IS THERE ANY COİNTEGRATİON BETWEEN TURKEY'S AND GREECE'S MİLİTARY EXPENDİTURES?
Year 2008,
Issue: 21, - , 20.06.2015
İsmail Aktar
,
Abdulkadir Civan
Abstract
This study concerns about the long-run relationship between Turkey's and Greece's military expenditures due to the hostility of these two neighboring and NATO ally countries. Our data range from 1949 to 2001. After checking the series whether they are stationary or not based upon Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, we apply to Johansen's cointegration test to see the long-run connection. Our empirical findings support the long-run relationship between these two countries military expenditures. We also checked the ECM to see how the cointegrating vector feeds back on the military expenditures of the two countries
References
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- Expenditures 1960-92”, Journal of Peace Research, 33 (2): 217-228.
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- American Political Science Review, 76 (4): 767-777. Smith, R. and Sola, M. and Spagnolo, F. (2000). “The Prisoner's Dilemma and Regime-Switching in the Greek-Turkish Arms Race”, Journal of Peace Research, 37 (6): 737-750.
- Turkish Republic Central Bank, Electronic Data Delivery System http://www.tcmb.gov.tr (Accessed 17.10.2006)
- Yýldýrým, J. and Sezgin, S. (2002). “Defence, Education and Health
- Expenditures in Turkey, 1924-96”, Journal of Peace Research, 39 (5): 569- 5
IS THERE ANY COİNTEGRATİON BETWEEN TURKEY'S AND GREECE'S MİLİTARY EXPENDİTURES?
Year 2008,
Issue: 21, - , 20.06.2015
İsmail Aktar
,
Abdulkadir Civan
Abstract
Ýki NATO üyesi ve ayný zamanda iki komþu ülke olan Türkiye ve Yunanistan aralarýndaki husumetten dolayý bu ülkelerin askeri harcamalarýnda uzun dönemli bir iliþki olabileceði varsayýmý bu çalýþmada incelenecektir. Ilgilenilen dönem 1949 ve 2001 arasýdýr. Augmented Dickey-Fuller testi ile serilerin duraðanlýðýna bakýldýktan sonra Johansen eþbütünleþik testi uygulanarak uzun dönemli bir iliþkinin var olup olmadýðý araþtýrýlmýþtýr. Ampirik bulgular ilgili dönemde iki ülkenin askeri harcamalarý arasýnda uzun dönemli bir iliþkinin varlýðýný göstermektedir. Hata düzeltme modeli (ECM) ile iki ülkenin askeri harcamalarýnýn birbirlerini nasýl besledikleri de gösterilmiþtir
References
- Andreou, A. S., and Zombanakis, G. A. (2006). “The Arms Race between Greece and Turkey:
- Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 12 (1). http://www.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=peps accessed
- Commenting on a Major Unresolved Issue”, Peace 2006.
- Brauer, J. (2002). “Survey and Review of the Defence Economics Literature on Greece and Turkey: What Have we Learned?”, Defence and Peace Economics, 13 (2): 85-102.
- Brauer, J. (2001), “Military Expenditure, Economic Performance, and Political Economy
- Yearbook of International of Conflict Resolution in Greece and Turkey” Turkish Relations 2001, 32: 1-23.
- Collier P. and Hoeffler, A. (2005). “Unintended Consequences: Does Aid
- Promote Arms Races?” August 2005 Draft Department of Economics Oxford University. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~econpco/research/pdfs/Aid-promote-arms.pdf accessed 2006.
- Desai, M. and David, B. (1981). “Modelling the Ultimate Absurdity: A
- Comment on a Quantitative Study of the Strategic Arms Race in the Missile Age”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 63 (4): 629-632. Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. (1979). “Distribution of the Estimators for
- Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74: 427- 431. Dunne J. P. and Nikolaidou, E. and Smith, R. P. (2005). “Is there an Arms
- Race between Greece and Turkey?” Defence and Peace Economics, 11 (2). Article 1. Granger, C.W.J. (1969). “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric
- Models and Cross Spectral Methods”, Econometrica, 37 (3): 424-435. Georgiou, G. (1990). “Is there an Arms Race between Greece and Turkey?
- Some Preliminary Econometric Results”, Cyprus Journal of Economics, 3 (1): 58-73. Georgiou, M. G. and Kapopoulos, P. T. and Lazaretou, S. (1996). “Modeling
- Greek-Turkish Rivalry: An Empirical Investigation of Defence Spending Dynamics”, Journal of Peace Research, 33 (2): 229-239. International Financial Statistics, IMF, 2006
- Johansen, S, (1988). “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic
- Dynamics and Control, 3: 231-254. Kollias, C. (1991). “Greece and Turkey: The Case Study of an Arms Race from the Greek Perspective”, Spoudai, 41(1): 64-81.
- Kollias, C. and Makrydakis, S. (1997). “Is there a Greek-Turkish Arms Race?
- Evidence from Cointegration and Causality Tests”, Defence and Peace Economics, 8 (4): 355-379. Kollias, G. C. (1996). “The Greek-Turkish Conflict and Greek Military
- Expenditures 1960-92”, Journal of Peace Research, 33 (2): 217-228.
- Kollias, C. and Paleologou, S-M. (2002). “Is there a Greek-Turkish Arms
- Race: Some Further Emprirical Results from Causality Tests”, Defence and Peace Economics, 13 (4): 321-328. Majeski, S. (1985). “Expectations and Arms Races”, American Journal of Political Science, 29: 217-245.
- Majeski, S. and Jones, D. (1981). “Arms Race Modelling. Causality Analysis and Model Specification”, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 25: 259-288.
- McGuire, M. (1977). “A Quantitative Study of the Strategic Arms Race in the Missle Age”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 59 (3): 328-339.
- NATO web site http://www.nato.int/issues/defence_expenditures/index.html accessed 11.10.2006
- Öcal, N. (2003). “Are the Military Expenditures of India and Pakistan
- External Determinants for each other: An empirical investigation”, Defence and Peace Economics, 14(2): 141-149. Russets, B. M. (1982). “Defence Expenditures and National Well Being”,
- American Political Science Review, 76 (4): 767-777. Smith, R. and Sola, M. and Spagnolo, F. (2000). “The Prisoner's Dilemma and Regime-Switching in the Greek-Turkish Arms Race”, Journal of Peace Research, 37 (6): 737-750.
- Turkish Republic Central Bank, Electronic Data Delivery System http://www.tcmb.gov.tr (Accessed 17.10.2006)
- Yýldýrým, J. and Sezgin, S. (2002). “Defence, Education and Health
- Expenditures in Turkey, 1924-96”, Journal of Peace Research, 39 (5): 569- 5