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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1309-4602</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2587-0106</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Dicle University</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53092/duiibfd.1138523</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Economics</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ekonomi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>LOBBYING ACTIVITIES OF INTEREST GROUPS DURING THE EU MEMBERSHIP PROCESS OF TURKEY</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>TÜRKİYE’NİN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ ÜYELİĞİ SÜRECİNDE ÇIKAR GRUPLARININ LOBİ FAALİYETLERİ</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3461-8290</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yurttaş</surname>
                                    <given-names>Şükrü Alper</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20221128">
                    <day>11</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>24</issue>
                                        <fpage>149</fpage>
                                        <lpage>177</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220630">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>30</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20220825">
                        <day>08</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011, Dicle University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Dicle University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>In parallel to the devolution of authority from member nations to the EU, the lobbying actions of various entities towards EU institutions have expanded over time. A variety of organisations coordinates lobbying efforts on behalf of EU institutions. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of a candidate country&#039;s interest groups&#039; lobbying efforts by focusing on Turkey as a case.Due to the length of the EU membership process, which has exceeded 20 years, Turkey is regarded as an exceptional case. This study examines the lobbying actions of four economic and two political bodies in Turkey between 1999 and 2021, based on a typological description of two sorts of groupings. In terms of research method, a two-stage approach was adopted by using qualitative and quantitative tools together. In the first stage, written documents were analysed to determine the institutions’ general attitudes towards the EU accession process and the topics they focus on. The documents in question includes periodic activity reports, thematic reports, press releases, statements of institution representatives for non-governmental organizations and party programs, election manifestos, statements of party leaders or representatives, and parliamentary minutes for political parties. In addition, the news in the national media about the activities of the institutions was examined through an extensive media scan. Following this, in the second stage, semi-structured questionnaires were prepared for all institutions and answers were sought in in-depth interviews with EU representatives of the institutions examined, EU decision makers who are the addressees of the lobbying activities, and relevant experts on lobbying in the EU. According to the findings of the research, the study suggests that variations in Turkey-EU relations have a detrimental impact on the lobbying actions of these entities. However, the lobbying actions of the entities listed below are less influenced by these changes. These are the groups that focus on their particular field of operations at the technical level rather than the Turkish accession process and create deeper relationships with transnational umbrella organizations. The statistics imply that non-governmental organizations are more effective than political parties in EU lobbying actions.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Üye devletlerden Avrupa Birliği kurumlarına yetki aktarımındaki artışla birlikte, çıkar gruplarının Birlik kurumlarını hedef alan lobi faaliyetlerinde artış görülmektedir. Birçok farklı çıkar grubu bu süreçte Birlik düzeyinde lobi faaliyetleri yürütmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, AB adayı bir ülke olarak Türkiye’den siyasi ve ekonomik çıkar gruplarının yürüttükleri lobi faaliyetlerini ve bu faaliyetlerin hangi şartlar altında etkin olabildiğini yansıtmaktır.Çalışma kapsamında, adaylık süreci 20 yılı aşan ve bu yönüyle diğer aday ülkelerden ayrışan Türkiye’den iki siyasi ve dört iktisadi kuruluşun 1999-2021 arasında yürüttükleri lobi faaliyetleri mercek altına alınmıştır. Araştırma yöntemi açısından kalitatif ve kantitatif araçlardan birlikte faydalanılarak, çalışmada iki aşamalı bir yaklaşım benimsenmiştir. Birinci aşamada, incelenen kurumların AB katılım sürecine ilişkin genel tutumlarının ve hangi konu başlıklarına daha fazla önem verdiklerinin belirlenmesi için yazılı belgeler incelenmiştir. Söz konusu belgeler; sivil toplum kuruluşları için dönemsel faaliyet raporlarını, tematik raporları, basın bültenlerini, kurum temsilcilerinin açıklamalarını, siyasi partiler içinse parti programlarını, seçim bildirgelerini, parti liderlerinin ya da temsilcilerinin açıklamalarını ve TBMM tutanaklarını kapsamaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra, yapılan basın taramasıyla kurumların çalışmalarına ilişkin basında yer alan haberler de incelenmiştir. Bu belgelerin incelenmesinin ardından, ikinci aşamada ise tüm kurumlara yönelik yarı yapılandırılmış soru formları hazırlanmış ve incelenen kurumların AB temsilcileriyle, bu kruumların yürüttüğü lobi çalışmalarının muhatabı olan AB karar alıcılarıyla ve diğer uzmanlar olarak adlandırdığımız, AB’de lobicilik konusundaki uzmanlarla yapılan derinlemesine mülakatlarda bu sorulara yanıt aranmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, odaklanılan grupların lobi faaliyetlerinin AB-Türkiye ilişkilerindeki iniş çıkışlardan önemli ölçüde etkilendikleri görülmüştür. Bunun yanında, Türkiye’nin üyelik sürecine dair çalışmalar yerine kendi çalışma alanlarına odaklanan, bu alanlarda siyasi değil teknik düzeyde lobi faaliyetleri yürüten ve özellikle ulusüstü çatı kuruluşlarla güçlü ilişkiler geliştiren gruplar, AB-Türkiye ilişkilerindeki dalgalanmalardan daha az etkilenmektedir. Diğer taraftan, çalışmadan incelenen farklı türde gruplar arasında tipolojik bir ayrıma gidilmiş ve iktisadi çıkar gruplarının siyasi gruplara nazaran Birlik düzeyinde daha etkin lobi faaliyetleri yürüttüğü görülmüştür.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>European Union</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  interest groups</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  lobbying</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  interest representation</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Avrupa Birliği</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çıkar temsili</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  lobicilik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çıkar grupları</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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