Research Article

The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah's Din-i Ilahi Movement

Number: 1 September 30, 2024
EN TR

The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah's Din-i Ilahi Movement

Abstract

This article examines Akbar Shah’s approach to religious and social reforms during his rule in India. The second section of the article discusses Akbar Shah’s religious movement, known as ‘Din-i Ilahi’, and compares the scope of this movement with the different views expressed by Abū al Fazl and Mawlānā ‘Abd al-Qadir Badayuni. The third section analyses the impact of Akbar’s religious tolerance on state policy, with a particular focus on the authorisation of non-Muslims to construct places of worship and the provision of state support for religious celebrations. The final section provides a detailed analysis of Akbar’s social reforms, with a particular focus on the prohibition of sati (the practice of widows committing suicide by throwing themselves on their husbands’ funeral pyre) and marriage reforms Akbar’s reforms are regarded as an exemplar of a more inclusive approach to religious and cultural diversity in India. As part of these reforms, there has also been a legal transformation regarding the rights of non-Muslims. This transformation deserves to be examined from a socio-legal perspective. Ekber’s practices, such as allowing non-Muslims to build places of worship and providing state support for religious celebrations, are indicative of his inclusive approach to governance.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This article is derived from my doctoral thesis titled “Non-Muslim Policies of The Ottomans and Mughals in The 16th Century”.

References

  1. Abū Yūsuf. Kitāb al-Ḫarāj. Cairo: Selefiye Edition, 1969.
  2. Ali, Hafiz Aamir. “İbn Battuta’nın Gözünden Hindistan”. Selcuk University Journal of Seljuk Studies, no. 17 (January 2023): 71-96.
  3. Badaoni, Abdu al-Qadir. The Muntakhab al-Tawarikh, Hansebook, 2020.
  4. Banarsidas. The Ardhakathānaka. Translated by Mukund Lath. Jaipur: 1981.
  5. Bano, Shadaba. “Age of Marriage in Pre-Colonial India”. Indian History Congress, no. 64 (2003): 596-602.
  6. Chaudhury, Sushil. “A Note on ‘Sati’ in Medieval India”. Indian History Congress 2, no. 26 (1964): 81.
  7. Choudhury, M. L. Roy. “Hindu-Muslim Relation During the Mughal Period 1526 to 1707 A.D.”. Indian History Congress 1, no. 9 (1946): 282-296.
  8. Cihângîr, Nûreddîn Muhammad. Tüzük-i Cihangiri. Translated into Urdu by Iqbal Hussein. Lahore: Al-Faisal Publisher, 2017.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Law and Religion, Legal History

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2024

Submission Date

August 21, 2024

Acceptance Date

September 28, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Number: 1

APA
Ali, H. A. (2024). The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah’s Din-i Ilahi Movement. DiHA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Studies, 1, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13857224
AMA
1.Ali HA. The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah’s Din-i Ilahi Movement. DiHA. 2024;(1):1-19. doi:10.5281/zenodo.13857224
Chicago
Ali, Hafiz Aamir. 2024. “The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law After Akbar Shah’s Din-I Ilahi Movement”. DiHA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Studies, no. 1: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13857224.
EndNote
Ali HA (September 1, 2024) The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah’s Din-i Ilahi Movement. DiHA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Studies 1 1–19.
IEEE
[1]H. A. Ali, “The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah’s Din-i Ilahi Movement”, DiHA, no. 1, pp. 1–19, Sept. 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.13857224.
ISNAD
Ali, Hafiz Aamir. “The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law After Akbar Shah’s Din-I Ilahi Movement”. DiHA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Studies. 1 (September 1, 2024): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13857224.
JAMA
1.Ali HA. The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah’s Din-i Ilahi Movement. DiHA. 2024;:1–19.
MLA
Ali, Hafiz Aamir. “The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law After Akbar Shah’s Din-I Ilahi Movement”. DiHA: Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Studies, no. 1, Sept. 2024, pp. 1-19, doi:10.5281/zenodo.13857224.
Vancouver
1.Hafiz Aamir Ali. The Rights of Non-Muslims in Mughal Law after Akbar Shah’s Din-i Ilahi Movement. DiHA. 2024 Sep. 1;(1):1-19. doi:10.5281/zenodo.13857224