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BONDAGE OF ‘INDEPENDENT’ NATIONS: NEO-IMPERIALISM IN NGUGI WA THIONG’O’S PETALS OF BLOOD AND INDRA SINHA’S ANIMAL’S PEOPLE

Year 2024, Volume: 64 Issue: 1, 99 - 123, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2024.64.1.5

Abstract

Both Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Petals of Blood and Indra Sinha’s Animal’s People are mirrors reflecting the trajectories of neo-imperialism from the point of view of the victims suffering from the system. After independence, the colonialists are replaced by a national bourgeoisie who, without capital and economic power, become dependent on foreign investment. In both novels, the unprivileged poor are the victims of the neo-imperialist system which attracts multinational corporations to take advantage of low-cost land and cheap labour. Ngugi explores the subjectivity of African history as reflected by Westerners by the dual narration of his novel, from a subjective and a relatively objective but complementary narrative voice. Neither the previous colonial domination nor the national bourgeoisie which replaces them represents the victims of the system. The narration of the novel from the perspective of Munira, who refuses the familial capitalist wealth by escaping to live in Ilmorog, successfully reflects the contradictory concerns of the capitalists and the victims. In Animal’s People, Sinha gives voice to the subaltern victims of the system by the first-person narrative of Animal, who is one of the worst victims of the system. Sinha emphasizes the reality of his story by indicating each chapter as a tape recording and using a sharp, slangy, and witty language for Animal. Both novels give voice to the subaltern victims of the society, and they are milestones in the freeing of the unprivileged classes from the bondage of the dominating national and foreign powers.

References

  • Brennan, T. (2005). The Economic Image-Function of the Periphery. In Ania Loomba (Ed.). Postcolonial Studies and Beyond (pp. 99-122). Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Cook, D., & Okenimkpe, M. (1997). Ngugi wa Thong’o: An Exploration of his Writings (2nd ed.). England: Heinemann Educational Books.
  • “Delhi Science Forum Report: Bhopal Gas Tragedy”. Social Scientist 53(1), Jan., 1985, 32-53. Erişim tarihi: 26/05/2008, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3517242
  • Fanon, F. (1978). The Wretched of The Earth (C. Farrington, Trans.). England: Penguin Books.
  • Furedi, F. (1989). The Mau Mau War In Perspective. England: Eastern African Studies.
  • Harvey, D. (2003). Accumulation by dispossession. The New Imperialism (pp. 137-182). England: Oxford University Press.
  • Jameson, F. (2002) A Singular Modernity: Essay on the Ontology of the Present. London and New York: Verso.
  • Mitchell, D. G. (1968). A Dictionary of Sociology. London: Routhledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Ogude, J. (1999). Ngugi’s Novels and African History: Narrating the Nation. USA: Pluto Press.
  • Sills, D. L., (Ed.) (1968). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. USA: The Macmillan Company & University Press.
  • Sinha, I. (2007). Animal’s People. Great Britain: Simon & Schuster UK Ltd.
  • Soanes, C., & Stevenson A. (Eds.). (2005). Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd ed.). England: Oxford University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1993). Can the Subaltern Speak. In Patrick Williams & Laura Chrisman (Eds.), Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader (pp. 66-111). England: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Thiong’o, N. W. (2002). Petals of Blood, England: Penguin Books.

‘BAĞIMSIZ’ ULUSLARIN ESARETİ: NGUGİ WA THİONG’O’NUN KANIN ÇİÇEKLERİ VE İNDRA SİNHA’NIN HAYVAN’IN İNSANLARI ROMANLARINDA YENİ-EMPERYALİZM

Year 2024, Volume: 64 Issue: 1, 99 - 123, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2024.64.1.5

Abstract

Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’nun Kanın Çiçekleri ve Indra Sinha’nın Hayvan’ın İnsanları romanları yeni-emperyalist sistemin izlediği yolu sistemin mağdurlarının gözünden yansıtan birer aynadırlar. Bağımsızlığın ardından sömürgeci sınıf, sermayesi ve ekonomik gücü olmayan yerli burjuva sınıf ile yer değiştirmiş, böylece yabancı yatırıma bağımlı kalmıştır. Her iki romanda da dezavantajlı yoksul sınıflar, düşük arazi fiyatları ve ucuz iş gücünün yarattığı fırsatlardan yararlanmak isteyen çok uluslu şirketlere hizmet eden yeni-emperyalist sistemin kurbanı olmuşlardır. Ngugi, Kanın Çiçekleri romanında, Afrika tarihinin Batılılar tarafından öznel anlatımını hem öznel hem de göreceli olarak nesnel olan ve birbirini tamamlayan ikili bir anlatım tekniği ile araştırır. Bu anlatımda ne önceki kolonyal rejim ne de onun yerine geçen milli burjuva sınıf dezavantajlı sınıfları temsil eder. Romanın ailevi sermayeyi reddedip Ilmorog’da yaşamayı tercih eden Munira’nın bakış açısı ile anlatılması sermayedar sınıfın ve sistemin kurbanlarının çelişik endişelerini başarılı bir şekilde yansıtır. Sinha’nın Hayvan’ın İnsanları, sistemin altık mağdurlarına, sistemin en büyük kurbanlarından biri olan Hayvan’ın birinci tekil şahıs anlatımı ile ses verir. Sinha Hayvan’ın anlatımının her bölümünü kaset kayıtları olarak sunarak ve keskin, küfürlü ve zekice dil kullanımı ile hikâyenin gerçekliğine vurgu yapar. Her iki roman da dezavantajlı gruplara ses vererek onları sömüren milli ve yabancı güçlere karşı onları bağımsızlaştırma yolunda birer mil taşı olma görevini üstlenirler.

References

  • Brennan, T. (2005). The Economic Image-Function of the Periphery. In Ania Loomba (Ed.). Postcolonial Studies and Beyond (pp. 99-122). Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Cook, D., & Okenimkpe, M. (1997). Ngugi wa Thong’o: An Exploration of his Writings (2nd ed.). England: Heinemann Educational Books.
  • “Delhi Science Forum Report: Bhopal Gas Tragedy”. Social Scientist 53(1), Jan., 1985, 32-53. Erişim tarihi: 26/05/2008, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3517242
  • Fanon, F. (1978). The Wretched of The Earth (C. Farrington, Trans.). England: Penguin Books.
  • Furedi, F. (1989). The Mau Mau War In Perspective. England: Eastern African Studies.
  • Harvey, D. (2003). Accumulation by dispossession. The New Imperialism (pp. 137-182). England: Oxford University Press.
  • Jameson, F. (2002) A Singular Modernity: Essay on the Ontology of the Present. London and New York: Verso.
  • Mitchell, D. G. (1968). A Dictionary of Sociology. London: Routhledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Ogude, J. (1999). Ngugi’s Novels and African History: Narrating the Nation. USA: Pluto Press.
  • Sills, D. L., (Ed.) (1968). International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. USA: The Macmillan Company & University Press.
  • Sinha, I. (2007). Animal’s People. Great Britain: Simon & Schuster UK Ltd.
  • Soanes, C., & Stevenson A. (Eds.). (2005). Oxford Dictionary of English (2nd ed.). England: Oxford University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1993). Can the Subaltern Speak. In Patrick Williams & Laura Chrisman (Eds.), Colonial Discourse and Post-Colonial Theory: A Reader (pp. 66-111). England: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Thiong’o, N. W. (2002). Petals of Blood, England: Penguin Books.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects African Language, Literature and Culture, Indian Language, Literature and Culture, Comparative and Transnational Literature
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nesrin Degirmencioglu 0000-0002-8988-8346

Early Pub Date June 23, 2024
Publication Date June 25, 2024
Submission Date September 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 64 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Degirmencioglu, N. (2024). BONDAGE OF ‘INDEPENDENT’ NATIONS: NEO-IMPERIALISM IN NGUGI WA THIONG’O’S PETALS OF BLOOD AND INDRA SINHA’S ANIMAL’S PEOPLE. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 64(1), 99-123. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2024.64.1.5

Ankara University Journal of the Faculty of Languages and History-Geography

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