HALK SAĞLIĞI BAKIŞ AÇISIYLA TOPLUM RUH SAĞLIĞI

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 109 - 119, 30.06.2024

Elif Nur Yıldırım Öztürk , Meltem Çöl

Abstract

Ruh sağlığı ve fiziksel sağlık genel sağlığın birbirini tamamlayan parçalarıdır. Geçmişte ruh sağlığı fiziksel sağlığın gerisinde ve gölgesinde kalmıştır. Günümüzde ise, halen tam olmamakla birlikte, ruh sağlığının önemi ortaya çıkmaya başlamıştır. Bireyin ne düşündüğü, nasıl hissettiği ve ne şekilde davrandığı ruh sağlığıyla ilişkilidir. İki yüzden fazla türde ruh sağlığı sorunu bulunmakla birlikte önde gelen ruh sağlığı sorunları anksiyete ve depresyondur. Ruh sağlığı sorunları yaşamın her evresinde önemini koruyan konulardır. 2019 yılında dünya genelinde yaklaşık olarak 970 milyon kişide herhangi bir ruh sağlığı sorunu bulunduğu belirtilmiştir. Küresel olarak anksiyete yaygınlığı %4 ve depresyon yaygınlığı %3,8’dir. Dünyada 2019 yılı için hastalık yükünün %4,9’u ruh sağlığı sorunlarına bağlıdır. DSÖ COVID-19 pandemisinin ilk yılında dünya genelinde anksiyetede %26 ve depresyonda %28 oranında artış görüldüğünü bildirmiştir. Ruh sağlığının geliştirilmesi ve korunması yalnız sağlık sektörünün etki alanında olmadığından, bu alanda ihtiyaç duyulan sektörler arası işbirlikleri hayata geçirilmelidir.

Keywords

Anksiyete, Depresyon, Halk sağlığı, Ruh sağlığı

Ethical Statement

Makale geleneksel derleme türünde olduğundan etik izne ihtiyaç yoktur.

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH FROM PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

Mental health and physical health are integral parts of general health. In the past, mental health lagged behind and overshadowed by physical health. Today, the importance of mental health is beginning to be recognised, although it is not yet fully understood. What an individual think, how (s)he feels, and how (s)he acts is related to mental health. While there are more than two hundred types of mental health issues, the leading mental health issues are anxiety and depression. Mental health issues are problems that maintain their importance at every stage of life. In 2019, it was reported that approximately 970 million people worldwide had any mental health problem. The prevalence of anxiety is 4% and depression is 3.8% globally. 4.9% of the disease burden in the world for 2019 is because of mental health issues. WHO reported a 26% increase in anxiety and a 28% increase in depression worldwide in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the promotion and prevention of mental health is not the sole responsibility of the health sector, the necessary intersectoral cooperation should be achieved.

Keywords

Anxiety, Depression, Public health, Mental health

Project Number

yok

References

• 1. WHO. About WHO. Constitution. Access from https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution (Access date: 14.07.2023)
• 2. Last JM. A dictionary of public health. Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, 2001.
• 3. Starfield B. Basic concepts in population health and health care. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55 (7): 452-454. doi:10.1136/jech.55.7.452
• 4. Card AJ. Moving beyond the WHO definition of health: a new perspective for an aging world and the emerging era of value-based care. World Med Health Pol 2017; 9(1): 127-137. doi: 10.1002/wmh3.221
• 5. Leonardi F. The definition of health: towards new perspectives. Int J Health Serv 2018; 48 (4): 735-748. doi:10.1177/0020731418782653
• 6. CDC. About mental health. Access from https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/learn/index.htm (Access date: 15.07.2023)
• 7. WHO. Comprehensive mental health action plan 2013-2030. Access from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240031029 (Access date: 17.10.2022)
• 8. Karabey S, Taycan O, Coşkun B. Mental Health Services in Turkey (In the Century and Future of Public Health in Turkey, Editors Kılıç B, Erbaydar T, Çamur D). HASUDER. 2023.
• 9. National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Mental health. Access from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68008603 (Access date: 15.07.2023)
• 10. MedlinePlus. Health topics. Mental health and behaviour. Access from https://medlineplus.gov/mentalhealthandbehavior.html (Access date: 17.07.2023)
• 11. WHO. Mental disorders. Fact sheet. Access from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders (Access date: 17.07.2023)
• 12. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Global burden of disease-Mental health 2019. Access from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/ (Access date: 15.08.2023)
• 13. WHO. Global health estimates: Leading causes of DALY (DALY estimates 2019 by WHO regions and World Bank Income Group). Access from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/global-health-estimates-leading-causes-of-dalys (Access date: 22.12.2023)
• 14. Yorulmaz F. Psychiatric epidemiology. In Community mental health Ed. Tokuç B. 1st Edition. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri 2021: 8-15. Access from https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-psikiyatrik-epidemiyoloji-92058.html
• 15. Kılıç C. Results related to adults. In Turkey mental health profile main report Ed. Erol N, Kılıç C, Ulusoy M, Keçeci M, Şimşek Z Chapter 4. Ankara: Ministry of Health Publications 1998: 77-93. Access from https://www.scribd.com/doc/118803955/Turkiye-Ruh-Sa%C4%9Fl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1-Profili-Raporu-1998
• 16. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. News dated 11.12.2019. Access from https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,60876/turkiye-ruh-sagligi-profili-2-arastirmasi-tanitim-toplantisi-yapildi.html (Access date: 20.08.2023)
• 17. TurkStat. Turkey health survey 2022. Access from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Turkiye-Health-Survey-2022-49747 (Access date: 12.09.2023)
• 18. Keskin A, Ünlüoğlu İ, Bilge U, Yenilmez Ç. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders distribution of subjects gender and its relationship with psychiatric help-seeking. Archives of Neuropsychiatry 2013; 50: 344-351. doi:10.4274/npa.y6522
• 19. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, et al. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Rivista di psichiatria 2020; 55(3): 137-144. doi:10.1708/3382.33569
• 20. WHO. Activities improving health literacy. Access from https://www.who.int/activities/improving-health-literacy#:~:text=%E2%80%9CHealth%20literacy%20implies%20the%20achievement,read%20pamphlets%20and%20make%20appointments. (Access date: 22.08.2023)
• 21. CDC. Health Literacy Basics. Access from https://www.cdc.gov/healthliteracy/learn/index.html (Access date: 16.08.2023)
• 22. Jorm AF, Barney LJ, Christensen H, Highet NJ, Kelly CM, Kitchener BA. Research on mental health literacy: what we know and what we still need to know. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2006; 40(1): 3-5. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01734.x
• 23. Jorm AF. Mental health literacy. Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 21: 396-401. doi:10.1192/bjp.177.5.396
• 24. Wei Y, McGrath PJ, Hayden J, Kutcher S. Mental health literacy measures evaluating knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking: a scoping review. BmC Psychiatry 2015: 15; 291. doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0681-9
• 25. Arslan Ş, Karabey S. Mental health literacy. In Community mental health Ed. Tokuç B. 1st Edition. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri 2021: 16-22. Access from https://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/tr-ruh-sagligi-okuryazarligi-92059.html
• 26. Göktaş S, Işıklı B, Metintaş S. Mental health literacy. ESTUDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi 2018; 3(2): 68-75. Access from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/546009
• 27. Gorczynski P, Sims-Schouten W, Hill D, Wilson JC. Examining mental health literacy, help seeking behaviours, and mental health outcomes in UK university students. J Ment Health Train Educ Pract. 2017;12(2):111-120. doi:10.1108/JMHTEP-05-2016-0027
• 28. Reavley NJ, Jorm AF. Public recognition of mental disorders and beliefs about treatment: changes in Australia over 16 years. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2012;200(5):419-425. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.104208
• 29. Allen J, Balfour R, Bell R, Marmot M. Social determinants of mental health. International Review of Psychiatry 2014; 26(4): 392-407. doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.928270
• 30. Silva M, Loureiro A, Cardoso G. Social determinants of mental health: a review of the evidence. The European Journal of Psychiatry 2016: 30 (4); 259-292. Access from https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/ejpen/v30n4/original03.pdf
• 31. Ellermann C. Promoting health literacy to reduce health inequalities in societies. Eur J Public Health 2017; 1: 27. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.517
• 32. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. National mental health action plan 2021-2023. Access from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Ruh_Sagligi_Db/yayinlarimiz/URSEP_Baski.pdf (Access date: 17.09.2023)
• 33. Arango C, Díaz-Caneja CM, McGorry PD, Rapoport J, Sommer IE, Vorstman JA, et al. Preventive strategies for mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5(7): 591-604. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30057-9
• 34. WHO. World mental health day. Access from https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-mental-health-day (Access date: 17.09.2023)
• 35. UN. Sustainable development goals. Access from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ (Access date: 19.09.2023)
• 36. Ministry of Health. Organization scheme. Access from https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,11444/teskilat-semasi.html (Access date: 20.09.2023)
• 37. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Mental health department. Access from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/ruhsagligi-anasayfa (Access date: 20.09.2023)
• 38. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. The Multisectoral Health Responsibility Development Programme 2013-2023. Access from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cevre-sagligi-db/Dokumanlar/Kitaplar/Cok_Paydasli_Saglik_Sorumlulugunu_Gelistirme_Programi.pdf (Access date: 28.12.2023)
• 39. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Infant, child, adolescent follow-up protocols. 2018. Access from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/cocuk_ergen_db/dokumanlar/yayinlar/Kitaplar/Bebek_Cocuk_Ergen_Izlem_Protokolleri_2018.pdf (Access date: 20.09.2023)
• 40. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health. Postpartum care management manual. 2018. Access from https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/Kadin_ve_Ureme_Sagligi_Db/dokumanlar/rehbler/DOGUM_SONU_BAKIM_08-01-2019_1.pdf (Access date: 20.09.2023)
• 41. Editorial. Mental health matters. The Lancet Global Health 2020; 8(11): E1352. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30432-0
• 42. Trautmann S, Rehm J, Wittchen HU. The economic costs of mental disorders: do our societies react appropriately to the burden of mental disorders? EMBO Rep 2016; 17(9): 1245-1249. doi:10.15252/embr.201642951