İş Yaşam Dengesinde Ülkelerin Gelişimi: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Yaklaşım

Year 2020, Issue: 64, 1 - 18, 22.04.2020

Özlem Aracı

Abstract

Yaşamın iş ve iş dışı alanlarındaki talepleri ve sorumlulukları yönetmek ve bu iki alan arasında denge kurmak gittikçe zorlaşmaktadır. Bu dengeyi kurmayı zorlaştıran birçok faktör vardır. Akademik literatür iş yaşam dengesi üzerinde etkili olan bu bireysel, organizasyonel, toplumsal faktörlerin belirlenmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. İş yaşam dengesinin sadece bireyler ve organizasyonlar üzerindeki faydası değil, toplumun refahı, yaşam tatmini ve mutluluk seviyesi ile de ilişkisinin olması konunun ülke düzeyinde hazırlanan politikalar ve düzenlemeler ile ele alınması gerektiği gerçeğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Her ülke kendi ulusal dinamiklerini oluşturan kültürel, yapısal, ekonomik faktörleri dikkate alarak iş yaşam dengesini destekleyici farklı politikalar geliştirmektedir. Hükümetlerin farklılık gösteren bu çabalarının iş yaşam dengesi üzerindeki etkisinin de farklı olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma iş yaşam dengesi açısından ülkeleri karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Ülkeler, potansiyel olarak iş yaşam dengesi ile ilişkili olabilecek “kadınların iş gücüne katılımı”, “aileler için yapılan kamu sosyal harcamaları”, “okul öncesi eğitime ya da ilkokul eğitimine kayıt oranları” göstergeleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaç ile OECD (Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü) tarafından sunulan raporlar ve veri tabanları üzerinden elde edilen ikincil veri kullanılmıştır. 

Keywords

iş yaşam dengesi, ülkeler, karşılaştırma

Progress of Countries in Work Life Balance: A Comparative Perspective

Abstract

To manage and balance demands and responsibilities of work and non-work sphere of the life is getting more difficult. There are many factors that make difficult to balance work and life. Academic literature contributes to reveal individual, organizational, societal factors that affect work life balance. Not only benefits of work life balance on individuals and organizations, but also its benefits on well-being, life satisfaction and happiness of the society revealed that it requires to prepare policies and regulations at the country level. Each country formulates different work life balance supportive policies by taking into consideration national context such as cultural, structural and economic factors. It is expected that effect of government efforts on work life balance varies across countries. This study aims to compare countries in terms of work life balance. Countries are compared based on the potentially related indicators with work life balance such as “labor force participation of women”, “public social expenditures on families”, “enrolment rates in pre-primary education or primary school”. To reach this aim, secondary data provided by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) reports and databases is used. 

Keywords

work life balance, countries, comparison

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