Uluslararası İlişkilerde Yumuşak Gücün Temel Bir Birleşeni Olarak Kültürel Diplomasi ve Kültürel Etki Stratejileri

Year 2020, Issue: 1, 17 - 31, 29.06.2020

Cem Savaş

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı, küreselleşme koşulları altında kültürel diplomasi ve
yumuşak güç (soft power) kavramları arasındaki bağları irdelemek ve kültürel
diplomasi alanını kavramsal açıdan incelemektir. Küresel ve bölgesel ölçekte
birçok ülkenin uyguladığı kültürel etki politikalarına bakıldığında, gücün yirminci
yüzyılda tanık olunan dönüşümüne koşut olarak uluslararası planda bir etki
sorunsalı karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ancak, genel olarak, bu sorunsalı meydana getiren
analitik unsurlar arasındaki ilişkilerin kapsamı ve bilhassa etki kavramının
diplomatik-stratejik düzlemde taşıdığı anlamlar Uluslararası İlişkiler literatüründe
göz ardı edilmektedir. Buradan hareketle, bu makale, küreselleşme çalışmaları
kapsamında kültürel diplomasi-yumuşak güç bağlantısına kavramsal düzeyde
açıklık getirmeyi ve literatüre bu yönden katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Günümüzde yumuşak güç unsurları dış politika stratejilerinin ana eksenini ve
küresel düzlemde etki kavramının içeriğini belirlemeye devam etmektedir. Bu
çerçevede, Uluslararası İlişkilerdeki güç kavramıyla birlikte, yumuşak gücün
gelişimi ve küreselleşme koşulları altında kazandığı yeni anlamlar giderek artan
ölçüde önem kazanmaktadır. Burada, yumuşak gücü kullanan dış politika aktörleri
ve bu kavramın dayandığı temel kaynaklar açısından Uluslararası İlişkiler
disiplininde genel anlamıyla kültür ve kültürel diplomasi arasındaki etkileşimler
incelecektir. Son olarak, bu çalışma, neoliberal Uluslararası İlişkiler
perspektifinden hareketle ve eleştirel bir literatür taraması etrafında, kültür, etki ve
diplomasi kavramları arasındaki çeşitli metodolojik çıkarımları mercek altına
alacaktır.

Keywords

Kültürel Diplomasi, Yumuşak Güç, Etki, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Küreselleşme, Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Influence, International Relations, Globalization

Cultural Diplomacy as a Basic Component of Soft Power in International Relations and Strategies of Cultural Influence

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine the links between concepts of
diplomacy and soft power under the conditions of globalization and examine
conceptually the field of cultural diplomacy. When looking at the policies of
cultural influence implemented by many countries on a global and regional scale,
we face an international problematic of influence in parallel with the transformation
of power in the twentieth century. However, in general, the extent of the
relationships between the analytical elements that make up this problematic and
especially the meaning of the concept of influence on the diplomatic-strategic
context are mainly ignored in the International Relations literature. From this point
of view, this article aims to clarify the conceptual relationship of cultural
diplomacy-soft power in the context of globalization studies and contribute to the
literature in this respect. Today, elements of soft power continue to determine the
main axis of foreign policy strategies and the content of the influence on the global
level. In this context, with the concept of power in International Relations, the new
meanings that soft power gained under the conditions of development and
globalization are becoming increasingly important. Here, in terms of foreign policy
actors who use soft power and the basic sources on which this concept is based, the
interactions between culture and cultural diplomacy in the International Relations
discipline will be examined. Finally, this study will focus on a variety of
methodological implications between the concepts of culture, influence and
diplomacy, from a critical literature review based on a neoliberal perspective of
International Relations.

Keywords

Cultural Diplomacy, Soft Power, Influence, International Relations, Globalization

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