The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs in Relation between Job Characteristics and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 63 - 77, 26.01.2012

Mohammad R. Ahanchian Hossein Kareshki

Abstract

Several researches administrated to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) with job characteristics (JCs). The results were different. One category of variables that probably cause different results is mediators like psychological needs. The aim of this research is to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological needs in relation between JCs and OBCs. Participants in this study were employees of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. A 220 Sample of respondents was selected using quota sampling method. The study tested a model for measuring each of the three variables applying separate questionnaires for JC scale from Hackman & Oldham, citizenship behavior scale from Podsakoff; and basic psychological needs scale. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of Pearson correlation showed that there was a mutual correlation between some of the components of basic psychological needs and JC and OCBs. The correlations were positive and statistically significant while per posed model was fitted to data, and nondirective path was more strength and significance.

Keywords

Psychological needs, organizational citizenship behavior, job characteristics, university staff.

İş Özellikleri ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Arasındaki İlişkide Temel Psikolojik Ihtiyaçların Aracılık Rolü

Abstract

Genişletilmiş Özet Problem: Örgütsel performansın etkililiği birçok duruma ve etkene bağlıdır. Bu durumlardan birisi de örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışıdır (ÖVD). ÖVD'nin örgüt iklimi üzerinde etkileri vardır ve çalışanların performansını geliştirmede önemlidir. ÖVD ile meslek karakteristikleri (özellikleri) arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak için bazı araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar farklılık göstermektedir. Muhtemelen bu farklı sonuçlara yol açan bir değişkenler kategorisi de psikolojik ihtiyaçlar olan aracılardır. Hackman ve Oldham (1976) Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışlarını (ÖDV) açıklayan bir model ileri sürmüşlerdir. Onlar, aslında kritik psikolojik durumlarda etkili olan meslek özellikleri setine ilişkin bir model ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu özellikler seti karşılıklı bir etkileşimle ÖVD şeklinde etkili ve motivasyonel sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı nedensel bir model aracılığıyla Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı ile Meslek Karakteristikleri arasındaki ilişkiyle ilgili temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların aracı rolünü araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Katılımcılar İran'ın kuzeybatısında bulunan Mashhad Ferdowsi Üniversitesinden yaşları 20 ile 60 arasında değişen 313 iş görenden oluşmaktadır. Düşük, orta düzey de uzman ve kadın yöneticilerin de bulunduğu değişik statüde çalışan bireyler arasından seçilmişlerdir. Katılımcılara üç anket uygulanmıştır: Brock ve arkadaşlarının geliştirdiği Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği, Hackman ve Oldham'ın İş Karekteristikleri Ölçeği ve son olarak Podsaloff ile arkadaşlarının geliştirdiği Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranış Ölçeği. Tüm ölçeklerin güvenirlik ve geçerliği İran için yeniden doğrulanmıştır. Anketler katılımcılara oldukları ortamda, bireysel olarak dağıtılmış ve bu şekilde doldurmaları sağlanmıştır. Veri analizi, her model önerisi için hipotez testi olarak Pearson Korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmış ve model ayrıca yapısal eşitlik modellemesi ile de test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Sonuçlar meslek özelliklerinin tüm bileşenleri / alt parçaları ile temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların tüm bileşenleri arasındaki korelasyon katsayılarının, beceri değişkenleri ve ilgili olma durumu dışında, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı (p<0,05) olduğunu göstermiştir. Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarının boyutları ilişkisinde, şehirde yaşama ile sporcu olma boyutu tüm ihtiyaç kategorileriyle ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Ancak, özerklik boyutu diğer boyutlarla ilişkilendirilememiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi sonuçları da her bir modelin sonuçlarla uyuştuğunu göstermiştir (c² = 135.20, c²/df = 2.29, df=59, p<0.01, GFI = .86, AGFI = .78, RMSEA = .099). Bu model de 'nondirective path' daha güçlü ve anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Bu durum (sonuç) meslek özellikleri ile örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişkilerin temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar tarafından etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Öneri: Sonuçlara dayalı olarak, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarını ve performansı artırmak için, örgütlerin ve yöneticilerin hem psikolojik durumları hem de iş değişkenlerini dikkate almaları gerektiğini söyleyebiliriz. 

Keywords

Psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, Vatandaşlık davranışı, Meslek özellikleri, Üniversite personeli

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