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The perinatal loss and parental reflection

Year 2010, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 429 - 433, 01.12.2010

Öznur Körükcü Kamile Kukulu

Abstract

In this review, the causes of prenatal losses, pregnancy termination and reflection of this situation for the parents were investigated. Despite great attention in improving perinatal care, perinatal loss (fetal loss and newborn death) continues to occur. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the perinatal period extends from the 20th gestational week through 1 month after birth. However, researchers who study perinatal loss use a broader definition that includes early (during the first 12 weeks following conception) as well as late fetal loss (>20 weeks\' gestation). Of all known pregnancies, an estimat­ed ratio of 12% to 20% ends in an early fetal loss. The most recent available data have revealed that the rates translate to about 1.03 million annual fetal losses and, for 2004, 18.602 newborn deaths. According to the results of 2008, infant mortality rate decreased very rapidly in Tur­key. Of the many parents who suffer a perinatal loss, at least 80% become pregnant again, an event that occurs within 18 months. Therefore, it is important for nurses and health care professionals to understand the impact of a perinatal loss on a subsequent pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to perform an investigation on parental, primarily maternal, responses to pregnancy subsequent to perinatal loss, and to describe nursing implications for parents during the subsequent pregnancy.

Keywords

Perinatal loss pregnancy depression nurs­ing care parents

References

  • Çiçek N, Akyürek C, Çelik Ç, Habreal A. Kadın Hastalıkları ve Do- ğum Bilgisi. 1.baskı. İstanbul:Güneş Kitabevi; 2006; 351-358.
  • Pakiş I, Koç S. Klinik Gelişim. Perinatal ve neonatal dönem be- bek ölümleri. Klinik Gelişim 2009; 60-63. Ulaşılabileceği adres: http://www.istabip.org.tr/media/upload/klinik_2009_22/09.pdf
  • Çoşar E, Soyuçen E. İntrauterin fetüs ölümü: Etiyolojisi ve önlen- mesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2006;12: 127-132.
  • Froen JF, Arnestad M, Frey K. Risk factors for sudden intrauterin unexplained death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:694-702.
  • Gold KJ. Navigating care after a baby dies: A systematic re- view of parent experiences with health providers. J Perinatol 2007;27:230-7.
  • Hunceld JA, Taselaar-Kloos AK, Agterberg G, Wladimiro JW, Passchier J. Trait anxiety, negative emotions, and the mother’s adaptation to an infant born subsequent to late pregnancy loss: A case controlled study. Prenat Diagn 1997;17:843-51.
  • Mathews TJ, MacDorman MF. Infant mortality statistics from the 2004 period linked birth/infant death data set. National Vital Sta- tistics Reports 2007;55:1-32.
  • Armstrong DS. Emotional distress and prenatal attachment in preg- nancy after perinatal loss. J Nurs Scholarsh 2002;34:393-405.
  • Cote-Arsenault D. The influence of perinatal loss on anxiety in multigravidas. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2003;32:623-9.
  • Franche RL, Mikail SF. The impact of perinatal loss on adjust- ment to subsequent pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 1999; 48:1613-23.
  • Armstrong DS. Impact of prior perinatal loss on subsequent preg- nancies. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2004;33:765-73.
  • Tsartsara E, Johnson MP. The impact of miscarriage on women’s pregnancy-speci¢c anxiety and feelings of Prenatal maternal-fe- tal attachment during the course of a subsequent pregnancy: An exploratory follow-up study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2006; 27:173-82.
  • Cote-Arsenault D. Threat appraisal, coping, and emotions across pregnancy subsequent to perinatal loss. Nurs Res 2007;56:108- 16.
  • Armstrong D, Hutti M. Pregnancy after perinatal loss: The rela- tionship between anxiety and prenatal attachment. J Obstet Gy- necol Neonatal Nurs 1998;27:183-9.
  • Hughes PM, Turton P, Evans CD. Stillbirth as a risk factor for de- pression and anxiety in the subsequent pregnancy: Cohort study. BMJ 1999;318:1721-4.
  • Franche RL. Psychologic and obstetric predictors of couples’ grief during pregnancy after a miscarriage or perinatal death. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:597-602.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Marshall R. One foot in- one foot out: Weather- ing the storm of pregnancy after perinatal loss. Res Nurs Health 2000;23:473-85.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Morrison-Beedy D. Women’s voices re£ecting changed expectations for pregnancy after perinatal loss. J Nurs Scholarsh 2001;33:293-304.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Bidlack D, Humm A. Women’s emotions and concerns during pregnancy following perinatal loss. Maternal Child Nurs 2001;26:128-34.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Donato KL, Earl SS. Watching and worry- ing: Early pregnancy after loss experiences. MCN: Am J Matern Child Nurs 2006;31:356-63.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Freije MM. Support groups helping women through pregnancies after loss. West J Nurs Res 2004;26:650-70.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Mahlangu N. Impact of perinatal loss on the subsequent pregnancy and self: Women’s experiences. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999;28:274-282.
  • Turton P, Hughes P, Evans CD, Fainman D. Incidence, correlates and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in the pregnancy after stillbirth. B J Psychiatry 2001;178:556-60.
  • Cordell AS, Thomas N. Perinatal loss: Intensity and duration of emotional recovery. Omega: J Death Dying 1997;35:297-308.
  • Janssen HJ, Cuisinier MC, Hoogduin KA, deGraauw KP. Con- trolled prospective study of the mental health of women follow- ing pregnancy loss. Obstet and Gynecol Survey 1996,51:512-4.
  • Swanson KM. Effects of caring, measurement, and time on mis- carriage impact and women’s well-being. Nurs Res 1999;48:288- 298.
  • deMontigny F, Beaudet L, Dumas L. A baby has died: The im- pact of perinatal loss on family social networks. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999;28:151-6.
  • Nansel TR, Doyle F, Frederick MM, Zhang J. Quality of life in women undergoing medical treatment for early pregnancy fail- ure. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005;34:473-81.
  • DiMarco M, Renker P, Medas J, Bertosa H, Goranitis JL. Ef- fects of an educational bereavement program on health care professionals’ perceptions of perinatal loss. J Contin Educ Nurs 2002;33:180-6.
  • Saflund K, Sjögren B, Wredling R. The role of caregivers after a stillbirth: Views and experiences of parents. Birth 2004;31:132- 137.
  • Trulsson O, Radestad I. The silent child: Mothers’ experiences before, during, and after stillbirth. Birth 2004;31:189-95.
  • Uren TH, Wastell CA. Attachment and meaning-making in peri- natal bereavement. Death Stud 2002;26:279-308.
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması, 2008. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Sağlık Bakanlığı Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planla- ması Genel Müdürlüğü, Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara, Türkiye; 2009. Ulaşılabile- ceği adres:http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2008/data/TN- SA-2008_ana_Rapor-tr.pdf.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Dombeck MB. Maternal assignment of fetal personhood to a previous pregnancy loss: Relationship to anxiety in the current pregnancy. Health Care Women Int 2001;22:649- 65.

Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması

Year 2010, Volume: 37 Issue: 4, 429 - 433, 01.12.2010

Öznur Körükcü Kamile Kukulu

Abstract

Bu derlemede perinatal dönemde yaşanan kaybın neden­leri, gebeliğin sonlandırılması ve bu durumun ebeveyn­lere yansıması incelenmiştir. Perinatal bakımda gelişme yönünde büyük adımlar atılmış olmasına rağmen, peri­natal kayıplar (fetüs kaybı ve yeni doğan ölümü) görül­meye devam etmektedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü\'ne (WHO) göre perinatal dönem 21. gebelik haftası ile doğumdan sonraki bir aylık dönemi kapsamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, perinatal kayıp konusunda çalışan araştırmacılar erken (gebe kalındıktan sonraki ilk 12 hafta) ve geç fetal kaybı (>20. gebelik haftası) içeren daha geniş bir tanımlamayı kullanmaktadır. Bilinen tüm gebeliklerin yaklaşık %12 ila 20\'si erken fetal kayıp ile sonlanmaktadır. En güncel ve­riler, bu oranın yaklaşık 1.03 milyon/yıl fetal kayba karşı­lık geldiğini ve 2004 yılında 18602 yenidoğan ölümünün gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. TNSA 2008 sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye\'de son beş yıl içerisinde bebek ölüm hızı­nın önemli derecede azaldığı söylenebilir. Bebek ölüm hızı, 1998-2003 ile 2003-2008 yılları arasında ki beş yıllık dönemde %47 oranında azalmıştır. Türkiye\'de her 1000 canlı doğumdan 18\'i birinci yaş gününe gelmeden ölmektedir. Perinatal kayıp yaşamış ebeveynlerin en az %80\'i 18 ay içerisinde yeniden gebe kalmaktadır. Bu ne­denle, hemşireler ve sağlık çalışanları açısından perinatal kaybın sonraki gebelik üzerindeki etkilerinin anlaşılması önemlidir. Bu derlemenin amacı öncelikle annenin olmak üzere, ebeveynlerin perinatal kayıptan sonra gebeliğe verecekleri yanıtlarla ilgili araştırmaları sentez etmek ve sonraki gebelik döneminde ebeveynlerin ihtiyaç duyduk­ları hemşirelik bakımını belirlemektir.

Keywords

Perinatal kayıp gebelik depresyon hemşirelik bakımı ebeveyn

References

  • Çiçek N, Akyürek C, Çelik Ç, Habreal A. Kadın Hastalıkları ve Do- ğum Bilgisi. 1.baskı. İstanbul:Güneş Kitabevi; 2006; 351-358.
  • Pakiş I, Koç S. Klinik Gelişim. Perinatal ve neonatal dönem be- bek ölümleri. Klinik Gelişim 2009; 60-63. Ulaşılabileceği adres: http://www.istabip.org.tr/media/upload/klinik_2009_22/09.pdf
  • Çoşar E, Soyuçen E. İntrauterin fetüs ölümü: Etiyolojisi ve önlen- mesi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 2006;12: 127-132.
  • Froen JF, Arnestad M, Frey K. Risk factors for sudden intrauterin unexplained death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:694-702.
  • Gold KJ. Navigating care after a baby dies: A systematic re- view of parent experiences with health providers. J Perinatol 2007;27:230-7.
  • Hunceld JA, Taselaar-Kloos AK, Agterberg G, Wladimiro JW, Passchier J. Trait anxiety, negative emotions, and the mother’s adaptation to an infant born subsequent to late pregnancy loss: A case controlled study. Prenat Diagn 1997;17:843-51.
  • Mathews TJ, MacDorman MF. Infant mortality statistics from the 2004 period linked birth/infant death data set. National Vital Sta- tistics Reports 2007;55:1-32.
  • Armstrong DS. Emotional distress and prenatal attachment in preg- nancy after perinatal loss. J Nurs Scholarsh 2002;34:393-405.
  • Cote-Arsenault D. The influence of perinatal loss on anxiety in multigravidas. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2003;32:623-9.
  • Franche RL, Mikail SF. The impact of perinatal loss on adjust- ment to subsequent pregnancy. Soc Sci Med 1999; 48:1613-23.
  • Armstrong DS. Impact of prior perinatal loss on subsequent preg- nancies. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2004;33:765-73.
  • Tsartsara E, Johnson MP. The impact of miscarriage on women’s pregnancy-speci¢c anxiety and feelings of Prenatal maternal-fe- tal attachment during the course of a subsequent pregnancy: An exploratory follow-up study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 2006; 27:173-82.
  • Cote-Arsenault D. Threat appraisal, coping, and emotions across pregnancy subsequent to perinatal loss. Nurs Res 2007;56:108- 16.
  • Armstrong D, Hutti M. Pregnancy after perinatal loss: The rela- tionship between anxiety and prenatal attachment. J Obstet Gy- necol Neonatal Nurs 1998;27:183-9.
  • Hughes PM, Turton P, Evans CD. Stillbirth as a risk factor for de- pression and anxiety in the subsequent pregnancy: Cohort study. BMJ 1999;318:1721-4.
  • Franche RL. Psychologic and obstetric predictors of couples’ grief during pregnancy after a miscarriage or perinatal death. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:597-602.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Marshall R. One foot in- one foot out: Weather- ing the storm of pregnancy after perinatal loss. Res Nurs Health 2000;23:473-85.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Morrison-Beedy D. Women’s voices re£ecting changed expectations for pregnancy after perinatal loss. J Nurs Scholarsh 2001;33:293-304.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Bidlack D, Humm A. Women’s emotions and concerns during pregnancy following perinatal loss. Maternal Child Nurs 2001;26:128-34.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Donato KL, Earl SS. Watching and worry- ing: Early pregnancy after loss experiences. MCN: Am J Matern Child Nurs 2006;31:356-63.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Freije MM. Support groups helping women through pregnancies after loss. West J Nurs Res 2004;26:650-70.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Mahlangu N. Impact of perinatal loss on the subsequent pregnancy and self: Women’s experiences. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999;28:274-282.
  • Turton P, Hughes P, Evans CD, Fainman D. Incidence, correlates and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder in the pregnancy after stillbirth. B J Psychiatry 2001;178:556-60.
  • Cordell AS, Thomas N. Perinatal loss: Intensity and duration of emotional recovery. Omega: J Death Dying 1997;35:297-308.
  • Janssen HJ, Cuisinier MC, Hoogduin KA, deGraauw KP. Con- trolled prospective study of the mental health of women follow- ing pregnancy loss. Obstet and Gynecol Survey 1996,51:512-4.
  • Swanson KM. Effects of caring, measurement, and time on mis- carriage impact and women’s well-being. Nurs Res 1999;48:288- 298.
  • deMontigny F, Beaudet L, Dumas L. A baby has died: The im- pact of perinatal loss on family social networks. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1999;28:151-6.
  • Nansel TR, Doyle F, Frederick MM, Zhang J. Quality of life in women undergoing medical treatment for early pregnancy fail- ure. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2005;34:473-81.
  • DiMarco M, Renker P, Medas J, Bertosa H, Goranitis JL. Ef- fects of an educational bereavement program on health care professionals’ perceptions of perinatal loss. J Contin Educ Nurs 2002;33:180-6.
  • Saflund K, Sjögren B, Wredling R. The role of caregivers after a stillbirth: Views and experiences of parents. Birth 2004;31:132- 137.
  • Trulsson O, Radestad I. The silent child: Mothers’ experiences before, during, and after stillbirth. Birth 2004;31:189-95.
  • Uren TH, Wastell CA. Attachment and meaning-making in peri- natal bereavement. Death Stud 2002;26:279-308.
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması, 2008. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü, Sağlık Bakanlığı Ana Çocuk Sağlığı ve Aile Planla- ması Genel Müdürlüğü, Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı ve TÜBİTAK, Ankara, Türkiye; 2009. Ulaşılabile- ceği adres:http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2008/data/TN- SA-2008_ana_Rapor-tr.pdf.
  • Cote-Arsenault D, Dombeck MB. Maternal assignment of fetal personhood to a previous pregnancy loss: Relationship to anxiety in the current pregnancy. Health Care Women Int 2001;22:649- 65.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Öznur Körükcü This is me

Kamile Kukulu This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2010
Submission Date March 2, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 37 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Körükcü, Ö., & Kukulu, K. (2010). Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 37(4), 429-433.
AMA Körükcü Ö, Kukulu K. Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması. diclemedj. December 2010;37(4):429-433.
Chicago Körükcü, Öznur, and Kamile Kukulu. “Perinatal kayıp Ve Ebeveynlere yansıması”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 37, no. 4 (December 2010): 429-33.
EndNote Körükcü Ö, Kukulu K (December 1, 2010) Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 37 4 429–433.
IEEE Ö. Körükcü and K. Kukulu, “Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması”, diclemedj, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 429–433, 2010.
ISNAD Körükcü, Öznur - Kukulu, Kamile. “Perinatal kayıp Ve Ebeveynlere yansıması”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 37/4 (December 2010), 429-433.
JAMA Körükcü Ö, Kukulu K. Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması. diclemedj. 2010;37:429–433.
MLA Körükcü, Öznur and Kamile Kukulu. “Perinatal kayıp Ve Ebeveynlere yansıması”. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, vol. 37, no. 4, 2010, pp. 429-33.
Vancouver Körükcü Ö, Kukulu K. Perinatal kayıp ve ebeveynlere yansıması. diclemedj. 2010;37(4):429-33.