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Trade, Manufacturing And Export In Dıyarbakır According to the Observations Of 19th Century Western Travelers And Diplomats

Year 2024, Issue: 37, 287 - 308, 25.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.15182/diclesosbed.1498092

Abstract

In the 19th century, Diarbakır, like all other Mesopotamian cities, hosted many foreign travelers and statesmen. Factors such as being a critical provincial center on the eastern border line of the Ottoman Empire, having a unique architecture and settlement pattern, hosting a wide variety of religious and ethnic population and being one of the main routes of the roads leading to the east caused many Western explorers and travelers to direct their attention to Diyarbakır in this century. The travelers, who subjected the city to a multifaceted analysis, provided information on the city's commercial, industrial and agricultural potential, economic labor force, production and export dynamics in this century, among many other details. This article aims to create a general framework about the economic activities of Diyarbakır in the mentioned century by bringing together information on manufacturing, trade and exports in the travel notes of foreign diplomats passing through Diyarbakır, as well as Western travelers who visited the city in the 19th century.

References

  • A handbook of mesopotamia: prepared on behalf of the admiralty and the war office: C. I. (1916). The Division.
  • Ainsworth, W. F. (1842). Travels and researches in asia minor, mesopotamia, chaldea and armenia. John W. Parker.
  • Ainsworth, W. F. (1868). Report of a journey from bagdad to constantinople via kurdistan (1837). Içinde F. R. Chesney, Narrative of the euphrates expedition 1835, 1836 and 1837 (ss. 492-541). Longmans, Green, and co.
  • Ammianus Marcellinus. (2020). Roma tarihi (Çev. S. Özgüler,). Historia Kitap.
  • Badger, G. P. (1852). The nestorians and their rituals with the narrative of a mission to mesopotamia and coordistan in 1842-44. London: Joseph Masters.
  • Barkley, H. C. (1891). A ride through asia minor and armenia: giving a sketch of the characters, manners, and customs of both the mussulman and christian ınhabitants. Murray.
  • Bell, G. (1909, Haziran 1). Https://gertrudebell.ncl.ac.uk.
  • Bozan, O. (2014). 1895 Di̇yarbakır yangını ve sonuçları. Dicle üniversitesi ilahiyat fakültesi dergisi, XVI(2), 327-360.
  • Brant, J. (1836). Journey through a part of armenia and asia minor in the year 1835. The journal of the royal geographical society of london, 6, 187-223.
  • Buckingham, J. S. (1827). Travels in mesopotamia. H. Colburn.
  • Chesneau, J. (2012). D’Aramon seyahatnamesi kanuni devrinde istanbul-anadolu mezopotamya (Çev. I. Erverdi,). Dergah Yayınları.
  • Chesney, F. R. (1868). Narrative of the euphrates expedition carried on by order of the british government during the years 1835,1836 and 1837. Longmans, Green, and co.
  • Chesney, L.-C. (1850). The expedition for the survey of the rivers euphrates and tigris: C. I. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.
  • Cuinet, V. (1891). La turquie d’asie: géographie administrative, statistique, descriptive et raisonnée de chaque province de l’asie-mineure: C. II. E. Leroux.
  • Cutts, E. L. (1877). Christians under the crescent in asia. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
  • Dinç, F. (2021). Osmanlı diyarbakır’ında kelekçilerin örgütlenme yapısı ve ilişki ağları. Belleten, 85(302), 95-131.
  • Dupré, A. (1819). Voyage en perse: fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la natolie et la mésopotamie. J.G. Dentu.
  • Evliyâ Çelebi. (2010). Günümüz türkçesiyle evliyâ çelebi seyahatnâmesi: C. IV/I (S. A. Kahraman, Ed.). YKY Yayınevi.
  • Fletcher. (1850). Notes from nineveh: and travels in mesopotamia, assyria and syria. Lea & Blanchard.
  • Fraser, J. B. (1842). Mesopotamia and assyria, from the earliest ages to the present time with illustration of their natural history. Oliver and Boyd.
  • Gabriel, A. (1940). Voyages archéologiques dans la turquie orientale. E. de Boccard.
  • Garden, R. J. (1867). Description of diarbekr. The journal of the royal geographical society of london, 37, 182-193.
  • Geary, G. (1878). Through asiatic turkey: narrative of a journey from bombay to the bosphorus. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington.
  • Gouz, F. de L. B.-L. (1657). Les voyages et observations du sieur de la boullaye. Nicolas Oudot.
  • Göyünç, N. (1994). Di̇yarbakir. İçinde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (C. 9, ss. 464-469). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
  • Grant, A. (1841). The nestorians: or the lost tribes: containing evidence of their ıdentity; an account of their manners, customs, and ceremonies; together with sketches of travel in ancient assyria, armenia, media, and mesopotamia; and ıllustrations of scripture prophecy. J. Murray.
  • Hamd-allah Mustawfi. (1919). The geographical part of the nuzhat-al-qulub. E. J. Brill.
  • Hepworth, G. H. (George H. (1898). Through armenia on horseback. E. P. Dutton.
  • Heude, W. (1819). A voyage up the persian gulf, and a journey overland from ındia to england in 1817. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
  • Hormuzd, R. (1897). Asshur and the land of nimrod. Eston & Mains.
  • İbn Havkal. (2010). 10. asırda islam coğrafyası. Yeditepe Yayınevi.
  • İbn Hurdazbih. (2008). Yollar ve ülkeler kitabı (Çev. M. Ağarı,). Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Kâtip Çelebi. (2010). Cihannüma. İBB Kültür Yayınları.
  • Kinneir, J. M. (1818). Journey through asia minor, armenia, and koordistan, in the years 1813 and 1814. John Murray.
  • Long, G. (1856). Dictionary of greek and roman geography: C. I (W. Smith, Ed.). Walton and Maberly.
  • Lynch, H. F. B. (1901). Armenia, travels and studies. Longmans, Green, and co.
  • Moltke, H. von. (1960). Türkiye’deki durum ve olaylar üzerine mektuplar (1835-1839) (Çev. H. Örs,). TTK Yayınevi.
  • Mukaddesi. (2015). İslam coğrafyası (ahsenü’t-tekasim) (Çev. Ahsen Batur,). Selenge.
  • Niebuhr, C. (1778). Reisebeschreibung nach arabien und andern umliegenden ländern: C. II. Möller.
  • Özkarslı, F. (2022). 19. yüzyılda ingiliz ve amerikalı seyyahların diyarbekir ızlenimleri. (YÖK Tez Merkezi, Doktora) Mardin Artuklu Üniveristesi.
  • Parry, O. H. (1895). Six months ın a syrian monastery. Horace Cox.
  • Petermann, J. H. (1865). Reisen im orient. Veit.
  • Pollington, V. (1840). Notes on a journey from erẓ-rúm, by músh, diyár-bekr, and bíreh-jik, to aleppo, in june, 1838. The journal of the royal geographical society of london, X, 445-454.
  • Polonyalı Simeon. (1964). Polonyalı simeon’un seyahatnâmesi 1608-1619 (Çev. H. Andreasyan,). İstanbul Universitesi.
  • Southgate, H. (1840). Narrative of a tour through armenia, kurdistan, persia and mesopotamia. Tilt and Bogue. Tavernier, J.-B. (2010).
  • Tavernier seyahatnamesi (Çev. T. Tunçdoğan,). Kitap Yayınevi.
  • Urquhart, D. (1833). Turkey and ıts resources. Saunders and Otley.
  • Ussher, J. (1865). A journey from london to persepolis: ıncluding wanderings in daghestan, georgia, armenia, kurdistan, mesopotamia, and persia. Hurst and Blackett.
  • Warkworth, Lord. (1898). Notes from a asiatic turkey. Edward Arnold.
  • Yâkut el-Hamevî. (1977). Mucemü’l buldan: C. I. Darü’s Sader.
  • Yeşilbaş, E. (2015). Diyarbakır’da osmanlı dönemi şehir-içi hanları üzerine değerlendirme. Belleten, 79(286), 877-900.
  • Yılmazçelik, İ. (1995). XIX. yüzyılın ilk yarısında diyarbakır (1790-1840). Türk Tarih Kurumu.

XIX. ASIR BATILI SEYYAH VE DİPLOMATLARIN GÖZÜYLE DİYARBAKIR’DA TİCARET, İMALAT VE İHRACAT

Year 2024, Issue: 37, 287 - 308, 25.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.15182/diclesosbed.1498092

Abstract

XIX. Asırda Diyarbakır, diğer bütün Mezopotamya kentleri gibi çok sayıda yabancı seyyah ve devlet adamını ağırlamıştır. Osmanlı’nın doğu sınır hattında kritik bir eyalet merkezi olması, kendine özgü bir mimari ve yerleşim düzenine sahip bulunması, çok çeşitli dini ve etnik nüfusu barındırması, doğuya açılan yolların ana duraklarından birini teşkil etmesi gibi etkenler bu asırda birçok Batılı kâşif ve gezginin dikkatini Diyarbakır’a yönlendirmesine sebep olmuştur. Şehri külli bir tahlile tabi tutan seyyahlar diğer birçok detayla birlikte kentin bu asırdaki ticari, sınai ve zirai potansiyeli, ekonomik işgücü, üretim ve ihracat dinamiği gibi hususlarda da bilgiler sunmuşlardır. Bu makale, 19. yüzyılda şehri ziyaret eden Batılı seyyahların ve yolu Diyarbakır'dan geçen yabancı diplomatların seyahat notlarında yer alan imalat, ticaret ve ihracata dair bilgileri bir araya getirerek Diyarbakır'ın söz konusu yüzyıldaki ekonomik faaliyetleri hakkında genel bir çerçeve oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır

References

  • A handbook of mesopotamia: prepared on behalf of the admiralty and the war office: C. I. (1916). The Division.
  • Ainsworth, W. F. (1842). Travels and researches in asia minor, mesopotamia, chaldea and armenia. John W. Parker.
  • Ainsworth, W. F. (1868). Report of a journey from bagdad to constantinople via kurdistan (1837). Içinde F. R. Chesney, Narrative of the euphrates expedition 1835, 1836 and 1837 (ss. 492-541). Longmans, Green, and co.
  • Ammianus Marcellinus. (2020). Roma tarihi (Çev. S. Özgüler,). Historia Kitap.
  • Badger, G. P. (1852). The nestorians and their rituals with the narrative of a mission to mesopotamia and coordistan in 1842-44. London: Joseph Masters.
  • Barkley, H. C. (1891). A ride through asia minor and armenia: giving a sketch of the characters, manners, and customs of both the mussulman and christian ınhabitants. Murray.
  • Bell, G. (1909, Haziran 1). Https://gertrudebell.ncl.ac.uk.
  • Bozan, O. (2014). 1895 Di̇yarbakır yangını ve sonuçları. Dicle üniversitesi ilahiyat fakültesi dergisi, XVI(2), 327-360.
  • Brant, J. (1836). Journey through a part of armenia and asia minor in the year 1835. The journal of the royal geographical society of london, 6, 187-223.
  • Buckingham, J. S. (1827). Travels in mesopotamia. H. Colburn.
  • Chesneau, J. (2012). D’Aramon seyahatnamesi kanuni devrinde istanbul-anadolu mezopotamya (Çev. I. Erverdi,). Dergah Yayınları.
  • Chesney, F. R. (1868). Narrative of the euphrates expedition carried on by order of the british government during the years 1835,1836 and 1837. Longmans, Green, and co.
  • Chesney, L.-C. (1850). The expedition for the survey of the rivers euphrates and tigris: C. I. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans.
  • Cuinet, V. (1891). La turquie d’asie: géographie administrative, statistique, descriptive et raisonnée de chaque province de l’asie-mineure: C. II. E. Leroux.
  • Cutts, E. L. (1877). Christians under the crescent in asia. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
  • Dinç, F. (2021). Osmanlı diyarbakır’ında kelekçilerin örgütlenme yapısı ve ilişki ağları. Belleten, 85(302), 95-131.
  • Dupré, A. (1819). Voyage en perse: fait dans les années 1807, 1808 et 1809, en traversant la natolie et la mésopotamie. J.G. Dentu.
  • Evliyâ Çelebi. (2010). Günümüz türkçesiyle evliyâ çelebi seyahatnâmesi: C. IV/I (S. A. Kahraman, Ed.). YKY Yayınevi.
  • Fletcher. (1850). Notes from nineveh: and travels in mesopotamia, assyria and syria. Lea & Blanchard.
  • Fraser, J. B. (1842). Mesopotamia and assyria, from the earliest ages to the present time with illustration of their natural history. Oliver and Boyd.
  • Gabriel, A. (1940). Voyages archéologiques dans la turquie orientale. E. de Boccard.
  • Garden, R. J. (1867). Description of diarbekr. The journal of the royal geographical society of london, 37, 182-193.
  • Geary, G. (1878). Through asiatic turkey: narrative of a journey from bombay to the bosphorus. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington.
  • Gouz, F. de L. B.-L. (1657). Les voyages et observations du sieur de la boullaye. Nicolas Oudot.
  • Göyünç, N. (1994). Di̇yarbakir. İçinde TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (C. 9, ss. 464-469). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı.
  • Grant, A. (1841). The nestorians: or the lost tribes: containing evidence of their ıdentity; an account of their manners, customs, and ceremonies; together with sketches of travel in ancient assyria, armenia, media, and mesopotamia; and ıllustrations of scripture prophecy. J. Murray.
  • Hamd-allah Mustawfi. (1919). The geographical part of the nuzhat-al-qulub. E. J. Brill.
  • Hepworth, G. H. (George H. (1898). Through armenia on horseback. E. P. Dutton.
  • Heude, W. (1819). A voyage up the persian gulf, and a journey overland from ındia to england in 1817. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown.
  • Hormuzd, R. (1897). Asshur and the land of nimrod. Eston & Mains.
  • İbn Havkal. (2010). 10. asırda islam coğrafyası. Yeditepe Yayınevi.
  • İbn Hurdazbih. (2008). Yollar ve ülkeler kitabı (Çev. M. Ağarı,). Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Kâtip Çelebi. (2010). Cihannüma. İBB Kültür Yayınları.
  • Kinneir, J. M. (1818). Journey through asia minor, armenia, and koordistan, in the years 1813 and 1814. John Murray.
  • Long, G. (1856). Dictionary of greek and roman geography: C. I (W. Smith, Ed.). Walton and Maberly.
  • Lynch, H. F. B. (1901). Armenia, travels and studies. Longmans, Green, and co.
  • Moltke, H. von. (1960). Türkiye’deki durum ve olaylar üzerine mektuplar (1835-1839) (Çev. H. Örs,). TTK Yayınevi.
  • Mukaddesi. (2015). İslam coğrafyası (ahsenü’t-tekasim) (Çev. Ahsen Batur,). Selenge.
  • Niebuhr, C. (1778). Reisebeschreibung nach arabien und andern umliegenden ländern: C. II. Möller.
  • Özkarslı, F. (2022). 19. yüzyılda ingiliz ve amerikalı seyyahların diyarbekir ızlenimleri. (YÖK Tez Merkezi, Doktora) Mardin Artuklu Üniveristesi.
  • Parry, O. H. (1895). Six months ın a syrian monastery. Horace Cox.
  • Petermann, J. H. (1865). Reisen im orient. Veit.
  • Pollington, V. (1840). Notes on a journey from erẓ-rúm, by músh, diyár-bekr, and bíreh-jik, to aleppo, in june, 1838. The journal of the royal geographical society of london, X, 445-454.
  • Polonyalı Simeon. (1964). Polonyalı simeon’un seyahatnâmesi 1608-1619 (Çev. H. Andreasyan,). İstanbul Universitesi.
  • Southgate, H. (1840). Narrative of a tour through armenia, kurdistan, persia and mesopotamia. Tilt and Bogue. Tavernier, J.-B. (2010).
  • Tavernier seyahatnamesi (Çev. T. Tunçdoğan,). Kitap Yayınevi.
  • Urquhart, D. (1833). Turkey and ıts resources. Saunders and Otley.
  • Ussher, J. (1865). A journey from london to persepolis: ıncluding wanderings in daghestan, georgia, armenia, kurdistan, mesopotamia, and persia. Hurst and Blackett.
  • Warkworth, Lord. (1898). Notes from a asiatic turkey. Edward Arnold.
  • Yâkut el-Hamevî. (1977). Mucemü’l buldan: C. I. Darü’s Sader.
  • Yeşilbaş, E. (2015). Diyarbakır’da osmanlı dönemi şehir-içi hanları üzerine değerlendirme. Belleten, 79(286), 877-900.
  • Yılmazçelik, İ. (1995). XIX. yüzyılın ilk yarısında diyarbakır (1790-1840). Türk Tarih Kurumu.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Medieval Cities, Late Modern Asian History
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahmet Selçukoğlu 0000-0002-0092-5447

Early Pub Date October 17, 2024
Publication Date October 25, 2024
Submission Date June 8, 2024
Acceptance Date October 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 37

Cite

APA Selçukoğlu, A. (2024). XIX. ASIR BATILI SEYYAH VE DİPLOMATLARIN GÖZÜYLE DİYARBAKIR’DA TİCARET, İMALAT VE İHRACAT. Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(37), 287-308. https://doi.org/10.15182/diclesosbed.1498092

Dicle University
Journal of Social Sciences Institute (DUSBED)