Determination of cellular differences of CD133+/CD44+ prostate cancer stem cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional media by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy

Year 2019, Volume: 33 Issue: 1, 45 - 56, 26.04.2019

Günnur Güler , Eda Açıkgöz Gülperi Öktem

https://doi.org/10.5505/deutfd.2019.44227

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Spheroid cultures reflect properties of tumor tissue better than monolayer cultures in terms of internal dynamics and interaction with other cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the similarities and differences in CD133+/CD44+ prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) produced in three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) culture media.
METHODS: CSCs with CD133+/CD44+ surface marker properties in the DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines were isolated using flow cytometry (FACS). Spheroid structures were formed with agar-coated culture vessels. CSCs in 2D and 3D cultures were compared with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
RESULTS: CD133+/CD44+ cells were observed to form micro-aggregates in cultured media in the first week. In the second week, mature spheroid structures were formed. FTIR analysis revealed that the 2D and 3D (multicellular tumor spheroids) models of CSCs exhibit significant differences in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Significant differences were detected in membrane lipid acyl chain length, membrane thickness, protein secondary structures and DNA oligonucleotides. The results showed that spheroids in 3D culture medium exhibit similar properties to in vivo tumor tissue.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Physical, chemical and biological properties generated by environmental conditions significantly affect internal dynamics of cells and their interactions within the microenvironment. Reducing the cells in one dimension through the 2D culture medium does not reflect actual properties of cells. Therefore, cell dynamics in 3D culture media should be investigated. This study demonstrates that cellular lipids, membrane structure, protein secondary structures and nucleic acids of CSCs constituting an important cell population in cancer may be therapeutic targets.

Keywords

Cancer stem cell, Prostate cancer, FTIR spectroscopy, Multicellular tumor spheroids, 3D cells, 2D cells

Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi spektroskopisi ile CD133+/CD44+ prostat kanser kök hücrelerinin iki boyutlu ve üç boyutlu ortamdaki hücresel farklılıklarının belirlemesi

Abstract

GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Sferoid kültürleri, hücrelerin kendi iç dinamikleri ve diğer hücrelerle olan etkileşimleri açısından tek tabakalı kültürlere kıyasla tümör dokusunun özelliklerini daha iyi yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç boyutlu (3D) ve iki boyutlu (2D) kültür ortamlarında üretilen CD133+/CD44+ prostat kanser kök hücrelerinin (KKH) makromoleküllerindeki benzerlik ve farklılıklarının araştırılmasıdır.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: DU-145 prostat kanser hücre hattı içerisindeki CD133+/CD44+ yüzey belirteç özelliklerine sahip KKH’leri akış sitometrisi (FACS) kullanılarak izole edilmiştir. Agarla kaplı kültür kapları ile sferoid yapıları oluşturulmuştur. 2D ve 3D kültür ortamlarındaki KHK hücreleri Fourier dönüşümü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. 
BULGULAR: CD133+/CD44+ hücrelerin birinci haftada agarlı kültür ortamlarında mikro-agregatlar oluşturduğu gözlenmiştir. İkinci haftada ise, olgun sferoid yapıların oluştuğu saptanmıştır. 2D ve 3D (multisellüler tümör sferoidleri) kültür ortamlarında üretilen hücreler ile yapılan FTIR analizleri KHK hücre yapısındaki proteinler, lipitler, karbonhidratlar ve nükleik asitlerde (DNA, RNA) önemli derecede farklanmalar olduğunu göstermiştir. Membran lipit açil zincir uzunluğu ve hücre zarı kalınlığı, proteinlerin sekonder yapıları ve DNA oligonükleotitlerin baz sekanslarında veya fonksiyonel gruplarında önemli farklanmaların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, 3D kültür ortamında üretilen sfreoid yapılarının in vivo tümör dokusu ile benzer özellikler sergilediğini göstermiştir.
TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Hücre ortam koşulları ile yaratılmış olan fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikler hücrelerin kendi iç dinamiğini ve mikroçevresi içerisindeki etkileşimlerini önemli derecede etkilemektedir. 2D kültür ortamları ile hücreleri tek boyutta indirgemek hücrelerin gerçek özelliklerini yansıtmamaktadır. Bu nedenle, 3D kültür ortamları ile hücre dinamiklerinin incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, kanserde önemli bir hücre popülasyonunu oluşturan KKH’lerin membran yapısı, lipitler, proteinlerin sekonder yapıları ve DNA oligonükleotit yapılarının terapötik hedef olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Kanser kök hücresi, Prostat kanseri, FTIR spektroskopisi, Multiselüler tümör sferoidleri, 3D hücreler, 2D hücreler

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