Doğal Afetler sonrası Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Abstract

Son zamanların en önemli sorunları arasında değerlendirilen, tüm insanlığı etkileyen doğal afetler bir halk sağlığı sorunu haline gelmiştir. Afetlerin hem birey hem de toplum üzerinde sağlık, ekonomik, sosyal ve psikolojik olmak üzere farklı boyutlarda etkileri olmaktadır ve ciddi olumsuz sonuçlara ulaşabilmektedir. Her geçen yıl doğal afetlerden etkilenen birey sayısı da artmaktadır. Doğal afetlerin insan yaşamını ve beden sağlığını tehdit ettiği açık olmakla birlikte ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerine çok az dikkat edilmiştir. Doğal afetler birçok yönden psikolojik iyi oluşumuzu tehdit etmekte hem kısa hem de uzun vadeli psikolojik sıkıntılara yol açabilmekte ve önemli bir psikolojik yük oluşturabilmektedir. Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) ciddi bir tehdit veya fiziksel yaralanma, ölüme yakın bir deneyim, savaşla ilgili travma, cinsel saldırı, kişilerarası çatışmalar, çocuk istismarı veya tıbbi bir hastalığın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan bir sendromdur. Literatür kapsamlı olarak incelendiğinde doğal afetler sonrası TSSB görülme oranının oldukça fazla olduğu saptanmıştır. Doğal afet sonrası TSSB nedenleri arasında travmanın doğası, şiddeti, bireyin yakınını ve/veya mülkünü kaybetmesi, zayıf baş etme becerisi, yerinden edilmesi ve doğrudan afete maruz kalması gibi faktörler sayılabilir. Araştırmalar hem farmakolojik olmayan hem de farmakolojik tedavinin TSSB üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Doğal afetler
• Deprem
• Sel
• Kasırga
• Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu
• Tedavi

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Natural Disasters: A Review

Abstract

Natural disasters, which are considered as one of the most important problems of recent times, affecting all humanity, have become a public health problem. Disasters have effects on both individuals and society in different dimensions, including health, economic, social, and psychological, and can have serious negative consequences. The number of individuals affected by natural disasters is increasing every year. While it is clear that natural disasters threaten human life and bodily health, little attention has been paid to their effects on mental health. Natural disasters threaten our psychological well-being in many ways, cause both short-term and long-term psychological distress and create a significant psychological burden. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome that occurs as a result of a serious threat or physical injury, a near-death experience, war-related trauma, sexual assault, interpersonal conflicts, child abuse, or a medical illness. When the literature is examined comprehensively, it has been determined that the incidence of PTSD after natural disasters is quite high. Causes of post-disaster PTSD include the nature of the trauma, its severity, loss of relatives and/or property, poor coping skills, displacement, and direct exposure to disaster. Studies have shown that both non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments are effective on PTSD.

Keywords

• Natural disasters
• Earthquake
• Flood
• Hurricane
• Post-traumatic stress disorder
• Treatment

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