Normative Review of Fake Order Practices in e-Commerce: An Examination Through Islamic and Indonesian Legal Frameworks

Abstract

This study analyzes business actors who use fake order marketing strategies from the perspective of Islamic law and consumer protection law in Indonesia. It also examines the strategies of e-commerce platforms in addressing these practices through internal policies and rating systems from the same legal perspectives. E-commerce, as a rapidly growing digital marketplace, connects consumers and companies through technology and applications, offering convenience in transactions but also creating risks, such as buyers’ inability to inspect goods directly. This reliance on reviews and ratings has enabled the rise of fake orders—deliberate fictitious transactions and reviews aimed at boosting store reputations, manipulating consumer perceptions, and inflating sales metrics. Such practices distort market fairness and mislead consumers, raising ethical and legal issues.Using a qualitative method grounded in normative legal and ethnographic approaches, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed inductively. From the perspective of Islamic law, fake orders are invalid because they do not fulfill the pillars and conditions of the ijārah bil al-amāl contract, as the services purchased lack direct and lawful benefits. Under Indonesian consumer protection law, fake orders violate consumer rights and breach business actors’ obligations. Platform strategies studied adhere toIslamic principles and comply with the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE).

Keywords

• Consumer Protection
• E-commerce
• Fraud
• Indonesia
• Islamic Law
• Marketing

Ethical Statement

One of the authors of this article is a member of the journal’s editorial board. The author was not involved in any stage of the editorial or peer-review process of this manuscript and did not participate in any publication decisions.

E-Ticarette Sahte Sipariş Uygulamalarının Normatif İncelemesi: İslam Hukuku ve Endonezya Hukuk Çerçeveleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sahte sipariş pazarlama stratejileri kullanan ticari aktörleri, İslam hukuku ve Endonezya tüketici koruma hukuku perspektifinden incelemektedir. Ayrıca e-ticaret platformlarının bu tür uygulamalara karşı iç politikalar ve derecelendirme sistemleri yoluyla geliştirdiği stratejileri de aynı hukuki çerçeveler ışığında değerlendirmektedir. Dijital pazaryeri olarak hızla büyüyen e-ticaret, tüketiciler ve şirketleri teknoloji ve uygulamalar aracılığıyla buluşturmakta; işlemlerde kolaylık sağlarken, tüketicilerin ürünleri doğrudan inceleyememesi gibi riskler de doğurmaktadır. Bu durum, tüketicilerin değerlendirme ve puanlamalara bağımlı hale gelmesine yol açmış; mağaza itibarını artırmak, tüketici algısını manipüle etmek ve satış istatistiklerini yapay olarak şişirmek amacıyla kurgulanan sahte işlemler ve yorumlar anlamına gelen sahte siparişlerin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu tür uygulamalar piyasa adaletini bozmakta ve tüketicileri yanıltmakta, dolayısıyla etik ve hukuki sorunlar doğurmaktadır. Normatif hukuk ve etnografik yaklaşımlara dayalı nitel yöntem kullanılarak yürütülen araştırmada veriler gözlem, mülakat ve dokümantasyon yoluyla toplanmış, tümevarımsal olarak analiz edilmiştir. İslam hukuku perspektifinden sahte siparişler, satın alınan hizmetlerin doğrudan ve meşru bir fayda sağlamaması sebebiyle icâre bil-amel akdinin rükün ve şartlarını karşılamadığından geçersiz kabul edilmektedir. Endonezya tüketicikoruma hukuku açısından ise sahte siparişler, tüketici haklarını ihlal etmekte ve ticari aktörlerin yükümlülüklerini ihlâl etmektedir. İncelenen platform stratejileri, İslamî ilkelere uygunluk göstermekte ve EndonezyaBilgi ve Elektronik İşlemler Yasası’na (UU ITE) riayet etmektedir.

Keywords

• Tüketici Koruma
• E-ticaret
• Dolandırıcılık
• Endonezya
• İslam Hukuku
• Pazarlama

Ethical Statement

Bu makalenin yazarlarından biri derginin yayın kurulunda yer almaktadır. İlgili yazar, makalenin editoryal ve hakemlik süreçlerinin hiçbir aşamasında görev almamış ve karar süreçlerine katılmamıştır.

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