve bunun üzerinde tek boyutlu dinamik zemin davranış analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zeminin doğrusal olmayan davranışı ve aşırı boşluk suyu basıncının gelişimi analizlerde dikkate alınmıştır. Pazarcık TK 4615 İstasyonu verileri kullanılarak yapılan analizlerde deprem sonrası sahada yapılan gözlemlerle uyumlu olarak killi kum tabakalarının sıvılaştığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bir diğer sonucu ise tekrarlı kayma gerilmeleri ve aşırı boşluk suyu basıncına bağlı olarak rijitlik ve dayanım kaybı nedeniyle zemin profilinde büyütme yerine azalma meydana gelmesi ve sonuç olarak deformasyonların artmasıdır.

Keywords

Sıvılaşma, Gölbaşı, Killi kum, Doğrusal olmayan zemin tepkisi, Aşırı boşluk suyu basıncı gelişimi, 06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremi

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