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EDEBİ ETİK ANALİZİNE İLİŞKİN BİR UYGULAMA TEKLİFİ: KARMA ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ

Year 2022, , 1308 - 1333, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.21

Abstract

İnsanın ahlaki gelişiminde edebiyatın yadsınamaz bir rolü vardır. Küçük yaşlardan itibaren okunan kitaplar ve duyulan hikâyeler, kişilerin bulundukları toplumun ahlaki yapısını anlamalarına ve kendi ahlaki tutumlarını geliştirmelerine yardımcı olur. Bu yönüyle edebiyat ve ahlak/etik arasındaki söz konusu ilişki, edebiyat eleştirmenlerinin incelemelerine de konu olmuştur. Ancak postmodernizm akımı ile beraber edebî eserlerde yer alan etik ile ilgili konular konuşulamaz hâle gelmiş, etik edebî eleştiri alanından dışlanmıştır. 1980lere gelindiğinde ise edebî etik analizi tekrar popüler hâle gelmiş, kendi içinde değişimlere uğrayarak yeniden biçimlenmiştir. Bu yeni edebî etik analizi, nesnel bir analiz yöntemi ve çeşitli metotlarla edebiyat eserlerini incelemiştir. Ancak bu çabalara karşın, yeni edebî etik analizi metodolojisi de edebî çevrelerce tam anlamıyla kabul görmemiştir.
Bu makalede Karma Analiz Yöntemi başlığı altında bir edebî etik analizi metodu teklif edilmektedir. Çalışmada, öncelikle edebî etik analizi hakkında teorik bir inceleme yapılmış, devamında ise teklif edilen yöntem açıklanmıştır. Son olarak bu yöntem David Walton’ın Terminal Mind (2008) adlı bilim kurgu eseri üzerinde uygulanarak örneklendirilmiştir.

References

  • Atilla, A. (2016). The Self as Trace: The Ethics of Representation in the Contemporary English Novel. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (2004). Postmodern Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1993)
  • Doğan, B. O. (2021). (Çev.) Kurmacanın Retoriği Metis Kitap.
  • Booth, W. C. (1988). The Company We Keep: An Ethics of Fiction. California: University of California Press.
  • Booth, W. C. (2005a). Who is Responsible in Ethical Criticism?. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 105-128). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
  • Booth, W. C. (2005b). Why Ethical Criticism Can Never Be Simple. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 41-55). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
  • Booth, W. C. (2021). Kurmacanın Retoriği. (3. bs.). (B. O. Doğan, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Kitap. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1961).
  • Bilan, R. P. (1976). The Basic Concepts and Criteria of F. R. Leavis's Novel Criticism. Novel: A Forum on Fiction, 9(3), 197- 216. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1345463
  • Diamond, C. (1983). Having a Rough Story about What Moral Philosophy Is. New Literary History, 15(1), 155-169. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/468998
  • Diamond, C. (1998). Martha Nussbaum and the Need for Novels. Jane Adamson, Richard Freadman ve David Parker (Ed.). Renegotiating Ethics in Literature, Philosophy, and Theory içinde (s. 39-64). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Driver, J. (2014, 22 Eylül). The History of Utilitarianism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim adresi (16 Ocak 2021): https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/
  • Erkan, M. (2014). Etik ve Edebiyat. Notos, 43, 29-42.
  • Foot, P. (2002). The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect.1967. Virtues, Vices, Other Essays in Moral Philosophy içinde (s.19-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1967).
  • Gregory, M. (2005). Ethical Criticism: What It is and Why It Matters. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 58-86). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
  • Gregory, M. (2010). Redefining Ethical Criticism: The Old vs. the New. Journal of Literary Theory, 4(2), 273-302.
  • Güzel, Firuze. (2021). Postmodern Perception of Values, Morals and Ethics in Contemporary American Science-Fiction Novel (Doktora Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Hursthouse, R. (2002). On Virtue Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1999).
  • Leavis, F. R. (1950). The Great Tradition. New York: George W. Stewart Publisher. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1948).
  • Moyal-Sharrock, D. (2012). Cora Diamond and the Ethical Imagination. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 52(3), 223-240.
  • Müller, V. C. (2020, 30 Nisan). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim adresi (22 Mart 2021): https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-ai/
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (1990). Love’s Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2003). Literature and Ethical Theory: Allies or Adversaries?. Frame, 17(1), 1-25. Erişim adresi: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1049.9798&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2007). Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Oskay, Ü. (2014). Roman ve Etik. İstanbul: Inkılap Kitabevi.
  • Parker, D. (1998). Introduction: The Turn to Ethics in the 1990s. Jane Adamson, Richard Freadman ve David Parker (Ed.). Renegotiating Ethics in Literature, Philosophy, and Theory içinde (s. 1-20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1971).
  • Sacks, S. (1964). Fiction and the Shape of Belief: A Study of Henry Fielding. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Siebers, T. (1988). Ethics of Criticism. Ithaka: Cornell University Press.
  • Singer, P. (2011) Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1979).
  • Singer, P. (2016). Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Famine, Affluence, and Morality içinde (s. 1-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1972).
  • Störig, H. J. (2011). Vedalardan Tractatus’a: Dünya Felsefe Tarihi. İstanbul: Say Yayınları. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1950).
  • Walton, D. (2008). Terminal Mind. Tennessee: Meadowhawk Press.
  • Yehoshua, A. B. (2005). The Moral Connections of Literary Texts. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 28-40). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.

A PROPOSAL ON THE APPLICATION OF LITERARY ETHICAL ANALYSIS: MIXED ANALYSIS METHOD

Year 2022, , 1308 - 1333, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.21

Abstract

Literature has an undeniable role in the moral development of people. The books read and the stories heard from an early age help people to understand the moral structure of the society in which they live and to develop their moral attitudes. In this respect, the relationship between literature and morality/ethics has also been the subject of literary critics' studies. However, with the postmodernism movement, ethical issues in literary works have become unspeakable, and ethics has been excluded from the field of literary criticism. By the 1980s, literary ethical analysis became popular again and it has been reshaped by undergoing changes within itself. This new literary ethical analysis examines literary works with an objective analysis technique and various methods. However, despite these efforts, the new methodology of literary ethical analysis has not been entirely accepted by literary circles.
In this article, a literary ethical analysis method is proposed under the title of Mixed Analysis Method First, a theoretical study is provided about the field of literary ethical analysis, and then the proposed method is explained. Finally, this method is exemplified by applying it to David Walton's science fiction work Terminal Mind (2008).

References

  • Atilla, A. (2016). The Self as Trace: The Ethics of Representation in the Contemporary English Novel. İzmir: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
  • Bauman, Z. (2004). Postmodern Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1993)
  • Doğan, B. O. (2021). (Çev.) Kurmacanın Retoriği Metis Kitap.
  • Booth, W. C. (1988). The Company We Keep: An Ethics of Fiction. California: University of California Press.
  • Booth, W. C. (2005a). Who is Responsible in Ethical Criticism?. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 105-128). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
  • Booth, W. C. (2005b). Why Ethical Criticism Can Never Be Simple. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 41-55). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
  • Booth, W. C. (2021). Kurmacanın Retoriği. (3. bs.). (B. O. Doğan, Çev.). İstanbul: Metis Kitap. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1961).
  • Bilan, R. P. (1976). The Basic Concepts and Criteria of F. R. Leavis's Novel Criticism. Novel: A Forum on Fiction, 9(3), 197- 216. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1345463
  • Diamond, C. (1983). Having a Rough Story about What Moral Philosophy Is. New Literary History, 15(1), 155-169. Erişim adresi: https://www.jstor.org/stable/468998
  • Diamond, C. (1998). Martha Nussbaum and the Need for Novels. Jane Adamson, Richard Freadman ve David Parker (Ed.). Renegotiating Ethics in Literature, Philosophy, and Theory içinde (s. 39-64). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Driver, J. (2014, 22 Eylül). The History of Utilitarianism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim adresi (16 Ocak 2021): https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/
  • Erkan, M. (2014). Etik ve Edebiyat. Notos, 43, 29-42.
  • Foot, P. (2002). The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect.1967. Virtues, Vices, Other Essays in Moral Philosophy içinde (s.19-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1967).
  • Gregory, M. (2005). Ethical Criticism: What It is and Why It Matters. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 58-86). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
  • Gregory, M. (2010). Redefining Ethical Criticism: The Old vs. the New. Journal of Literary Theory, 4(2), 273-302.
  • Güzel, Firuze. (2021). Postmodern Perception of Values, Morals and Ethics in Contemporary American Science-Fiction Novel (Doktora Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
  • Hursthouse, R. (2002). On Virtue Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1999).
  • Leavis, F. R. (1950). The Great Tradition. New York: George W. Stewart Publisher. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1948).
  • Moyal-Sharrock, D. (2012). Cora Diamond and the Ethical Imagination. The British Journal of Aesthetics, 52(3), 223-240.
  • Müller, V. C. (2020, 30 Nisan). Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Erişim adresi (22 Mart 2021): https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-ai/
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (1990). Love’s Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2003). Literature and Ethical Theory: Allies or Adversaries?. Frame, 17(1), 1-25. Erişim adresi: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1049.9798&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  • Nussbaum, M. C. (2007). Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Oskay, Ü. (2014). Roman ve Etik. İstanbul: Inkılap Kitabevi.
  • Parker, D. (1998). Introduction: The Turn to Ethics in the 1990s. Jane Adamson, Richard Freadman ve David Parker (Ed.). Renegotiating Ethics in Literature, Philosophy, and Theory içinde (s. 1-20). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1971).
  • Sacks, S. (1964). Fiction and the Shape of Belief: A Study of Henry Fielding. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Siebers, T. (1988). Ethics of Criticism. Ithaka: Cornell University Press.
  • Singer, P. (2011) Practical Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1979).
  • Singer, P. (2016). Famine, Affluence, and Morality. Famine, Affluence, and Morality içinde (s. 1-32). Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1972).
  • Störig, H. J. (2011). Vedalardan Tractatus’a: Dünya Felsefe Tarihi. İstanbul: Say Yayınları. (Orijinal eserin basım tarihi 1950).
  • Walton, D. (2008). Terminal Mind. Tennessee: Meadowhawk Press.
  • Yehoshua, A. B. (2005). The Moral Connections of Literary Texts. S. K. George (Ed.). Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader içinde (s. 28-40). Maryland: A Sheed & Ward Book.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Firuze Güzel

Publication Date December 20, 2022
Submission Date August 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Güzel, F. (2022). EDEBİ ETİK ANALİZİNE İLİŞKİN BİR UYGULAMA TEKLİFİ: KARMA ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 62(2), 1308-1333. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2022.62.2.21

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi - dtcfdergisi@ankara.edu.tr

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