Evaluation of the effect of orthognathic surgery on alveolar bone level: a cone-beam computed tomography study

Year 2024, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 29 - 37, 28.06.2024

Mehmet Doğru , Mete Çitaker

Abstract

Aims: Three-dimensional examination of preoperative and postoperative changes in alveolar bone levels with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in cases with skeletal class II and III anomalies treated with different surgical methods, supported by cephalometric images.
Methods: A total of 32 patients, 18 girls and 14 boys, who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics for orthognathic surgery-supported orthodontic treatment and were treated with orthognathic surgery after initial orthodontic treatment was started, preoperatively in Dicle University Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department. It was created by retrospectively examining CBCT images taken before and after. To examine changes in alveolar bone level, 28 measurements were made using alveolar bone levels and reference points determined on teeth.
Results: When the preoperative and postoperative groups were compared, a significant difference was found in the upper anterior bone level, upper palatinal bone thickness, lower anterior bone level, upper trifurcation buccal, upper distobuccal root middle buccal, lower bifurcation buccal, lower distal root middle buccal values at the p<0.05 level. A statistically significant difference was observed in the enamel cement joint width value in the comparison between the sexes. When the correlation between class II and class III anomalies was examined, it was observed that lower anterior bone thickness, lower anterior bone level/root and lower lingual bone level/root values were statistically associated with more alveolar bone loss in class III patients.
Conclusion: Orthognathic surgery causes alveolar bone loss in the patient. In order to minimize the side effects of the operation on the patient’s periodontal tissues, oral hygiene, applied forces, fixation between the jaws and methods should be carefully evaluated.

Keywords

Alveolar bone loss, cephalometry, orthognathic surgery, cone-beam computed tomography

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