URBAN SPRAWL IN NİZİP CITY: ASSESSING WITH REMOTELY SENSED AND POPULATION DATA

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 4, 1547 - 1565, 31.12.2020

Fatih Sunbul

https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.807793

Öz

Based on Remote Sensing image processing and Geographic Information Systems analysis, population-dependent urban structures can be accurately monitored, analysed, and potential spatial or environmental problems restrained by professional land use management. In this study, the city of Nizip, located within the province of Gaziantep, was evaluated in this perspective and its development in the last thirty years was determined. The satellite images of 1990 and 2019 were evaluated within the framework of CORINE land classification system. The controlled classification method was implemented in the analysis and the city's growth rate and direction were determined while land cover changes were investigated both statistically and spatially. According to the analysis, residential areas in the study area, which were 555 ha in 1990, exceeded 1000 ha in 2019, due to industrialization and population growth. Urban sprawl was observed in NE and E directions. In addition, the bare lands of the city have been converted to dry agricultural lands in the last three decades which is supposedly due to long term climate effects. Along with the increasing industrialization movement in this period, the population increased by 30% on average in the central neighbourhoods. Migration from evacuated villages to the city centre following dam construction and water impoundment phases has increased the population. Rapid urbanization is also observed alongside newly built highways and motorways. Regarding increasing population movements in recent years, it is predicted that there could be spatial and environmental problems due to rapid and unplanned urbanization in Nizip city. It is stated that the elimination of these problems can be carried out through accurate and planned land use decision support systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems, Land use/Land cover change, Population growth, Nizip City

NİZİP ŞEHRİNDE SAÇAKLANMA: UZAKTAN ALGILAMA VE NÜFUS VERİSİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Öz

Uzaktan Algılama (UA) görüntü işleme ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) analiz yöntemleri ile nüfusa bağlı değişen şehir yapılanmaları doğru bir şekilde izlenebilmekte, analiz edilebilmekte ve olası mekânsal veya çevresel sorunlar profesyonel arazi kullanımı yönetimi ile kontrol altında tutulabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Gaziantep il sınırı içerisinde yer alan Nizip şehri, bu perspektifte değerlendirilerek, son otuz yıl içerisindeki gelişimi Uzaktan Algılama yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. 1990 ve 2019 yıllarına ait uydu görüntüleri CORINE arazi sınıflandırma çerçevesinde değerlendirilerek, kontrollü sınıflandırma yöntemi uygulanarak, şehrin büyüme oranı ve yönü belirlenmiş, arazi örtüsü değişimleri istatistiksel ve mekânsal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre endüstrileşme ve nüfus artışına bağlı olarak 1990 yılında 555 ha olan yerleşim alanları 2019 yılına gelindiğinde 1000 ha alanı geçmiştir. Şehirleşme KD ve D yönünde gerçeklemiştir. Ayrıca çalışma alanında var olan çıplak alanların uzun süreli iklimsel etkilerle kuru tarım arazilerine dönüştürüldüğü düşünülmektedir. Bu dönemde artan endüstrileşme hamleleri ile birlikte, nüfus merkez mahallelerde ortalama %30 oranında yükselmiştir. Şehrin doğusunda yer alan baraj inşaatı ile birlikte, kamusallaştırılan ve boşaltılan köylerden şehir merkezine doğru göç artmıştır. Şehirleşme ayrıca yeni açılan otoyol ve duble yollar çevresinde de hızla arttığı görülmektedir. Son yıllarda artan bu nüfus hareketlerine bağlı olarak Nizip şehrinde, hızlı ve plansız şehirleşme kaynaklı mekânsal ve çevresel sorunlar oluşabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu sorunların kaldırılması doğru ve planlı arazi kullanım karar destek sistemleri ile olabileceği ifade edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzaktan Algılama, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri, Arazi kullanımı/ Arazi değişimi, Nüfus artışı, Nizip şehri

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